Children's and adolescents' perception of the authenticity of smiles

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

Volumn 102, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 360-367

  Thibault, Pascal ^a   Gosselin, Pierre ^b   Brunel, Marie Lise ^a   Hess, Ursula ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Authenticity; Duchenne smile; Emotion; Facial expressions

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MALE; PERCEPTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; VISION;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SMILING; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; TRUTH DISCLOSURE; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 60549089961     PISSN: 00220965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2008.08.005     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Banerjee M. Hidden emotion: Preschoolers' knowledge of appearance-reality and emotion display rules. Social Cognition 15 (1997) 107-132
2. Beaupré, M. G., Hess, U. (2005). Montreal set of facial displays of emotion [CD]. Available from U. Hess, Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal.
3. Boyatzis C.J., Chazan E., and Ting C.Z. Preschool children's decoding of facial emotions. Journal of Genetic Psychology 154 (1993) 375-382
4. Bugental D.B. Unmasking the "polite smile": Situational and personal determinants of managed affect in adult-child interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 12 (1986) 7-16
5. Bugental D.B., Kaswan J.W., Love L.R., and Fox M.N. Child versus adult perception of evaluative messages in verbal, vocal, and visual channels. Developmental Psychology 2 (1970) 367-375
6. Camras L., and Allison K. Children's understanding of emotional facial expressions and verbal labels. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 9 (1985) 84-94
7. Denham S.A. Emotional development in young children (1998), Guilford, New York
8. Ducci L., Arcuri L., Georgis T.W., and Sineshaw T. Emotion recognition in Ethiopia: The effect of familiarity with Western culture on accuracy recognition. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 13 (1982) 340-351
9. Duchenne, G. B. (1990). The mechanism of human facial expression. In R. A. Cuthbertson (Ed. and Trans.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1862).
10. Ekman P., Davidson R.J., and Friesen W. The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology (part 2). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58 (1990) 342-353
11. Ekman P., and Friesen W.V. Facial action coding system: A technique for the measurement of facial action (1978), Consulting Psychologists, Palo Alto, CA
12. Ekman P., and Friesen W.V. Measuring facial movement with the facial action coding system. In: Ekman P. (Ed). Emotion in the human face (1982), Cambridge University Press, New York 178-211
13. Elfenbein H.-A., and Ambady N. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 128 (2002) 203-235
14. Elfenbein H.-A., and Ambady N. When familiarity breeds accuracy: Cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (2003) 276-290
15. Elfenbein H.A., Beaupré M., Lévesque M., and Hess U. Toward a dialect theory: Cultural differences in expressing and recognizing facial expressions. Emotion 7 (2007) 131-146
16. Field T.M., Woodson R., Greenberg R., and Cohen D. Discrimination and imitation of facial expression by neonates. Science 218 (1982) 179-181
17. Frank M.G., Ekman P., and Friesen W.V. Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 (1993) 83-93
18. Gosselin P., Beaupré M.G., and Boissonneault A. Perception of genuine and masking smiles in children and adults: Sensitivity to traces of anger. Journal of Genetic Psychology 163 (2002) 58-71
19. Gosselin P., Perron M., Legault M., and Campanella P. Children's and adults' knowledge of the distinction between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 26 (2003) 83-108
20. Gross D., and Harris P.L. False beliefs about emotion: Children's understanding of misleading emotional displays. International Journal of Behavioral Development 11 (1988) 475-488
21. Hecht M.A., and LaFrance M. License or obligation to smile: The effect of power and sex on amount and type of smiling. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 (1998) 1332-1342
22. Hertenstein M.J., and Campos J.J. The retention effects of an adult's emotional displays on infant behavior. Child Development 75 (2004) 595-613
23. Hess U., Banse R., and Kappas A. The intensity of facial expression is determined by underlying affective state and social situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 280-288
24. Hess U., Beaupré M., and Cheung N. Who to whom and why: Cultural differences and similarities in the function of smiles. In: Abel M.H. (Ed). An empirical reflection on the smile (2003), Edwin Mellen, New York 187-216
25. Jakobs E., Manstead A.S.R., and Fischer A.H. Social motives and subjective determinants of facial displays: The case of smiling. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 (1999) 424-436
26. Josephs I.E. Display rule behavior and understanding in preschool children. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 18 (1994) 301-326
27. Klinnert M. The regulation of infant behavior by maternal facial expression. Infant Behavior and Development 7 (1984) 447-465
28. Kraut R.E. Verbal and nonverbal cues in the perception of lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 (1978) 380-391
29. Kraut R.E. Human as lie detectors: Some second thoughts. Journal of Communication 30 (1980) 209-216
30. Meltzoff A.N., and Moore M.K. Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science 198 (1977) 75-78
31. Meltzoff A.N., and Moore M.K. Newborn infants imitate adult facial gestures. Child Development 54 (1983) 702-709
32. Meltzoff A.N., and Moore M.K. Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical model. Early Development and Parenting 6 (1997) 179-192
33. Mumme D.L., and Fernald A. The infant as onlooker: Learning from emotional reactions observed in a television scenario. Child Development 74 (2003) 221-237
34. Saarni C. The development of emotional competence (1999), Guilford, New York
35. Soppe H.J.G. Age differences in the decoding of affect authenticity and intensity. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 12 (1988) 107-119
36. Sorce J.F., Emde R.N., Campos J., and Klinnert M.D. Maternal emotional signaling: Its effects on the visual cliff behavior of 1-year-olds. Developmental Psychology 21 (1985) 195-200
37. Thibault, P., Levesque, M., Gosselin, P., Hess, U. (2007). Wrinkles around the eyes or not? A cultural dialect for smile authenticity. Unpublished manuscript, University of Quebec at Montreal.
38. Tzeng O.C.S., and Jackson J.W. Effects of contact, conflict, and social identity on interethnic group hostilities. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 18 (1994) 259-276
39. Widen S.C., and Russell J.A. A closer look at preschoolers' freely produced labels for facial expressions. Developmental Psychology 39 (2003) 114-128
40. Widen S.C., and Russell J.A. Young children's understanding of other's emotion. In: Lewis M., and Haviland J.M. (Eds). Handbook of emotions (2008), Guilford, New York 348-363