Multimodality imaging: An update on PET/CT technology

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Volumn 36, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2009, Pages 15-29

  Mawlawi, Osama ^a   Townsend, David W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Lesion segmentation; Motion correction; Multimodality imaging; Partial volume averaging; PET CT; PET MRI; Therapy planning; Time of flight

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT; TRACER;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOTHERAPY; HUMAN; IMAGE QUALITY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATIENT MONITORING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION ATTENUATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR VOLUME;

ANIMALS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 60549091544     PISSN: 16197070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-1016-6     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. T Beyer DW Townsend T Brun PE Kinahan M Charron R Roddy 2000 A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology J Nucl Med 41 1369 1379
2. M Charron T Beyer NN Bohnen PE Kinahan M Dachille J Jerin 2000 Image analysis in patients with cancer studied with a combined PET and CT scanner Clin Nucl Med 25 905 910
3. CC Meltzer JD Luketich D Friedman M Charron D Strollo M Meehan 2000 Whole-body FDG positron emission tomographic imaging for staging esophageal cancer comparison with computed tomography Clin Nucl Med 25 882 887
4. PG Kluetz CC Meltzer VL Villemagne PE Kinahan S Chander MA Martinelli 2000 Combined PET/CT imaging in oncology. Impact on patient management Clin Positron Imaging 3 223 230
5. DW Townsend T Beyer TM Blodgett 2003 PET/CT scanners: a hardware approach to image fusion Semin Nucl Med 33 193 204
6. PE Kinahan DW Townsend T Beyer D Sashin 1998 Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner Med Phys 25 2046 2053
7. PE Kinahan BH Hasegawa T Beyer 2003 X-ray-based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanners Semin Nucl Med 33 166 179
8. CC Watson DW Townsend B Bendriem 2004
9. C Burger G Goerres S Schoenes A Buck AH Lonn GK Von Schulthess 2002 PET attenuation coefficients from CT images: experimental evaluation of the transformation of CT into PET 511-keV attenuation coefficients Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29 922 927
10. CC Watson V Rappoport D Faul DW Townsend JP Carney 2006 A method for calibrating the CT-based attenuation correction of PET in human tissue IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 53 102 107
11. JP Carney DW Townsend 2006
12. TF Budinger 1983 Time-of-flight positron emission tomography: status relative to conventional PET J Nucl Med 24 73 78
13. S Surti A Kuhn ME Werner AE Perkins J Kolthammer JS Karp 2007 Performance of Philips Gemini TF PET/CT scanner with special consideration for its time-of-flight imaging capabilities J Nucl Med 48 471 480
14. M Conti DW Townsend M Casey C Lois BW Jakoby MJ Long 2008 Assessment of the clinical potential of a time-of-flight PET/CT scanner with less than 600 ps timing resolution J Nucl Med 49 411
15. G Muehllehner JS Karp 2006 Positron emission tomography Phys Med Biol 51 R117 R137
16. Jakoby BW, Bercier Y, Watson CC, Rappoport V, Young J, Bendriem DW. Physical performance and clinical workflow of a new LSO HI-REZ PET/CT scanner. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2006, IEEE, vol. 5, p 3130-4.
17. DW Townsend B Jakoby MJ Long C Carr K Hubner C Guglielmo 2007 Performance and clinical workflow of a new combined PET/CT scanner J Nucl Med 48 437
18. P Kinahan JG Rodgers 1989 Analytic 3D image reconstruction using all detected events IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 36 964 968
19. M Defrise PE Kinahan DW Townsend C Michel M Sibomana DF Newport 1997 Exact and approximate rebinning algorithms for 3-D PET data IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16 145 158
20. HM Hudson RS Larkin 1994 Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data IEEE Trans Med Imaging 13 601 609
21. C Comtat P Kinahan M Defrise C Michel DW Townsend 1998 Fast reconstruction of 3D PET data with accurate statistical modeling IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 45 1083 1089
22. Comtat C, Bataille F, Michel C, Jones JP, Sibomana M, Janeiro L, et al. OSEM-3D reconstruction strategies for the ECAT HRRT. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2004, IEEE, vol. 6, p 3492-6.
23. X Liu C Comtat C Michel P Kinahan M Defrise D Townsend 2001 Comparison of 3-D reconstruction with 3D-OSEM and with FORE+OSEM for PET IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20 804 814
24. VY Panin F Kehren C Michel M Casey 2006 Fully 3-D PET reconstruction with system matrix derived from point source measurements IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25 907 921
25. R de Juan B Seifert T Berthold GK von Schulthess GW Goerres 2004 Clinical evaluation of a breathing protocol for PET/CT Eur Radiol 14 1118 1123
26. GJ Klein BW Reutter MH Ho JH Reed RH Huesman 1998 Real-time system for respiratory-cardiac gating in positron tomography IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 45 2139 2143
27. SA Nehmeh YE Erdi CC Ling KE Rosenzweig H Schoder SM Larson 2002 Effect of respiratory gating on quantifying PET images of lung cancer J Nucl Med 43 876 881
28. SA Nehmeh YE Erdi KE Rosenzweig H Schoder SM Larson OD Squire 2003 Reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in PET imaging of lung cancer by respiratory correlated dynamic PET: methodology and comparison with respiratory gated PET J Nucl Med 44 1644 1648
29. B Thorndyke E Schreibmann P Maxim B Loo A Boyer A Koong 2005 Enhancing 4D PET through retrospective stacking Med Phys 32 2094
30. GJ Klein RH Huesman 2002 Four-dimensional processing of deformable cardiac PET data Med Image Anal 6 29 46
31. L Livieratos L Stegger PM Bloomfield K Schafers DL Bailey PG Camici 2005 Rigid-body transformation of list-mode projection data for respiratory motion correction in cardiac PET Phys Med Biol 50 3313 3322
32. F Lamare T Cresson J Savean C Cheze Le Rest AJ Reader D Visvikis 2007 Respiratory motion correction for PET oncology applications using affine transformation of list mode data Phys Med Biol 52 121 140
33. Lalush DS, Cui L, Tsui B. A priori motion models for four-dimensional reconstruction in gated cardiac SPECT. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 1996, IEEE, vol. 3.
34. Qi J, Huesmans RH. List mode reconstruction for PET with motion compensation: a simulation study. Proceedings Nuclear Symposium Biological Imaging Conference, 2002, p 413-6.
35. DR Gilland BA Mair JE Bowsher RJ Jaszczak 2002 Simulations reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 49 2344 2349
36. Cao Z, GD R, Mair BA, Jaszczak RJ. Three-dimensional motion estimation with image reconstruction for gated cardiac. ECT IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2003;50:384-8.
37. Jacobson MW, Fessler JA. Joint estimation of image and deformation parameters in motion-correction PET. Nuclear Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, 2004, IEEE, vol. 5, p 3290-4.
38. A Rahmim P Bloomfield S Houle M Lenox C Michel KR Buckley 2004 Motion compensation in histogram-mode and list-mode EM reconstructions: beyond the event-driven approach IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 51 2588 2596
39. Gilland DR, Mair BA, Sun J. Joint 4D reconstruction and motion estimation in gated cardiac ECT. Proceedings of the Eighth International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Salt Lake City, 6-9 July 2005. p 303-6.
40. E Gravier Y Yang 2005 Motion-compensated reconstruction of tomographic image sequences IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 51 51 56
41. F Qiao T Pan JW Clark Jr OR Mawlawi 2006 A motion-incorporated reconstruction method for gated PET studies Phys Med Biol 51 3769 3783
42. SA Nehmeh YE Erdi G Meirelles 2006 Deep-inspiration breathhold PET/CT of the thorax J Nucl Med 48 22 26
43. G Meirelles YE Erdi SA Nehmeh 2006 Deep-inspiration breathhold PET/CT: clinical findings with a new technique for detection and characterization of thoracic lesions J Nucl Med 48 712 719
44. T Kawano E Ohtake T Inoue 2008 Deep-inspiration breath hold PET/CT of lung cancer: maximum standardized uptake value analysis of 108 patients J Nucl Med 49 1223 1231
45. M Soret SL Bacharach I Buvat 2007 Partial volume effect in PET tumor imaging J Nucl Med 48 932
46. K Mah CB Caldwell YC Ung CE Danjoux JM Balogh SN Ganguli 2002 The impact of (18)FDG-PET on target and critical organs in CT-based treatment planning of patients with poorly defined non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a prospective study Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52 339 350
47. U Nestle K Walter S Schmidt N Licht C Nieder B Motaref 1999 18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for the planning of radiotherapy in lung cancer: high impact in patients with atelectasis Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44 593 597
48. QC Black IS Grills LL Kestin CY Wong JW Wong AA Martinez 2004 Defining a radiotherapy target with positron emission tomography Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 1272 1282
49. KJ Biehl FM Kong F Dehdashti JY Jin S Mutic I El Naqa 2006 18F-FDG PET definition of gross tumor volume for radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer: is a single standardized uptake value threshold approach appropriate? J Nucl Med 47 1808 1812
50. U Nestle S Kremp A Schaefer-Schuler C Sebastian-Welsch D Hellwig C Rube 2005 Comparison of different methods for delineation of 18F-FDG PET-positive tissue for target volume definition in radiotherapy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer J Nucl Med 46 1342 1348
51. YE Erdi O Mawlawi SM Larson M Imbriaco H Yeung R Finn 1997 Segmentation of lung lesion volume by adaptive positron emission tomography image thresholding Cancer 80 12 Suppl 2505 2509
52. JF Daisne M Sibomana A Bol T Doumont M Lonneux V Gregoire 2003 Tri-dimensional automatic segmentation of PET volumes based on measured source-to-background ratios: influence of reconstruction algorithms Radiother Oncol 69 247 250
53. W Jentzen L Freudenberg EG Eising M Heinze W Brandau A Bockisch 2007 Segmentation of PET volumes by iterative image thresholding J Nucl Med 48 108 114
54. L Drever W Roa A McEwan D Robinson 2007 Iterative threshold segmentation for PET target volume delineation Med Phys 34 1253 1265
55. YE Erdi SA Nehmeh T Pan A Pevsner KE Rosenzweig G Mageras 2004 The CT motion quantitation of lung lesions and its impact on PET-measured SUVs J Nucl Med 45 1287 1292
56. T Pan O Mawlawi SA Nehmeh YE Erdi D Luo HH Liu 2005 Attenuation correction of PET images with respiration-averaged CT images in PET/CT J Nucl Med 46 1481 1487
57. D Delbeke RE Coleman MJ Guiberteau ML Brown HD Royal BA Siegel 2006 Procedure guideline for tumor imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT 1.0 J Nucl Med 47 885 895
58. M Defrise ME Casey C Michel M Conti 2005 Fourier rebinning of time-of-flight PET data Phys Med Biol 50 2749 2763
59. S Vandenberghe ME Daube-Witherspoon RM Lewitt JS Karp 2006 Fast reconstruction of 3D time-of-flight PET data by axial rebinning and transverse mashing Phys Med Biol 51 1603 1621
60. S Cho Q Li S Ahn B Bai RM Leahy 2007 Iterative image reconstruction using inverse fourier rebinning for fully 3-D PET IEEE Trans Med Imaging 26 347 358
61. CM Kao 2008 Windowed image reconstruction for time-of-flight positron emission tomography Phys Med Biol 53 3431 3445
62. J Czernin MA Auerbach 2005 Clinical PET/CT imaging: promises and misconceptions Nuklearmedizin 44 Suppl 1 S18 23
63. J Czernin M Allen-Auerbach HR Schelbert 2007 Improvements in cancer staging with PET/CT: literature-based evidence as of September 2006 J Nucl Med 48 Suppl 1 78S 88S
64. WA Weber AL Grosu J Czernin 2008 Technology insight: advances in molecular imaging and an appraisal of PET/CT scanning Nat Clin Pract Oncol 5 160 170
65. BE Hillner BA Siegel D Liu AF Shields IF Gareen L Hanna 2008 Impact of positron emission tomography/computed tomography and positron emission tomography (PET) alone on expected management of patients with cancer: initial results from the National Oncologic PET Registry J Clin Oncol 26 2155 2161
66. V Gregoire K Haustermans X Geets S Roels M Lonneux 2007 PET-based treatment planning in radiotherapy: a new standard? J Nucl Med 48 Suppl 1 68S 77S
67. G Antoch N Saoudi H Kuehl G Dahmen SP Mueller T Beyer 2004 Accuracy of whole-body dual-modality fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for tumor staging in solid tumors: comparison with CT and PET J Clin Oncol 22 4357 4368
68. IF Ciernik E Dizendorf BG Baumert B Reiner C Burger JB Davis 2003 Radiation treatment planning with an integrated positron emission and computer tomography (PET/CT): a feasibility study Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57 853 863
69. CC Ling J Humm S Larson H Amols Z Fuks S Leibel 2000 Towards multidimensional radiotherapy (MD-CRT): biological imaging and biological conformality Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47 551 560
70. DL Schwartz EC Ford J Rajendran B Yueh MD Coltrera J Virgin 2005 FDG-PET/CT-guided intensity modulated head and neck radiotherapy: a pilot investigation Head Neck 27 478 487
71. MD Gilman AJ Fischman V Krishnasetty EF Halpern SL Aquino 2007 Hybrid PET/CT of the thorax: when is computer registration necessary? J Comput Assist Tomogr 31 395 401
72. C Greco K Rosenzweig GL Cascini O Tamburrini 2007 Current status of PET/CT for tumour volume definition in radiotherapy treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Lung Cancer 57 125 134
73. C Messa GL Ceresoli G Rizzo D Artioli M Cattaneo P Castellone 2005 Feasibility of [18F]FDG-PET and coregistered CT on clinical target volume definition of advanced non-small cell lung cancer Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49 259 266
74. E Deniaud-Alexandre E Touboul D Lerouge D Grahek JN Foulquier Y Petegnief 2005 Impact of computed tomography and 18F-deoxyglucose coincidence detection emission tomography image fusion for optimization of conformal radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 1432 1441
75. SR Cherry 2006 The 2006 Henry N. Wagner Lecture: Of mice and men (and positrons)-advances in PET imaging technology J Nucl Med 47 1735 1745
76. DW Townsend 2008 Multimodality imaging of structure and function Phys Med Biol 53 R1 R39
77. W Wong Y Zhang S Liu H Li H Baghaei RA Ramirez 2008 Feasibility studies of an affordable high resolution 1 meter long PET J Nucl Med 49 Suppl 1 4110
78. M Conti B Bendriemj M Casey 2006 Performance of a high sensitivity PET scanner based on LSO panel detectors IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 53 1136 1142
79. M Watanabe K Shimuzu T Omura 2004 A high-throughput whole-body PET scanner using flat panel PS-PMTs IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 51 796 800
80. SE Derenzo 1986 Mathematical removal of positron range blurring in high-resolution tomography IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 33 565 569
81. WW Moses SE Derenzo CL Melcher RA Manente 1995 A room temperature LSO/Pin photodiode PET detector module that measures depth of interaction IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 42 1085 1089
82. M Dahlbom LR MacDonald L Eriksson M Paulus M Andreaco ME Casey 1998 Performance of a YSO/LSO phoswitch detector for use in a PET/SPECT system IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 44 1114 1119
83. K Wienhard M Schmand ME Casey K Baker J Bao L Eriksson 2002 The ECAT HRRT: performance and first clinical application of the new high resolution research tomograph IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 49 104 110
84. GL Stocklin 1998 Is there a future for clinical fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals (excluding FDG)? Eur J Nucl Med 25 1612 1616
85. L Varagnolo MP Stokkel U Mazzi EK Pauwels 2000 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for PET in oncology, excluding FDG Nucl Med Biol 27 103 112
86. CY Shiue MJ Welch 2004 Update on PET radiopharmaceuticals: life beyond fluorodeoxyglucose Radiol Clin North Am 42 1033 1053 viii
87. O Couturier A Luxen JF Chatal JP Vuillez P Rigo R Hustinx 2004 Fluorinated tracers for imaging cancer with positron emission tomography Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 1182 1206
88. S Vallabhajosula 2007 18F-labeled positron emission tomographic radiopharmaceuticals in oncology: an overview of radiochemistry and mechanisms of tumor localization Semin Nucl Med 37 400 419
89. AM Groves T Win SB Haim PJ Ell 2007 Non-[18F]FDG PET in clinical oncology Lancet Oncol 8 822 830
90. N Christensen B Hammer B Heil K Fetterly 1995 Positron emission tomography within a magnetic field using phototubes and lightguides Phys Med Biol 40 691 697
91. M Buchanan 1996 A system to obtain radiotracer uptake data simultaneously with NMR spectra in a high field magnet IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 43 2044 2048
92. Y Shao SR Cherry K Farahani R Slates RW Silverman K Meadors 1997 Development of a PET detector system compatible with MRI/NMR systems IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 44 1167 1171
93. R Slates S Cherry A Boutefnouchet Y Shao M Dahlborn K Farahani 1999 Design of a small animal MR compatible PET scanner IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 46 565 570
94. C Catana Y Wu MS Judenhofer J Qi BJ Pichler SR Cherry 2006 Simultaneous acquisition of multislice PET and MR images: initial results with a MR-compatible PET scanner J Nucl Med 47 1968 1976
95. MS Judenhofer C Catana BK Swann SB Siegel WI Jung RE Nutt 2007 PET/MR images acquired with a compact MR-compatible PET detector in a 7-T magnet Radiology 244 807 814
96. BJ Pichler BK Swann J Rochelle RE Nutt SR Cherry SB Siegel 2004 Lutetium oxyorthosilicate block detector readout by avalanche photodiode arrays for high resolution animal PET Phys Med Biol 49 4305 4319
97. BJ Pichler MS Judenhofer C Catana JH Walton M Kneilling RE Nutt 2006 Performance test of an LSO-APD detector in a 7-T MRI scanner for simultaneous PET/MRI J Nucl Med 47 639 647
98. Burbar Z, Graxioso R, Corbeil JL, et al. PET performance of PET/MR brain insert tomograph (abstract). Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, 2006. IEEE, p 116.
99. M Schmand Z Burbar J Corbeil N Zhang C Michael L Byars 2007 BrainPET: first human tomograph for simultaneous (functional) PET and MR imaging J Nucl Med 48 Suppl 2 45P
100. HP Schlemmer BJ Pichler M Schmand Z Burbar C Michel R Ladebeck 2008 Simultaneous PET/MR imaging of the human brain: feasibility study Radiology 248 1028 1035
101. Kops RR, Qin P, Mueller-Veggian M, Herzog H. Attenuation correction of PET scanning based on MR images. Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, 2006, IEEE.
102. Hofmann M, Steinke F, Scheel V, Charpiat G, Brady M, Schoelkopf B, et al. MR-based PET attenuation correction - method and validation (abstract). Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, 2007, IEEE, M16-6.
103. H Zaidi O Mawlawi CG Orton 2007 Point/counterpoint. Simultaneous PET/MR will replace PET/CT as the molecular multimodality imaging platform of choice Med Phys 34 1525 1528