Glacial-interglacial variability in deep sea ostracod assemblage composition at IODP Site U1314 in the subpolar North Atlantic

Marine Geology

Volumn 258, Issue 1-4, 2009, Pages 69-87

  Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos A ^a   Stepanova, Anna Yu ^b   Grützner, Jens ^c  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PALEONTOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; IODP Site U1314; Late Quaternary; North Atlantic; Ostracoda; Paleoceanography

Indexed keywords

IODP SITE U1314; LATE QUATERNARY; NORTH ATLANTIC; OSTRACODA; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY;

BATHYMETRY; DISSOLUTION; NUTRIENTS; OCEAN ENGINEERING; OCEANOGRAPHY; SEAWATER; SEDIMENTOLOGY;

BIODIVERSITY;

BENTHOS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CRUSTACEAN; DISSOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE; MEIOFAUNA; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH);

ARGILLOECIA; BRADLEYA; BYTHOCYPRIS; BYTHOCYTHERE; CLUTHIA; CYTHEROPTERON; DUTOITELLA; FINMARCHINELLA; HETEROCYPRIDEIS; KRITHE; OSTRACODA; PELECOCYTHERE; POLYCOPE; XESTOLEBERIS;

EID: 60649107570     PISSN: 00253227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.11.009     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Aagaard K., Fahrbach E., Meincke J., and Swift J.H. Saline outflow from the Arctic Ocean: Its contribution to the deep waters of the Greenland, Norwegian, and Iceland seas. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 20433-20441
2. Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., in review. Data Report: Late Quaternary Ostracods at IODP Site U1314, subpolar North Atlantic. In: Channell, J.E.T., Kanamatsu, T., Sato, T., Stein, R., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Malone, M.J., and the Expedition 303/306 Scientists. Proc. IODP, 303/306: College Station TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.303306.2006.
3. Ayress M., Neil H., Passlow V., and Swanson K. Benthonic ostracods and deep watermasses: a qualitative comparison of Southwest Pacific, Southern and Atlantic Oceans. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 131 (1997) 287-302
4. Ayress M.A., DeDeckker P., and Coles G.P. A taxonomic and distributional survey of marine benthonic Ostracoda off Kerguelen and Heard Islands, South Indian Ocean. J. Micropaleontol. 23 (2004) 15-38
5. Bauch H.A., Erlenkeuser H., Jung S., and Thiede J. Surface and deep water changes in the subpolar North Atlantic during Termination II and the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography 15 1 (2000) 76-84
6. Bauch H.A., Erlenkeuser H., Spielhagen R.F., Struck U., Mathiessen J., Thiede J., and Heinemeier J. A multiproxy reconstruction of the evolution of deep and surface waters in the subarctic Nordic seas over the last 30,000 yr. Quat. Sci. Rev. 20 (2001) 659-678
7. Benson R.H., DelGrosso R.M., and Steineck P.L. Newfoundland continental slope and rise. Micropaleontology 29 (1983) 430-453
8. Bonaduce G., Ciampo G., and Masoli M. Distribution of Ostracoda in the Adriatic Sea. Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli 40 (1975) 1-304
9. Bond G.C., Heinrich H., Huon S., Broecker W.S., Labeyrie L., Andrews J., McManus J., Clasen S., Tedesco K., Jantschik R., Simet C., and Mieczyslawa K. Evidence for massive discharge of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial period. Nature 360 (1992) 245-249
10. Bond G., Broecker W., Johnsen S., McManus J., Labeyrie L., Jouzel J., and Bonani G. Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature 365 (1993) 143-147
11. Bond G., Kromer B., Beer J., Muscheler R., Evans M.N., Showers W., Hoffmann S., Lotti-Bond R., Hajdas I., and Bonani G. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science 294 (2001) 2130-2136
12. Boyle E.A., and Keigwin L. North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the last 20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface temperature. Nature 330 (1987) 35-40
13. Broecker W. Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature 372 (1994) 421-424
14. Brouwers E.M. Systematic paleontology of Quaternary ostracode assemblages from the Gulf of Alaska. Part 3: Family Cytheruridae. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1544 (1994) 1-45 23 plates
15. Carlson A.E., Stoner J., Donnelly J.P., and Hillaire-Marcel C. Response of the southern Greenland Ice Sheet during the last two deglaciations. Geology 36 5 (2008) 359-362
16. Channell J.E.T., Hodell D.A., and Lehmann B. Relative geomagnetic paleointensity and δ18O at ODP Site 983 (Gardar Drift), North Atlantic since 350 ka. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 153 (1997) 103-118
17. Channell J.E.T., Hodell D.A., McManus J., and Lehman B. Orbital modulation of the Earth's magnetic field intensity. Nature (London, U. K.) 394 (1998) 464-468 10.1038/28833
18. Channell J.E.T., Kanamatsu T., Sato T., Stein R., Alvarez Zarikian C.A., Malone M.J., and and the Expedition 303/306 Scientists. Proc. IODP, 303/306: College Station TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.) (2006) 10.2204/iodp.proc.303306.2006
19. Chapman M.R., and Shackleton N.J. Millennial scale fluctuations in North Atlantic heat flux during the last 150,000 years. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 159 (1998) 57-70
20. Chapman M.R., and Shackleton N.J. North Atlantic ice-rafting events, and deep-ocean circulation changes between 130 and 70 ka. Geology 27 (1999) 795-798
21. Coles G.P., Whatley R.C., and Moguilevsky A. The ostracod genus Krithe from the Tertiary and Quarternary of the North Atlantic. Palaeontology 37 1 (1994) 71-120
22. Corrège T. The relationship between water masses and benthic ostracod assemblages in the western Coral Sea, Southwest Pacific. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 105 (1993) 245-266
23. Cortijo E., Yiou P., Labeyrie L., and Cremer M. Sedimentary record of rapid climatic variability in the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial cycle. Paleoceanography 10 5 (1995) 911-926
24. Cronin T.M. Bathyal ostracodes from the Florida-Hatteras Slope, the straits of Florida, and the Blake Plateau. Mar. Micropaleontol. 8 (1983) 89-119
25. Cronin T.M., and Raymo M.E. Orbital forcing of deep-sea benthic species diversity. Nature 385 (1997) 624-627
26. Cronin T.M., Whatley R., Wood A., Tsukagoshi A., Ikeya N., Brouwers E.M., and Briggs W.M. Microfaunal evidence for elevated Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean. Paleoceanography 8 2 (1993) 161-173
27. Cronin T.M., Holtz J.T.R., and Whatley R.C. Quaternary paleoceanography of the deep Arctic Ocean based on quantitative analysis of Ostracoda. Mar. Geol. 119 (1994) 305-332
28. Cronin T.M., Holtz T.R., Stein R., Spielhagen R., Fütterer D., and Wollenburg J. Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Eurasian Basin, Arctic Ocean. Paleoceanography 10 2 (1995) 259-281
29. Cronin T.M., Raymo M.E., and Kyle K.P. Pliocene (3.2-2.4 Ma) Ostracode Faunal Cycles and Deep Ocean Circulation, North Atlantic Ocean. Geology 24 (1996) 695-698
30. Cronin T.M., DeMartinoa D.M., Dwyer G.S., and Rodriguez-Lázaro J. Deep-sea ostracode species diversity: response to late Quaternary climate change. Mar. Micropaleontol. 37 (1999) 231-249
31. Cronin T.M., Dwyer G.S., Baker P.A., Rodriguez-Lazaro J., and DeMartino D.M. Orbital and suborbital variability in North Atlantic bottom water temperature obtained from deep-sea ostracod Mg/Ca ratios. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 162 (2000) 45-57
32. Cronin T.M., Boomer I., Dwyer G.S., and Rodriguez-Lázaro J. Ostracoda and Paleoceanography. In: Holmes J.A., and Chivas A.R. (Eds). The Ostracoda: applications in Quaternary research (2002), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA 99-119
33. Cronin T.M., Dowsett H.J., Dwyer G.S., Baker P.A., and Chandler M.A. Mid-Pliocene deep-sea bottom-water temperatures based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios. Mar. Micropaleontol. 54 (2005) 249-261
34. Cronin T.M., Holmes C.W., Brewster-Wingard G.L., Ishman S.E., and Dowsett H.J. Historical trends in epiphytal ostracodes from Florida Bay: implications for seagrass and macro-benthic algal variability. Bull. Am. Paleontol. 361 (2005) 159-197
35. 2 in the western Atlantic Ocean. Paleoceanography 20 (2005) PA1017 10.1029/2004PA001021
36. 2 between the last glaciation and the Holocene. Paleoceanography 3 (1988) 317-341
37. Dickson R.R., and Brown J. The production of North-Atlantic deep-water - sources, rates, and pathways. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans 99 (1994) 12319-12341
38. Didié C., and Bauch H.A. Species composition and glacial-interglacial variations in the ostracode fauna of the northeast Atlantic during the past 200,000 years. Mar. Micropaleontol. 40 (2000) 105-129
39. Didié C., and Bauch H.A. Erratum to "Species composition and glacial-interglacial variations in the ostracode fauna of the northeast Atlantic during the past 200,000 years" [Mar. Micropal. 40 (2000) 105-129]. Mar. Micropaleontol. 40 (2001) 105-129
40. Didié C., and Bauch H.A. Implications of upper Quaternary stable isotope records of marine ostracodes and benthic foraminifers for paleoecological and paleoceanographical reconstructions. In: Holmes J.A., and Chivas A.R. (Eds). The Ostracoda: applications in Quaternary research (2002), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA 279-299
41. Didié C., Bauch H.A., and Helmke J.P. Late Quaternary deep-sea ostracodes in the polar and subpolar North Atlantic: paleoecological and paleoenvironmental implications. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 184 (2002) 195-212
42. Dingle R.V., Lord A.R., and Boomer I.D. Ostracod faunas and water masses across the continental margin off southwestern Africa. Mar. Geol. 87 (1989) 323-328
43. Dingle R.V., and Lord A.R. Benthic ostracods and deep watermasses in the Atlantic Ocean. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 80 (1990) 212-235
44. Duplessy J.C., Shackleton N.J., Fairbanks R.G., Labeyrie L., Oppo D., and Kallel N. Deepwater source variation during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater. Paleoceanography 3 3 (1988) 343-360
45. Dwyer G.S., Cronin T.M., Baker P.A., Raymo M.E., Buzas J.S., and Corrége T. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late Pliocene and late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270 (1995) 1347-1351
46. Evans H.K., Hall I.R., Bianchi G.G., and Oppo D.W. Intermediate water links to Deep Western Boundary Current variability in the subtropical NW Atlantic during marine isotope stages 5 and 4. Paleoceanography 22 (2007) PA3209 10.1029/2006PA001409
47. Expedition 306 Scientists, 2006. Site U1314. In Channell, J.E.T., Kanamatsu, T., Sato, T., Stein, R., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Malone, M.J., and the Expedition 303/306 Scientists. Proc. IODP, 303/306: College Station TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.303306.113.2006.
48. Flower B.P., Oppo D.W., McManus J.F., Venz K.A., Hodell D.A., and Cullen J. North Atlantic intermediate to deep water circulation and chemical stratification during the past 1 Myr. Paleoceanography 15 (2000) 388-403 10.1029/1999PA000430
49. Grousset F.E., Labeyrie L., Sinko J.A., Cremer M., Bond G., Duprat J., Cortijo E., and Huon S. Patterns of ice-rafted detritus in the glacial North Atlantic (40-55N). Paleoceanography 8 2 (1993) 175-192
50. Grützner, J. and Higgins, S.M., in review. Threshold behavior of millennial scale variability in deep water hydrography inferred from a 1.1 Ma long record of sediment provenance at the southern Gardar Drift Paleoceanography.
51. Hazel J.E. Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States - ostracode zoogeography in the southern Nova Scotia and northern Virginia faunal provinces. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-E (1970) 21 pp.
52. Heinrich H. Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quat. Res. 29 (1988) 142-152
53. Hillaire-Marcel C., de Vernal A., Bilodeau G., and Weaver A.J. Absence of deep water formation in the Labrador Sea during the last interglacial period. Nature 410 (2001) 1073-1077
54. Jansen E., Raymo M.E., Blum P., et al. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 162 (1996), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX
55. Johnson G.L., and Schneider E.D. Depositional ridges in the North Atlantic. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6 (1969) 416-422 10.1016/0012-821X(69)90110-1
56. Jones E.J.W., Ewing M., Ewing J., and Eittreim S.L. Influence of Norwegian Sea overflow water on sedimentation in the northern north Atlantic and Labrador Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 75 (1970) 1655-1680
57. Jones R.L., Whatley R.C., and Cronin T.M. The zoographical distribution of deep water Ostracoda in the Arctic Ocean. In: Crasquin-Soleau S., Braccini E., and Lethiers F. (Eds). What about Ostracoda! 3rd European Ostracodologists Meeting, Paris, Bierville, France, 8-12 July 1996 (1998), Elf Exploration Production-Editions, Pau CEDEX 83-90
58. Jones R.L., Whatley R.C., Cronin T.M., and Dowsett H.J. Reconstructing Late Quaternary deep-water masses in the eastern Arctic Ocean using benthonic Ostracoda. Mar. Micropaleontol. 37 3-4 (1999) 251-272
59. Joy J.A., and Clark D.L. The distribution, ecology and systematics of the benthic ostracoda of the central Arctic Ocean. Micropaleontology 23 2 (1977) 129-154
60. Jung S. Wassermassenaustausch zwischen NE-Atlantik und Nordmeer während der letzten 300,000/80,000 Jahre im Abbild stabiler O- und C- Isotope, Berichte aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 313 vol. 61 (1996), Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel 104 pp.
61. Jung S. Age model of sediment core GIK17049-6 (2004) 10.1594/PANGAEA.186493
62. Keigwin L.D., and Boyle E.A. Carbon isotopes in deep-sea benthic foraminifera: precession and changes in low-latitude biomass. In: Sundquist E., and Broecker W. (Eds). The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric C02: Natural Variations Archean to Recent. Geophys. Monogr. Ser. vol. 32 (1985), AGU, Washington, D.C. 319-328
63. Kleiven H.F., Jansen E., Curry W.B., Hodell D.A., and Venz K.A. Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation changes on orbital to suborbital timescales during the mid-Pleistocene. Paleoceanography 18 (2003) 1008 10.1029/2001PA000629
64. Kornicker L.S. Distribution of the ostracod suborder Cladopoda, a new species from the Bahamas. Micropaleontology 5 (1959) 69-75
65. 18O records. Paleoceanography 20 (2005) 10.1029/2004PA001071
66. Lynch-Stieglitz J., Adkins J.F., Curry W.B., Dokken T., Hall I.R., Herguera J.C., Hirschi J., Ivanova E.V., Kissel C., Marchal O., Marchitto T.M., McCave I.N., McManus J.F., Mulitza S., Ninnemann U., Peeters F., Yu E.-F., and Zahn R. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum. Science 316 (2007) 66-69
67. Mackiewicz A. Recent benthic Ostracoda from Hornsund, south Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago. Pol. Polar Res. 27 1 (2006) 71-90
68. Maddocks R.F., and Steineck P.L. Ostracoda from experimental wood-islands habitats in the deep sea. Micropaleontology 33 4 (1987) 318-355
69. Martin P.A., Lea D.W., Rosenthal Y., Shackleton N.J., Sarnthein M., and Papenfuss T. Quaternary deep sea temperature histories derived from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198 (2002) 193-209
70. McCave I.N., and Tucholke B.E. Deep current-controlled sedimentation in the western North Atlantic. In: Vogt P.R., and Tucholke B.E. (Eds). The Western North Atlantic Region. Geol. Soc. Am., Geol. of North Am. Ser., M (1986) 451-468
71. McManus J.F., Bond G.C., Broecker W.S., Johnsen S., Labeyrie L., and Higgins S. High-resolution climate records from the North Atlantic during the last interglacial. Nature 371 (1994) 326-329
72. Neale J.W. Geological history of the Cladocopina. In: Maddocks R.F. (Ed). Applications on Ostracoda: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Ostracoda (1983) 612-626
73. Oppo D.W., and Fairbanks R.G. Variability in the deep and intermediate water circulation of the Atlantic Ocean: Northern Hemisphere modulation of the Southern Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 116 (1987) 1-15
74. Oppo D.W., and Lehman S.J. Mid-depth circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic during the last glacial maximum. Science 259 (1993) 1148-1152
75. Oppo D.W., and Lehman S.J. Suborbital timescale variability of North Atlantic Deep Water during the past 200,000 years. Paleoceanography 10 5 (1995) 901-910
76. Oppo D.W., McManus J.F., and Cullen J.L. Evolution and demise of the Last Interglacial warmth in the subpolar North Atlantic. Quat. Sci. Rev. 25 (2006) 3268-3277
77. Passlow V. Quaternary ostracods as paleoceanographic indicators: a case study off southern Australia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 131 (1997) 315-325
78. Rasmussen T.L., Thomsen E., Kuijpers A., and Wastegård S. Late warming and early cooling of the sea surface in the Nordic seas during MIS 5e (Eemian Interglacial). Quat. Sci. Rev. 22 (2003) 809-821
79. Rasmussen T.L., Balbon E., Thomsen E., Labeyrie L., and van Weering T.C.E. Climate records and changes in deep outflow from the Norwegian Sea ~150-55 ka. Terra Nova 11 (1999) 61-66
80. Raymo M.E., Hodell D., and Jansen E. Response of deep ocean circulation to the initiation of northern hemisphere glaciation (3-2 My). Paleoceanography 7 (1992) 645-672
81. Raymo M.E., Ganley K., Carter S., Oppo D.W., and McManus J. Millennial-scale climate instability during the early Pleistocene epoch. Nature 392 (1998) 699-702
82. Raymo M.E., Oppo D.W., Flower B.P., Hodell D.A., McManus J.F., Venz K.A., Kleiven K.F., and McIntyre K. Stability of North Atlantic water masses in face of pronounced climate variability during the Pleistocene. Paleoceanography 19 (2004) PA2008 10.1029/2003PA00092
83. Reimnitz E., Marincovich J.L., McCormick M., and Briggs W.M. Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation. Can. J. Earth Sci. 29 (1992) 693-703
84. Reimnitz E., McCormick M., McDougall K., and Brouwers E. Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal polynya, Arctic Alaska, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 25 2 (1993) 83-98
85. Rex M.A., Stuart C.T., Hessler R.R., Allen J.A., Sanders H.L., and Wilson G.D.F. Global-scale latitudinal patterns of species diversity in the deep-sea benthos. Nature 365 (1993) 636-639
86. Rodriguez-Lázaro J., and Cronin T.M. Quaternary glacial and deglacial Ostracoda in the thermocline of the Little Bahama Bank (NW Atlantic): palaeoceanographic implications. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 152 (1999) 339-364
87. Rousseau D.D., Kukla G., and McManus J. What is what in the ice in the ocean?. Quat. Sci. Rev. 25 (2006) 2025-2030
88. Ruddiman W.F. Late Quaternary deposition of ice-rafted sand in the subpolar North Atlantic (Lat 40°N to 65°N). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88 (1977) 1813-1827
89. Sanders H.L., Hessler R.R., and Hampson G.R. An introduction to the study of deep sea benthic faunal assemblages along the Gay Head-Bermuda transect. Deep Sea Res. 12 (1965) 845-867
90. Sarnthein M., Winn K., Jung S., Duplessy J.C., Labeyrie L., Erlenkeuser H., and Ganssen G. Changes in east Atlantic deepwater circulation over the last 30,000 years: eight time slice reconstructions. Paleoceanography 9 2 (1994) 209-267
91. Shannon C.E., and Weaver W. The mathematical theory of communication (1963), University of Illinois Press 144 pp.
92. Stein R., Kanamatsu T., Alvarez Zarikian C.A., Higgins S., Channell J.E.T., Aboud E., Ohno M., Acton G.D., Akimoto K., Bailey I., Bjørklund K.R., Evans H., Nielsen S.H.H., Fang N., Ferretti P., Grützner J., Guyodo Y.J.B., Hagino K., Harris R., Hatakeda K., Hefter J., Judge S.A., Kulhanek D.K., Nanayama F., Rashid H., Sierro Sanchez F.J., Voelker A., and Zhai Q. North Atlantic Paleoceanography: the Last 5 Million Years. Eos 87 13 (2006) 129-133
93. Stepanova A.Yu. Late Pleistocene-Holocene and recent Ostracoda of the Laptev Sea and their importance for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Monograph. Suppl. Issue Russ. Paleontol. J. 40 2 (2006) 91-204
94. Stepanova A., Taldenkova E., and Bauch H.A. Recent Ostracoda from the Laptev Sea (Arctic Siberia): species assemblages and some environmental relationships. Mar. Micropaleontol. 48 (2003) 23-48
95. Stepanova A., Taldenkova E., and Bauch H.A. Ostracod species of the genus Cytheropteron from the Pleistocene, Holocene and Recent sediments of the Laptev Sea (Arctic Siberia). Rev. Esp. Micropaleontol. 36 1 (2004) 83-108
96. Stepanova A., Taldenkova E., Simstich J., and Bauch H.A. Comparison study of the modern ostracod associations in the Kara and Laptev seas: ecological aspects. Mar. Micropaleontol. 63 (2007) 111-142
97. Stirling G., and Wilsey B. Empirical relationships between species richness, evenness, and proportional diversity. Am. Nat. 158 (2001) 286-299
98. Swanson K.M., and Ayress M.A. Cytheropteron testudo and related species from the SW Pacific with analyses of their soft anatomies, relationships and distribution. Senckenberg. Biol. 79 2 (1999) 151-193
99. Thomas E., Booth L., Maslin M., and Shackleton N.J. Northeastern Atlantic benthic foraminifera during the last 45,000 years: changes in productivity seen from the bottom up. Paleoceanography 10 (1995) 545-562
100. Van Harten D. Modern abyssal ostracod faunas of the eastern Mid-Atlantic Ridge area in the North Atlantic and a comparison with the Mediterranean. In: Whatley R., and Maybury C. (Eds). Ostracoda and Global Events (1990), Chapman and Hall 321-330
101. Venz K.A., Hodell D.A., Stanton C., and Warnke D.A. A 1.0 Myr record of glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water variability from ODP site 982 in the northeast Atlantic. Paleoceanography 14 (1999) 42-52
102. Vidal L., Labeyrie L., Cortijo E., Arnold M., Duplessy J.C., Michel E., Becque ́ S., and van Weering T.C.E. Evidence for changes in the North Atlantic deep water linked to meltwater surges during Heinrich events. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 146 (1997) 13-27
103. Villanueva J., Calvo E., Pelejero C., and Grimalt J.O. A latitudinal productivity band in the central North Atlantic over the last 270 kyr: an alkenone perspective. Paleoceanography 16 6 (2001) 617-626
104. Whatley R.C., and Masson D.G. The ostracod genus Cytheropteron from the Quaternary and Recent of Great Britain. Rev. Esp. Micropaleontol. 11 (1979) 223-277
105. Whatley R., and Coles G. The late Miocene to Quaternary Ostracoda of Leg 94, deep sea drilling project. Rev. Esp. Micropaleontol. 19 1 (1987) 33-97
106. Whatley R.C., Frame P., and Whittaker J.E. On Rockallia enigmatica Whatley, Frame and Whittaker gen. et sp. nov. Stereo Atlas of Ostracod Shells 5 24 (1978) 137-144
107. Whatley R., Eynon M., and Moguilevsky A. Recent Ostracoda of the Scoresby Sund fjord system, East Greenland. Rev. Esp. Micropaleontol. 28 2 (1996) 5-23
108. Whatley R., Eynon M., and Moguilevsky A. The depth distribution of Ostracoda from the Greenland Sea. J. Micropalaeontol. 17 (1998) 15-32
109. Yashayaev I., Bersch M., and van Aken H.M. Spreading of the Labrador Sea Water to the Irminger and Iceland basins. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 (2007) L10602 10.1029/2006GL028999
110. Yasuhara M., and Cronin T.M. Climatic influences on deep-sea ostracode (Crustacea) diversity for the last three million years. Ecology. Vol. 89 (2008) sp11 S53-S65 p
111. Yasuhara M., Cronin T.M., deMenocal P.B., Okahashi H., and Linsley B.K. Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105 5 (2008) 1556-1560
112. Yasuhara M., Cronin T.M., and Matínez Arbizu P. Abyssal ostracods from the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: biological and paleoceanographical implications. Deep-Sea Res. I 55 (2008) 490-497
113. Zhao Q., and Whatley R.C. Distribution of the ostracod genera Krithe and Parakrithe in bottom sediments of the East China and Yellow seas. Mar. Micropaleontol. 32 (1997) 195-207