A Simple Model for the Disintegration of Highly Charged Solvent Droplets during Electrospray Ionization

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 496-506

  Konermann, Lars ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION BARRIERS; BARRIER HEIGHTS; CHARGE ACCUMULATIONS; COULOMB REPULSIONS; DROPLET EMISSIONS; DROPLET FISSIONS; ELECTROSTATIC STRESS; EXPERIMENTAL DATUM; LIQUID FILAMENTS; NONSPHERICAL SHAPES; RAYLEIGH LIMITS; SIMPLE MODELS; SOLVENT EVAPORATIONS; SPHERICAL SHAPES; SPONTANEOUS PROCESS; SURFACE ENERGIES; THIN FILAMENTS;

ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; ELECTROSTATICS; FILAMENTS (LAMP); SURFACE CHEMISTRY; SURFACE TENSION;

DROP FORMATION;

EID: 60649094511     PISSN: 10440305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.007     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Kebarle P., and Peschke M. On the Mechanisms by which the Charged Droplets Produced by Electrospray Lead to Gas Phase Ions. Anal. Chim. Acta 406 (2000) 11-35
2. de la Mora F.J. Electrospray Ionization of Large Multiply Charged Species Proceeds Via Dole's Charged Residue Mechanism. Anal. Chim. Acta 406 (2000) 93-104
3. Cole R.B. Some Tenets Pertaining to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 35 (2000) 763-772
4. Van Berkel G.J., de la Mora J.F., Enke C.G., Cole R.B., Martinez-Sanchez M., and Fenn J.B. Electrochemical Processes in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 35 (2000) 939-952
5. Constantopoulos T.L., Jackson G.S., and Enke C.G. Challenges in Achieving a Fundamental Model for ESI. Anal. Chim. Acta 406 (2000) 37-52
6. Giglio E., Gervais B., Rangama J., Manil B., and Huber B.A. Shape Deformations of Surface-Charged Microdroplets. Phys. Rev. E 77 (2008) 036319
7. Feng X., Bogan M.J., and Agnes G.R. Coulomb Fission Event Resolved Progeny Droplet Production from Isolated Evaporating Methanol Droplets. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 4499-4507
8. Tang K., and Smith R.D. Theoretical Prediction of Charged Droplet Evaporation and Fission in Electrospray Ionization. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 185/186/187 (1999) 97-105
9. Ichiki K., and Consta S. Disintegration Mechanisms of Charged Aqueous Nanodroplets Studied by Simulations and Analytical Models. J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 19168-19175
10. Marginean I., Znamenskiy V., and Vertes A. Charge Reduction in Electrosprays: Slender Nanojets as Intermediates. J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 6397-6404
11. Nemes P., Marginean I., and Vertes A. Spraying Mode Effect on Droplet Formation and Ion Chemistry in Electrosprays. Anal. Chem. 79 (2007) 3105-3116
12. Storozhev V.B., and Nikolaev E.N. Computer Simulations of the Fission Process of Charged Nanometer Droplets. Phil. Mag. 84 (2004) 157-171
13. Kebarle P., and Tang L. From Ions in Solution to Ions in the Gas Phase: The Mechanism of Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 972A-986A
14. Gu W., Heil P.E., Choi H., and Kim K. Comprehensive Model for Fine Coulomb Fission of Liquid Droplets Charged to Rayleigh Limit. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007) 064104
15. Gomez A., and Tang K. Charge and Fission of Droplets in Electrostatic Sprays. Phys. Fluids 6 (1994) 404-414
16. Duft D., Achtzehn T., Muller R., Huber B.A., and Leisner T. Coulomb Fission: Rayleigh Jets from Levitated Microdroplets. Nature 421 (2003) 128
17. Li D., Marquez M., and Xia Y. Capturing Electrified Nanodroplets Under Rayleigh Instability by Coupling Electrospray with a sol-gel Reaction. Chem. Phys. Lett. 445 (2007) 271-275
18. Ryce S.A., and Wyman R.R. Asymmetry in the Electrostatic Dispersion of Liquids. Can. J. Phys. 42 (1964) 2185-2194
19. Enke C.G. A Predictive Model for Matrix and Analyte Effects in Electrospray Ionization of Singly-Charged Ionic Analytes. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 4885-4893
20. Cech N.B., and Enke C.G. Practical Implication of Some Recent Studies in Electrospray Ionization Fundamentals. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 20 (2001) 362-387
21. Kuprowski M.C., and Konermann L. Signal Response of Coexisting Protein Conformers in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 79 (2007) 2499-2506
22. Hogan C.J., and Biswas P. Monte Carlo Simulation of Macromolecular Ionization by Nanoelectrospray. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2008) 1098-1107
23. Dole M., Mack L.L., Hines R.L., Mobley R.C., Ferguson L.D., and Alice M.B. Molecular Beams of Macro-Ions. J. Chem. Phys. 49 (1968) 2240-2249
24. Iribarne J.V., and Thomson B.A. On the Evaporation of Small Ions from Charged Droplets. J. Chem. Phys. 64 (1975) 2287-2294
25. Nguyen S., and Fenn J.B. Gas-Phase Ions of Solute Species from Charged Droplets of Solutions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (2007) 1111-1117
26. Felitsyn N., Peschke M., and Kebarle P. Origin and Number of Charges Observed on Multiply-Protonated Native Proteins Produced by ESI. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 219 (2002) 39-62
27. Nesatyy V.J., and Suter M.J.-F. On the Conformation-Dependent Neutralization Theory and Charging of Individual Proteins and Their Noncovalent Complexes in the Gas Phase. J. Mass Spectrom. 39 (2004) 93-97
28. Iavarone A.T., and Williams E.R. Mechanism of Charging and Supercharging Molecules in Electrospray Ionization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 2319-2327
29. Kaltashov I.A., and Mohimen A. Estimates of Protein Surface Area in Solution by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 77 (2005) 5370-5379
30. Hogan C.J., Carroll J.A., Rohrs H.W., Biswas P., and Gross M.L. Charge Carrier Field Emission Determines the Number of Charges on Native State Proteins in Electrospray Ionization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 6929-6927
31. Konermann L. A Minimalist Model for Exploring Conformational Effects on the Electrospray Charge State Distribution of Proteins. J. Phys. Chem. B 111 (2007) 6534-6543
32. Rayleigh L. On the Equilibrium of Liquid Conducting Masses Charged with Electricity. Phil. Mag. 14 (1882) 184-186
33. Fenn J.B. Electrospray Wings for Molecular Elephants (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42 (2003) 3871-3894
34. Consta S. Fragmentation Reactions of Charged Aqueous Clusters. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem.) 591 (2002) 131-140
35. Last I., Levy Y., and Jortner J. Beyond the Rayleigh Instability Limit for Multicharged Finite Systems: From fission to Coulomb Explosion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (2002) 9107-9112
36. Duft D., Lebius H., Huber B.A., Guet C., and Leisner T. Shape Oscillations and Stability of Charged Microdroplets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 0845031-0845034
37. Li K.-Y., Tu H., and Ray A.K. Charge Limits on Droplets during Evaporation. Langmuir 21 (2005) 3786-3794
38. Ntamack G.E., Huber B.A., Chandezon F., Njock M.G.K., and Guet C. Simulation of Mass Spectra Produced in Collisions of Highly Charged Ions with Sodium Clusters. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 (2002) 2729-2740
39. Lyalin A.G., Obolensky O.I., and Greiner W. Stability of Charged Atomic Clusters. Rom. Rep. Phys. 59 (2007) 499-513
40. Möller P., Madland D.G., Sierk A.J., and Iwamoto A. Nuclear Fission Modes and Fragment Mass Asymmetries in a Five-Dimensional Deformation Space. Nature 401 (2001) 785-790
41. Hanggi P., Talkner P., and Borkovec M. Reaction-Rate Theory: Fifty Years after Kramers. Rev. Mod. Phys. 62 (1990) 251-342
42. Echt O., and Märk T.D. Multiply Charged Clusters. In: Haberland H. (Ed). Clusters of Atoms and Molecules II (1994), Berlin Heidelberg/New York, Springer 183-220
43. Fung A., Li P., Godoy-Ruiz R., Sanchez-Ruiz J.M., and Munoz V. Expanding the Realm of Ultrafast Protein Folding: ppW, a Midsize Natural Single-Domain α + β Topology that Folds Downhill. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 7489-7495
44. Bohr N., and Wheeler J.A. The Mechanism of Nuclear Fission. Phys. Rev. 56 (1939) 426-450
45. Ryce S.A., and Wyman R.R. Two Sphere Model for the Asymmetric Division of Electrically Charged Liquid Drops. Can. J. Phys. 48 (1970) 2571-2576
46. Csiszar S., and Thachuk M. Using Ellipsoids to Model Charge Distributions in Gas-Phase Protein Complex Ion Dissociation. Can. J. Chem. 82 (2004) 1736-1744
47. Sinelnikov I., Kitova E.N., and Klassen J.S. Influence of Coulombic Repulsion on the Dissociation Pathways and Energetics of Multiproton Complexes in the Gas Phase. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 18 (2007) 617-631
48. Schwartz B.L., Bruce J.E., Anderson G.A., Hofstadler S.A., Rockwood A.L., Smith R.D., Chilkoti A., and Stayton P.S. Dissociation of Tetrameric Ions of Noncovalent Streptavidin Complexes Formed by Electrospray Ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 6 (1995) 459-465
49. Kebarle P. A Brief Overview of the Present Status of the Mechanisms Involved in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 35 (2000) 804-817
50. Terrell L. An introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics (1986), Dover, Mineola, NY
51. de la Mora J.F. On the Outcome of the Coulombic Fission of a Charged Isolated Drop. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 178 (1996) 209-218
52. Taflin D.C., Ward T.L., and Davis E.J. Electrified Droplet Fission and the Rayleigh Limit. Langmuir 5 (1989) 376-384
53. Fong C.S., Black N.D., Kiefer P.A., and Shaw R.A. An Experiment on the Rayleigh Instability of Charged Liquid Drops. Am. J. Phys. 75 (2007) 499-503