Role of vector control in the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis

Annual Review of Entomology

Volumn 54, Issue , 2009, Pages 469-487

  Bockarie, Moses J ^a   Pedersen, Erling M ^b   White, Graham B ^c   Michael, Edwin ^d  

^a LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b DANISH BILHARZIASIS LABORATORY   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^d IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Insecticide treated nets; Integrated vector management; Mass drug administration; Mathematical modeling; Mosquito ecology

Indexed keywords

BRUGIA; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI;

ANTHELMINTIC AGENT;

ANIMAL; BRUGIA; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HUMAN; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; MOSQUITO; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; THEORETICAL MODEL; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI;

ANIMALS; ANTHELMINTICS; BRUGIA; CULICIDAE; ELEPHANTIASIS, FILARIAL; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; INSECT VECTORS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MOSQUITO CONTROL; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI;

EID: 60549109516     PISSN: 00664170     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090626     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Abdulcader MH, Sasa M. 1966. Epidemiology and control of Bancroftian filariasis in Ceylon. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 36:609-46
2. Appawu MA, Dadzie SK, Baffoe-Wilmot A, Wilson MD. 2001. Lymphatic filariasis in Ghana: entomological investigation of transmission dynamics and intensity in communities served by irrigation systems in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Trop. Med. Int. Health 6:511-16
3. Barbazan P, Baldet T, Darriet F, Escaffre H, Djoda DH, Hougard JM. 1997. Control of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) with Bacillus sphaericus in Maroua, Cameroon. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 13:263-69
4. Boakye DA, Wilson MD, Appawu MA, Gyapong J. 2004. Vector competence, for Wuchereria bancrofti, of the Anopheles populations in the Bongo district of Ghana. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 98:501-8
5. Bockarie M. 1994. Can lymphatic filariasis be eradicated in Papua New Guinea?. PNG Med. J. 37:61-64
6. Bockarie M, Kazura J, Alexander N, Dagoro H, Bockarie F, et al. 1996. Transmission dynamics of Wuchereria bancrofti in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54:577-81
7. Bockarie MJ, Tavul L, Kastens W, Michael E, Kazura JW. 2002. Impact of untreated bednets on prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by Anopheles farauti in Papua New Guinea. Med. Vet. Entomol. 16:116-19
8. Bogh C, Pedersen EM, Mukoko DA, Ouma JH. 1998. Permethrin-impregnated bednet effects on resting and feeding behaviour of lymphatic filariasis vector mosquitoes in Kenya. Med. Vet. Entomol. 12:52-59
9. Brengues J, Subra R, Bouchite B. 1969. Étude parasitologique, clinique et entomologique surla filariose de Bancroft dans le sud du Dahomey et du Togo. Cah. ORSTOM Sér. Entomol. Méd. Parasitol. 7:279-305
10. Bryan JH. 1986. Vectors of Wuchereria bancrofti in the Sepik Provinces of Papua New Guinea. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 80:123-31
11. Burkot T, Bockarie M. 2004. Towards a strategic plan for research to support the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: vectors. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71:24-26
12. Burkot T, Ichimori K. 2002. The Pac ELF programme: Will mass drug administration be enough? Trends Parasitol. 18:109-15
13. Burkot TR, Durrheim DN, Melrose WD, Speare R, Ichimori K. 2006. The argument for integrating vector control with multiple drug administration campaigns to ensure elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Filaria J. 5:1-7
14. Burkot TR, Taleo G, Toeaso V, Ichimori K. 2002. Progress towards, and challenges for, the elimination of filariasis from Pacific Island communities. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 96(Suppl. 2):S61-69
15. Cartel JL, Sechan Y, Spiegel A, Nguyen L, Barbazan P, et al. 1991. Cumulative mortality rates in Aedes polynesiensis after feeding on Polynesian Wuchereria bancrofti carriers treated with single doses of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and placebo. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 42:343-45
16. CDC. 1993. Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. MMWR42:1-3 8
17. Chang MS, Ho BC, Chan KL. 1991. Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine and pirimiphos-methyl residual spraying in controlling Brugian filariasis. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 42:95-102
18. Charlwood JD, Graves PM, Alpers MP. 1986. The ecology of the Anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes from Papua New Guinea: a review of recent work. PNG Med. J. 29:19-26
19. Chavasse DC, Lines JD, Ichimori K, Majala AR, Minjas JN, Marijani J. 1995. Mosquito control in Dar es Salaam. II. Impact of expanded polystyrene beads and pyriproxyfen treatment of breeding sites on Culex quinquefasciatus densities. Med. Vet. Entomol. 9:147-54
20. Chavasse DC, Lines JD, Ichimori K, Marijani J. 1995. Mosquito control in Dar es Salaam. I. Assessment of Culex quinquefasciatus breeding sites prior to intervention. Med. Vet. Entomol. 9:141-46
21. Chow CY. 1973. Filariasis vectors in the Western Pacific region. Z Trop. Parasitol. 24:404-18
22. Curtis CF, Jana-Kara B, Maxwell CA. 2003. Insecticide treated nets: impact on vector populations and relevance of initial intensity of transmission and pyrethroid resistance. J. Vector Borne Dis. 40:1-8
23. Curtis CF, Malecela-Lazaro M, Reuben R, Maxwell CA. 2002. Use of floating layers of polystyrene beads to control populations of the filaria vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 96(Suppl. 2):S97-104
24. Das PK, Manoharan A, Subramanian S, Ramaiah KD, Pani SP, et al. 1992. Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, south India - epidemiological impact of recovery of the vector population. Epidemiol. Infect. 108:483-93
25. Duerr HP, Dietz K, Eichner M. 2005. Determinants of the eradicability of filarial infections: a conceptual approach. Trends Parasitol. 21:88-96
26. Dye C. 1992. Does facilitation imply a threshold for eradication of lymphatic filariasis? Parasitol. Today 8:109-10
27. Ephantus MJ, Mbogo CM, Mwangangi JM, Ng'ang'a ZW, Kabiru EW, et al. 2006. Concomitant infections of Plasmodium falciparum and Wuchereria bancrofti on the Kenyan coast. Filaria J. 5:8
28. Gillies MT, Coetzee M. 1987. A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical region). Johannesburg: S. Afr. Inst. Med. Res. Publ. 55:1-139
29. Hairston NG, Meillon BD. 1968. On the inefficiency of transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti from mosquito to human host. Bull. WHO 38:935-41
30. Hii JL, Kanai L, Foligela A, Kan SK, Burkot TR, Wirtz RA. 1993. Impact of permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets compared with DDT house-spraying against malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti and An. punctulatus in the Solomon Islands. Med. Vet. Entomol. 7:333-38
31. Hotez P, Raff S, Fenwick A, Richards F Jr, Molyneux DH. 2007. Recent progress in integrated neglected tropical disease control. Trends Parasitol. 23:511-14
32. Hougard JM, Mbentengam R, Lochouarn L, Escaffre H, Darriet F, et al. 1993. Lutte coutre Culex quinquefasciatus par Bacillus sphaericus. Résultants d'une campagne dans une grand aggliomération urbaine d'Afrique équatoriale. Bull. WHO 71:367-75
33. Iyengar M, De Rook H, Van Dijk W. 1959. Interruption of transmission of Anopheles-borne filariasis by indoor residual spraying in Netherlands New Guinea. Trop. Geogr. Med. 11:287-90
34. Joseph C, Menon MAU, Unithan KR, Raman S. 1963. Studies on the comparative hospitality of Salvinia auriculata Aubet and Pistia stratiotes Linn., to Mansonia annulifera (Theobald) in Kerala. Indian J. Malariol. 17:311
35. Kelly-Hope LA, Diggle PJ, Rowlingson BS, Gyapong JO, Kyelem D, et al. 2006. Short communication: negative spatial association between lymphatic filariasis and malaria in West Africa. Trop. Med. Int. Health 11:129-35
36. Kere NK, Arabola A, Bakote'e B, Qalo O, Burkot TR, et al. 1996. Permethrin-impregnated bed-nets are more effective than DDT house-spraying to control malaria in Solomon Islands. Med. Vet. Entomol. 10:145-48
37. MacDonald WW. 1991. Control of Culex quinquefasciatus in Myanmar (Burma) and India: 1960-1990. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 85:165-72
38. Maxwell CA, Curtis CF, Haji H, Kisumku S, Thalib AI, Yahya SA. 1990. Control of Bancroftian filariasis by integrating therapy with vector control using polystyrene beads in wet pit latrines. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:709-14
39. Maxwell CA, Mohammed K, Kisumku U, Curtis CF. 1999. Can vector control play a useful supplementary role against Bancroftian filariasis? Bull. WHO 77:138-43
40. May RM. 1977. Thresholds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states. Nature 269:471-77
41. May RM. 1977. Togetherness among schistosomes - effects on dynamics of infection. Math. Biosci. 35:301-43
42. Michael E, Bundy DA, Grenfell BT. 1996. Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112:409-28
43. Michael E, Bundy DAP. 1997. Global mapping of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitol. Today 13:472-76
44. Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Kabali C, Snow LC, Kazura JW. 2006. Mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control: endpoints and optimal interventions. Trends Parasitol. 22:226-33
45. Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Kazura JW. 2007. Epidemiological modelling for monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis control. Adv. Parasitol. 65:191-237
46. Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, et al. 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 4:223-34
47. Minjas JN. 1984. Control of Culex quinquefasciatus in pit latrines: reducing costs through selective larvi-ciding. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78:847-48
48. Molyneux DH, Nantulya VM. 2004. Linking disease control programmes in rural Africa: a propoor strategy to reach Abuja targets and millennium development goals. Br. Med. J. 328:1129-32
49. Molyneux DH, Zagaria N. 2002. Lymphatic filariasis elimination: progress in global programme development. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 96(Suppl. 2):S15-40
50. Nathan MB, Toney S, Bramble S, Reid V. 1996. Control of Culex quinquefasciatus in pit latrines, using shredded, waste polystyrene. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 90:207-12
51. Nelson GS. 1978. Mosquito-borne filariasis. In Medical Entomology Centenary Symposium Proceedings, ed. S Willmott, pp. 15-25. London: R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.
52. Norman RA, Chan MS, Srividya A, Pani SP, Ramaiah KD, et al. 2000. EPIFIL: the development of an age-structured model for describing the transmission dynamics and control of lymphatic filariasis. Epidemiol. Infect. 124:529-41
53. Ottesen EA. 2000. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. Trop. Med. Int. Health 5:591-94
54. Pedersen EM, Mukoko DA. 2002. Impact of insecticide-treated materials on filaria transmission by the various species of vector mosquito in Africa. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 96(Suppl. 2):S91-95
55. Pichon G. 2002. Limitation and facilitation in the vectors and other aspects of the dynamics of filarial transmission: the need for vector control against Anopheles-transmitted filariasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 96(Suppl. 2):S143-52
56. Pichon G, Perrault G, Laigret J. 1974. Rendement parasitaire chez les vecteurs de filarioses. Bull. WHO 51:517-24
57. Plaisier AP, Stolk WA, van Oortmarssen GJ, Habbema JD. 2000. Effectiveness of annual ivermectin treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Parasitol. Today 16:298-302
58. Prasittisuk C. 2002. Vector-control synergies, between 'roll back malaria' and the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, in Southeast Asia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 96(Suppl. 2):S 133-37
59. Rajagopalan PK, Panicker KN, Das PK. 1987. Control of malaria and filariasis vectors in south India. Parasitol. Today 3:233-41
60. Rajagopalan PK, Panicker KN, Pani SP. 1989. Impact of 50 years of vector control on the prevalence of Brugia malayi in Shertallai area of Kerala state. Indian J. Med. Res. 89:418-25
61. Ramalingam S. 1968. The epidemiology of filarial transmission in Samoa and Tonga. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 62:305-24
62. Ravindran B, Sahoo PK, Dash AP. 1998. Lymphatic filariasis and malaria: concomitant parasitism in Orissa, India. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92:21-23
63. Reiter P. 1978. Expandable polystyrene balls: an idea for mosquito control. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 72:595-96
64. Reuben R, Rajendran R, Sunish IP, Mani TR, Tewari SC, et al. 2001. Annual single dose diethylcarba-mazine (DEC) plus ivermectin (IVR) for control of Bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy with and without vector control. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 95:361-78
65. Rodriguez M, Ortiz E, Bisset JA, Hemingway J, Saledo E. 1993. Changes in malathion and pyrethroid resistance after cypermethrin selection of Culex quinquefasciatus field populations of Cuba. Med. Vet. Entomol. 7:117-21
66. Sasa M. 1976. Human Filariasis. Tokyo: Univ. Tokyo Press. 819 pp.
67. Scheiber P, Braun-Munzinger RA. 1976. Bancroftian filariasis in Togo. 1. A comparative field study of the membrane filtration concentration technique and conventional blood films. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 27:224-28
68. Schwab AE, Boakye DA, Kyelem D, Prichard RK. 2005. Detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations in the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti and evidence for selection by albendazole and ivermectin combination treatment. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73:234-38
69. Service MW. 1978. Patrick Manson and the story of Bancroftian filariasis. In Medical Entomology Centenary Symposium Proceedings, ed. S Willmott, pp. 11-14. London: R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.
70. Snow LC, Bockarie MJ, Michael E. 2006. Transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis: vector-specific density dependence in the development of Wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae in mosquitoes. Med. Vet. Entomol. 20:261-72
71. Southgate BA. 1984. Recent advances in the epidemiology and control of filarial infections including entomological aspects of transmission. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78:19-28
72. Southgate BA, Bryan JH. 1992. Factors affecting transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 4. Facilitation, limitation, proportionality and their epidemiological significance. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86:523-30
73. Sunish IP, Rajendran R, Mani TR, Munirathinam A, Dash AP, Tyagi BK. 2007. Vector control complements mass drug administration against Bancroftian filariasis in Tirukoilur, India. Bull. WHO 85:138-45
74. Wada Y, Kimura E, Takagi M, Tsuda Y. 1995. Facilitation in Anopheles and spontaneous disappearance of filariasis: Has the concept been verified with sufficient evidence? Trop. Med. Parasitol. 46:27-30
75. Webber RH. 1975. Theoretical considerations in the vector control of filariasis. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 6:544-48
76. Webber RH. 1975. Vector control of filariasis in the Solomon Islands. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 6:430-34
77. Webber RH. 1977. The natural decline of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in a vector control situation in the Solomon Islands. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71:396-400
78. Webber RH. 1979. Eradication of Wuchereria bancrofti infection through vector control. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73:722-24
79. Webber RH. 1991. Can anopheline-transmitted filariasis be eradicated? J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94:241-44
80. Weerasooriya MV, Munasinghe CS, Mudalige MP, Curtis CF, Samarawickrema WA. 1996. Comparative efficacy of house curtains impregnated with permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin or bendiocarb against the vector of Bancroftian filariasis, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Matara, Sri Lanka. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90:103-4
81. White GB. 1989. Lymphatic filariasis. In Geographic Distribution of Arthropod-borne Diseases and Their Principal Vectors, pp. 23-34. Geneva: World Health Organ. Vector Biol. Control Div. WHO/VBC/89.967
82. WHO. 1984. Lymphatic filariasis: 4th report of the WHO Expert Committee on Filariasis. WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 702. 112 pp.
83. WHO. 1999. Building Partnerships for Lymphatic Filariasis. Strategic Plan. Sept. Doc. WHO/FIL/99.198. Geneva: World Health Organ. 64 pp.
84. WHO. 2000. Eliminate Filariasis: Attack Poverty. The Global Alliance to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. Proc. 1st Meet., Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 4-5 May. Doc. WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.5. Geneva: World Health Organ. 41 pp.
85. WHO. 2004. Lymphatic filariasis: progress of disability prevention activities. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 47:417-24
86. WHO. 2007. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 82:361-80
87. Yamey G. 2000. Global alliance launches plan to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Br. Med. J. 320:269