메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 141, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 194-210

Modifying the 'pulse-reserve' paradigm for deserts of North America: Precipitation pulses, soil water, and plant responses

Author keywords

Antecedent soil moisture; Primary production; Simulation model; Storms

Indexed keywords

RAIN; WATER;

EID: 6044250564     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1524-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (611)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 6044221967 scopus 로고
    • A simulation model using environmental cues to predict phenologies of winter and summer annuals in the northern Chihuahuan Desert
    • Marani A (ed) Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Bachelet D, Wondzell SM, Reynolds JF (1988) A simulation model using environmental cues to predict phenologies of winter and summer annuals in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. In: Marani A (ed) Advances in environmental modelling. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 235-260
    • (1988) Advances in Environmental Modelling , pp. 235-260
    • Bachelet, D.1    Wondzell, S.M.2    Reynolds, J.F.3
  • 2
    • 0000300305 scopus 로고
    • Phenological events and their environmental triggers in Mojave desert ecosystems
    • Beatley JC (1974) Phenological events and their environmental triggers in Mojave desert ecosystems. Ecology 55:856-863
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 856-863
    • Beatley, J.C.1
  • 3
    • 0029660490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between three Chihuahuan desert species: Evidence from plant size-distance relations and root distribution
    • Briones O, Montaña C, Ezcurra E (1996) Competition between three Chihuahuan desert species: evidence from plant size-distance relations and root distribution. J Veg Sci 7:453-460
    • (1996) J Veg Sci , vol.7 , pp. 453-460
    • Briones, O.1    Montaña, C.2    Ezcurra, E.3
  • 4
    • 0029433492 scopus 로고
    • Desert grassland, mixed shrub savanna, shrub steppe, or semidesert scrub? The dilemma of coexisting growth forms
    • McClaran MP, Van Devender TR (eds) The University of Arizona Press, Tucson
    • Burgess TL (1995) Desert grassland, mixed shrub savanna, shrub steppe, or semidesert scrub? The dilemma of coexisting growth forms. In: McClaran MP, Van Devender TR (eds) The desert grassland. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 31-67
    • (1995) The Desert Grassland , pp. 31-67
    • Burgess, T.L.1
  • 6
    • 0031053851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GePSi: A generic plant simulator based on object-oriented principles
    • Chen J-L, Reynolds JF (1997) GePSi: a generic plant simulator based on object-oriented principles. Ecol Model 94:53-66
    • (1997) Ecol Model , vol.94 , pp. 53-66
    • Chen, J.-L.1    Reynolds, J.F.2
  • 7
    • 84995104923 scopus 로고
    • Temporal hierarchies of variation and the maintenance of diversity
    • Chesson P, Huntly N (1993) Temporal hierarchies of variation and the maintenance of diversity. Plant Species Biol 8:195-206
    • (1993) Plant Species Biol , vol.8 , pp. 195-206
    • Chesson, P.1    Huntly, N.2
  • 8
    • 34249985464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to PROC LOESS for local regression
    • SAS Institute, Cary, N.C.
    • Cohen RA (1999) An introduction to PROC LOESS for local regression. (SUGI Proceedings) SAS Institute, Cary, N.C. http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/SAS/ library/
    • (1999) SUGI Proceedings
    • Cohen, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 0027026937 scopus 로고
    • A computational study of episodic events and historical context in long-term ecological process: Climate and grazing in the northern Chihuahuan Desert
    • Conley W, Conley MR, Karl TR (1992) A computational study of episodic events and historical context in long-term ecological process: climate and grazing in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Coenoses 7:55-60
    • (1992) Coenoses , vol.7 , pp. 55-60
    • Conley, W.1    Conley, M.R.2    Karl, T.R.3
  • 10
    • 0029731078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of a grassland cactus to frequency and size of rainfall events in a North American shortgrass steppe
    • Dougherty RL, Lauenroth WK, Singh JS (1996) Response of a grassland cactus to frequency and size of rainfall events in a North American shortgrass steppe. J Ecol 84:177-183
    • (1996) J Ecol , vol.84 , pp. 177-183
    • Dougherty, R.L.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2    Singh, J.S.3
  • 12
    • 0343091288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential growth and drought tolerance of eight desert grasses: Lack of a trade-off?
    • Fernández RJ, Reynolds JF (2000) Potential growth and drought tolerance of eight desert grasses: lack of a trade-off? Oecologia 123:90-98
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.123 , pp. 90-98
    • Fernández, R.J.1    Reynolds, J.F.2
  • 14
    • 0025660843 scopus 로고
    • Influence of root distribution and growth on predicted water uptake and interspecific competition
    • Franco AC, Nobel PS (1991) Influence of root distribution and growth on predicted water uptake and interspecific competition. Oecologia 82:151-157
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.82 , pp. 151-157
    • Franco, A.C.1    Nobel, P.S.2
  • 15
    • 0021023156 scopus 로고
    • Some relationships between environmental reliability and seed dormancy in desert annual plants
    • Freas KE, Kemp PR (1983) Some relationships between environmental reliability and seed dormancy in desert annual plants. J Ecol 71:211-217
    • (1983) J Ecol , vol.71 , pp. 211-217
    • Freas, K.E.1    Kemp, P.R.2
  • 16
    • 0242275325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical shrub-grass transitions in the northern Chihuahuan Desert: Modeling the effects of shifting rainfall seasonally and event size over a landscape gradient
    • Gao Q, Reynolds JF (2003) Historical shrub-grass transitions in the northern Chihuahuan Desert: modeling the effects of shifting rainfall seasonally and event size over a landscape gradient. Glob Change Biol 9:1-19
    • (2003) Glob Change Biol , vol.9 , pp. 1-19
    • Gao, Q.1    Reynolds, J.F.2
  • 17
    • 0001428514 scopus 로고
    • Changes in grass basal area and forb densities over a 64-year period on grassland types of the Jornada Experimental Range
    • Gibbens RP, Beck RF (1988) Changes in grass basal area and forb densities over a 64-year period on grassland types of the Jornada Experimental Range. J Range Manage 41:186-192
    • (1988) J Range Manage , vol.41 , pp. 186-192
    • Gibbens, R.P.1    Beck, R.F.2
  • 18
    • 0002131591 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the argillic horizon in desert soils of southern New Mexico
    • Gile LH, Grossman RB (1967) Morphology of the argillic horizon in desert soils of southern New Mexico. Soil Sci 106:6-15
    • (1967) Soil Sci , vol.106 , pp. 6-15
    • Gile, L.H.1    Grossman, R.B.2
  • 19
    • 84936612602 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils
    • Gile LH, Peterson FF, Grossman RB (1966) Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils. Soil Sci 101:347-360
    • (1966) Soil Sci , vol.101 , pp. 347-360
    • Gile, L.H.1    Peterson, F.F.2    Grossman, R.B.3
  • 20
    • 0032078367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil-induced variability in root systems of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) and tarbush (Flourensia cernua)
    • Gile LH, Gibbens RP, Lenz JM (1998) Soil-induced variability in root systems of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) and tarbush (Flourensia cernua). J Arid Environ 39:57-78
    • (1998) J Arid Environ , vol.39 , pp. 57-78
    • Gile, L.H.1    Gibbens, R.P.2    Lenz, J.M.3
  • 21
    • 0002111882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are functional types and how should we seek them?
    • Smith TM, Shugart HH, Woodward FI (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Gitay H, Nobel I (1997) What are functional types and how should we seek them? In: Smith TM, Shugart HH, Woodward FI (eds) Plant functional types: their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 3-19
    • (1997) Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change , pp. 3-19
    • Gitay, H.1    Nobel, I.2
  • 22
    • 0002120709 scopus 로고
    • Components of resource competition in plant communities
    • Grace JB, Tilman D (eds) Academic Press, San Diego
    • Goldberg DE (1990) Components of resource competition in plant communities. In: Grace JB, Tilman D (eds) Perspectives on plant competition. Academic Press, San Diego
    • (1990) Perspectives on Plant Competition
    • Goldberg, D.E.1
  • 23
    • 0031864334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential use of large summer rainfall events by shrubs and grasses: A manipulative experiment in the Patagonian steppe
    • Golluscio RA, Sala OE, Lauenroth WK (1998) Differential use of large summer rainfall events by shrubs and grasses: a manipulative experiment in the Patagonian steppe. Oecologia 115:17-25
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 17-25
    • Golluscio, R.A.1    Sala, O.E.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3
  • 24
    • 0642347965 scopus 로고
    • Probabilities of drought and rainy periods for selected points in the Southwestern United States
    • Institute of Atmospheric Physics (ed) University of Arizona, Tucson
    • Green CR (1960) Probabilities of drought and rainy periods for selected points in the Southwestern United States. In: Institute of Atmospheric Physics (ed) Technical reports on the meteorology and climatology of arid regions. University of Arizona, Tucson, pp 28
    • (1960) Technical Reports on the Meteorology and Climatology of Arid Regions , pp. 28
    • Green, C.R.1
  • 25
    • 0023471011 scopus 로고
    • Soil water regimes of loamy sands and sandy loams on arid rangelands in southern New Mexico
    • Herbel CH, Gibbens RP (1987) Soil water regimes of loamy sands and sandy loams on arid rangelands in southern New Mexico. J Soil Water Conserv 42:442-447
    • (1987) J Soil Water Conserv , vol.42 , pp. 442-447
    • Herbel, C.H.1    Gibbens, R.P.2
  • 26
    • 0024919164 scopus 로고
    • Matric potential of clay loam soils on arid rangelands in southern New Mexico
    • Herbel CH, Gibbens RP (1989) Matric potential of clay loam soils on arid rangelands in southern New Mexico. J Range Manage 42:386-392
    • (1989) J Range Manage , vol.42 , pp. 386-392
    • Herbel, C.H.1    Gibbens, R.P.2
  • 27
    • 0032194604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability in the U. S. summer precipitation regime with emphasis on the southwestern monsoon
    • Higgins RW, Mo KC, Yao Y (1998) Interannual variability in the U. S. summer precipitation regime with emphasis on the southwestern monsoon. J Climatol 11:2582-2606
    • (1998) J Climatol , vol.11 , pp. 2582-2606
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Mo, K.C.2    Yao, Y.3
  • 28
    • 0002826679 scopus 로고
    • Competition between adult and seedling shrubs of Ambrosia dumosa in the Mojave Desert Great Basin
    • Hunter RB (1989) Competition between adult and seedling shrubs of Ambrosia dumosa in the Mojave Desert Great Basin. Nature 49:79-84
    • (1989) Nature , vol.49 , pp. 79-84
    • Hunter, R.B.1
  • 29
    • 0343826056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls of grass and shrub aboveground production in the Patagonian steppe
    • Jobbágy EG, Sala OE (2000) Controls of grass and shrub aboveground production in the Patagonian steppe. Ecol Appl 10:541-549
    • (2000) Ecol Appl , vol.10 , pp. 541-549
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Sala, O.E.2
  • 30
    • 84982682770 scopus 로고
    • Vegetative crop growth model incorporating leaf area expansion and senescence, and applied to grass
    • Johnson IR, Thornley JHM (1983) Vegetative crop growth model incorporating leaf area expansion and senescence, and applied to grass. Plant Cell Environ 6:721-729
    • (1983) Plant Cell Environ , vol.6 , pp. 721-729
    • Johnson, I.R.1    Thornley, J.H.M.2
  • 31
    • 0020921309 scopus 로고
    • Phenological patterns of Chihuahuan Desert plants in relation to the timing of water availability
    • Kemp PR (1983) Phenological patterns of Chihuahuan Desert plants in relation to the timing of water availability. J Ecol 71:427-436
    • (1983) J Ecol , vol.71 , pp. 427-436
    • Kemp, P.R.1
  • 32
    • 0242370434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in phenology and production of desert ephemerals: Implications for predicting resource availability for desert tortoises
    • Kemp PR, Reynolds JF (2000) Variability in phenology and production of desert ephemerals: implications for predicting resource availability for desert tortoises. Proc Annu Meet Symp Desert Tortoise Counc 24:34-39
    • (2000) Proc Annu Meet Symp Desert Tortoise Counc , vol.24 , pp. 34-39
    • Kemp, P.R.1    Reynolds, J.F.2
  • 33
    • 6044272113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meteorological controls of ecosystem processes and their implementation into ecological models of arid lands
    • in press
    • Kemp PR, Reynolds JF (2004) Meteorological controls of ecosystem processes and their implementation into ecological models of arid lands. J Agric Meteorol (in press)
    • (2004) J Agric Meteorol
    • Kemp, P.R.1    Reynolds, J.F.2
  • 34
    • 0030621394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative modeling study of soil water dynamics in a desert ecosystem
    • Kemp PR, Reynolds JF, Pachepsky Y, Chen JL (1997) A comparative modeling study of soil water dynamics in a desert ecosystem. Water Resour Res 33:73-90
    • (1997) Water Resour Res , vol.33 , pp. 73-90
    • Kemp, P.R.1    Reynolds, J.F.2    Pachepsky, Y.3    Chen, J.L.4
  • 35
    • 0037214885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decomposition of leaf and root litter of Chihuahuan Desert shrubs: Effects of three years of summer drought
    • Kemp PR, Reynolds JF, Virginia RA, Whitford WG (2003) Decomposition of leaf and root litter of Chihuahuan Desert shrubs: effects of three years of summer drought. J Arid Environ 53:21-39
    • (2003) J Arid Environ , vol.53 , pp. 21-39
    • Kemp, P.R.1    Reynolds, J.F.2    Virginia, R.A.3    Whitford, W.G.4
  • 36
    • 0000347416 scopus 로고
    • Water balance calculations and net production of perennial vegetation in the northern Mojave Desert
    • Lane LJ, Romney EM, Hakonson TE (1984) Water balance calculations and net production of perennial vegetation in the northern Mojave Desert. J Range Manage 37:12-18
    • (1984) J Range Manage , vol.37 , pp. 12-18
    • Lane, L.J.1    Romney, E.M.2    Hakonson, T.E.3
  • 37
    • 0027047230 scopus 로고
    • Long-term forage production of North American shortgrass steppe
    • Lauenroth W, Sala O (1992) Long-term forage production of North American shortgrass steppe. Ecol Appl 2:397-403
    • (1992) Ecol Appl , vol.2 , pp. 397-403
    • Lauenroth, W.1    Sala, O.2
  • 38
    • 0024161972 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands
    • Le Houérou HN, Bingham RL, Skerbek W (1988) Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands. J Arid Environ 15:1-18
    • (1988) J Arid Environ , vol.15 , pp. 1-18
    • Le Houérou, H.N.1    Bingham, R.L.2    Skerbek, W.3
  • 39
    • 0000229671 scopus 로고
    • A simpler empirical expression for actual evapotranspiration rates - A discussion
    • Linacre ET (1973) A simpler empirical expression for actual evapotranspiration rates - a discussion. Agric Forest Meteorol 11:451-452
    • (1973) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.11 , pp. 451-452
    • Linacre, E.T.1
  • 41
    • 0002558255 scopus 로고
    • North American deserts: Their floral and faunal components
    • Goodall DW, Perry RA (eds) Cambridge
    • MacMahon JA (1979) North American deserts: their floral and faunal components. In: Goodall DW, Perry RA (eds) Arid land ecosystems: structure, functioning and management (IBP 16, vol 1) Cambridge, pp 21-82
    • (1979) Arid Land Ecosystems: Structure, Functioning and Management (IBP 16) , vol.1 , pp. 21-82
    • MacMahon, J.A.1
  • 42
    • 0019735627 scopus 로고
    • Water as a factor in the biology of North American desert plants
    • Evans DD, Thames JL (eds) Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg
    • MacMahon JA, Schimpf DJ (1981) Water as a factor in the biology of North American desert plants. In: Evans DD, Thames JL (eds) Water in desert ecosystems. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, pp 114-171
    • (1981) Water in Desert Ecosystems , pp. 114-171
    • MacMahon, J.A.1    Schimpf, D.J.2
  • 43
    • 0001966416 scopus 로고
    • A piedmont landscape in the eastern Mojave Desert: Examples of linkages between biotic and physical components
    • McAuliffe JR, McDonald EV (1995) A piedmont landscape in the eastern Mojave Desert: examples of linkages between biotic and physical components. San Bernardino County Mus Assoc Q 42:53-63
    • (1995) San Bernardino County Mus Assoc Q , vol.42 , pp. 53-63
    • McAuliffe, J.R.1    McDonald, E.V.2
  • 44
    • 0028978488 scopus 로고
    • Soil water use by coexisting shrubs and grasses in the southern Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico
    • Montaña C, Cavagnaro B, Briones O (1995) Soil water use by coexisting shrubs and grasses in the southern Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico. J Arid Environ 31:1-13
    • (1995) J Arid Environ , vol.31 , pp. 1-13
    • Montaña, C.1    Cavagnaro, B.2    Briones, O.3
  • 45
    • 0024808314 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of stratified soil water loss in a Chihuahuan Desert community
    • Moorhead DL, Reynolds JF, Fonteyn PJ (1989) Patterns of stratified soil water loss in a Chihuahuan Desert community. Soil Sci 148:244-249
    • (1989) Soil Sci , vol.148 , pp. 244-249
    • Moorhead, D.L.1    Reynolds, J.F.2    Fonteyn, P.J.3
  • 46
    • 0022925285 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution climatic analysis and southwest biogeography
    • Neilson RP (1986) High-resolution climatic analysis and southwest biogeography. Science 232:27-34
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 27-34
    • Neilson, R.P.1
  • 47
    • 0027090664 scopus 로고
    • Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland
    • Nichols WD (1992) Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland. Agric Forest Meteorol 60:221-247
    • (1992) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.60 , pp. 221-247
    • Nichols, W.D.1
  • 48
    • 0001356161 scopus 로고
    • Water relations and photosynthesis of a desert CAM plant, Agave deserti
    • Nobel PS (1976) Water relations and photosynthesis of a desert CAM plant, Agave deserti. Plant Physiol 58:576-582
    • (1976) Plant Physiol , vol.58 , pp. 576-582
    • Nobel, P.S.1
  • 49
    • 0030863777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root distribution and seasonal production in the northwestern Sonoran desert for a C-3 subshrub, a C-4 bunchgrass, and a CAM leaf succulent
    • Nobel PS (1997) Root distribution and seasonal production in the northwestern Sonoran desert for a C-3 subshrub, a C-4 bunchgrass, and a CAM leaf succulent. Am J Bot 84:949-955
    • (1997) Am J Bot , vol.84 , pp. 949-955
    • Nobel, P.S.1
  • 50
    • 0002107424 scopus 로고
    • Desert ecosystems: Environment and producers
    • Noy-Meir I (1973) Desert ecosystems: environment and producers. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:25-41
    • (1973) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.4 , pp. 25-41
    • Noy-Meir, I.1
  • 52
    • 0028667810 scopus 로고
    • Environmental tracers for water movement in desert soils of the American southwest
    • Phillips FM (1994) Environmental tracers for water movement in desert soils of the American southwest. Soil Sci Soc Amer J 58:15-24
    • (1994) Soil Sci Soc Amer J , vol.58 , pp. 15-24
    • Phillips, F.M.1
  • 54
    • 0032967424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of drought on desert shrubs: Effects of seasonality and degree of resource island development
    • Reynolds JF, Virginia RA, Kemp PR, Soyza AG de, Tremmel DC (1999) Impact of drought on desert shrubs: effects of seasonality and degree of resource island development. Ecol Monogr 69:69-106
    • (1999) Ecol Monogr , vol.69 , pp. 69-106
    • Reynolds, J.F.1    Virginia, R.A.2    Kemp, P.R.3    De Soyza, A.G.4    Tremmel, D.C.5
  • 55
    • 0242339107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drylands and global change: Rainfall variability and sustainable rangeland production
    • Watanabe KN, Komanine A (eds) Challenge of plant and agricultural sciences to the crisis of biosphere on the earth in the 21th century. Landes, Austin
    • Reynolds JF, Fernández RJ, Kemp PR (2000a) Drylands and global change: rainfall variability and sustainable rangeland production. In: Watanabe KN, Komanine A (eds) Challenge of plant and agricultural sciences to the crisis of biosphere on the earth in the 21th century. (Proceedings of the 12th Toyota conference) Landes, Austin, pp 73-86
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 12th Toyota Conference , pp. 73-86
    • Reynolds, J.F.1    Fernández, R.J.2    Kemp, P.R.3
  • 56
    • 0034492285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term rainfall variability on evapotranspiration and soil water distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert: A modeling analysis
    • Reynolds JF, Kemp PR, Tenhunen JD (2000b) Effects of long-term rainfall variability on evapotranspiration and soil water distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert: a modeling analysis. Plant Ecol 150:145-159
    • (2000) Plant Ecol , vol.150 , pp. 145-159
    • Reynolds, J.F.1    Kemp, P.R.2    Tenhunen, J.D.3
  • 57
    • 0003038333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of wild plants to nutrient patches in relation to growth rate and life-form
    • Lambers H, Poorter H, Vuuren MMI van (eds) Backhuys, Amsterdam
    • Robinson D, Vuuren MMI van (1998) Responses of wild plants to nutrient patches in relation to growth rate and life-form. In: Lambers H, Poorter H, Vuuren MMI van (eds) Variation in plant growth. Backhuys, Amsterdam, pp 237-257
    • (1998) Variation in Plant Growth , pp. 237-257
    • Robinson, D.1    Van Vuuren, M.M.I.2
  • 58
    • 0026324730 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function in desert root systems
    • Atkinson D (ed) Plant root growth: an ecological perspective. Blackwell, Oxford
    • Rundel PW, Nobel PS (1991) Structure and function in desert root systems. In: Atkinson D (ed) Plant root growth: an ecological perspective. (Br Ecol Soc Spec Publ 10) Blackwell, Oxford, pp 349-377
    • (1991) Br Ecol Soc Spec Publ 10 , pp. 349-377
    • Rundel, P.W.1    Nobel, P.S.2
  • 59
    • 0020363433 scopus 로고
    • Small rainfall events: An ecological role in semiarid regions
    • Sala OE, Lauenroth WK (1982) Small rainfall events: an ecological role in semiarid regions. Oecologia 53:301-304
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.53 , pp. 301-304
    • Sala, O.E.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 60
    • 0022173739 scopus 로고
    • Root profiles and the ecological effect of light rainshowers and arid and semiarid regions
    • Sala OE, Lauenroth WK (1985) Root profiles and the ecological effect of light rainshowers and arid and semiarid regions. Am Midl Nat 114:406-408
    • (1985) Am Midl Nat , vol.114 , pp. 406-408
    • Sala, O.E.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 61
    • 0000725265 scopus 로고
    • Evapotranspiration from an arid zone plant community
    • Samis TW, Gay LY (1979) Evapotranspiration from an arid zone plant community. J Arid Environ 2:313-321
    • (1979) J Arid Environ , vol.2 , pp. 313-321
    • Samis, T.W.1    Gay, L.Y.2
  • 62
    • 0026481302 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of liquid and vapor flow in desert soils based on chlorine 36 and tritium tracers and non isothermal flow simulations
    • Scanlon BR (1992) Evaluation of liquid and vapor flow in desert soils based on chlorine 36 and tritium tracers and non isothermal flow simulations. Water Resour Res 28:285-297
    • (1992) Water Resour Res , vol.28 , pp. 285-297
    • Scanlon, B.R.1
  • 63
    • 0028195403 scopus 로고
    • Water and heat fluxes in desert soils. 1. Field studies
    • Scanlon BR (1994) Water and heat fluxes in desert soils. 1. Field studies. Water Resour Res 30:709-719
    • (1994) Water Resour Res , vol.30 , pp. 709-719
    • Scanlon, B.R.1
  • 64
    • 0024782528 scopus 로고
    • Effects of overland flow on plant water relations, erosion, and soil water percolation on a Mojave Desert landscape
    • Schlesinger WH, Fonteyn PJ, Reiners WA (1989) Effects of overland flow on plant water relations, erosion, and soil water percolation on a Mojave Desert landscape. Soil Sci Soc Am J 53:1567-1572
    • (1989) Soil Sci Soc Am J , vol.53 , pp. 1567-1572
    • Schlesinger, W.H.1    Fonteyn, P.J.2    Reiners, W.A.3
  • 65
    • 6044250563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy of responses to resource pulses in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-1520-8
    • Schwinning S, Sala OE (2004) Hierarchy of responses to resource pulses in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Oecologia DOI 10.1007/s00442-1520-8
    • (2004) Oecologia
    • Schwinning, S.1    Sala, O.E.2
  • 66
    • 0043212101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant cold desert plants do not partition warm season precipitation by event size
    • Schwinning S, Starr BI, Ehleringer JR (2003) Dominant cold desert plants do not partition warm season precipitation by event size. Oecologia 136:252-260
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.136 , pp. 252-260
    • Schwinning, S.1    Starr, B.I.2    Ehleringer, J.R.3
  • 69
    • 0016072792 scopus 로고
    • Point processes of seasonal thunderstorm rainfall. 2. Rainfall depth probabilities
    • Smith RE, Schreiber HA (1974) Point processes of seasonal thunderstorm rainfall. 2. Rainfall depth probabilities. Water Resour Res 10:418-426
    • (1974) Water Resour Res , vol.10 , pp. 418-426
    • Smith, R.E.1    Schreiber, H.A.2
  • 70
    • 0028975905 scopus 로고
    • Soil-plant water relations in a Mojave Desert mixed shrub community: A comparison of three geomorphic surfaces
    • Smith SD, Herr CA, Leary KL, Piorkowski JM (1995) Soil-plant water relations in a Mojave Desert mixed shrub community: a comparison of three geomorphic surfaces. J Arid Environ 29:339-351
    • (1995) J Arid Environ , vol.29 , pp. 339-351
    • Smith, S.D.1    Herr, C.A.2    Leary, K.L.3    Piorkowski, J.M.4
  • 71
    • 0001074635 scopus 로고
    • A population of desert ephemerals germinated by less than one inch of rain
    • Tevis L Jr (1958) A population of desert ephemerals germinated by less than one inch of rain. Ecology 39:688-695
    • (1958) Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 688-695
    • Tevis Jr., L.1
  • 74
    • 0003182948 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies of perennial plants in the Mojave Desert
    • Wallace A, Bamberg SA, Cha JW (1974) Quantitative studies of perennial plants in the Mojave Desert. Ecology 55:1160-1162
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 1160-1162
    • Wallace, A.1    Bamberg, S.A.2    Cha, J.W.3
  • 75
    • 0000671668 scopus 로고
    • Soil water extraction and photosynthesis in Gutierrezia sarothrae and Sporobolus cryptandrus
    • Wan CG, Sosebee RE, McMichael BL (1993) Soil water extraction and photosynthesis in Gutierrezia sarothrae and Sporobolus cryptandrus. J Range Manage 46:425-430
    • (1993) J Range Manage , vol.46 , pp. 425-430
    • Wan, C.G.1    Sosebee, R.E.2    McMichael, B.L.3
  • 76
    • 0020414819 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of roots in well-drained surface soils
    • Weaver T (1982) Distribution of roots in well-drained surface soils. Am Midl Nat 107:393-395
    • (1982) Am Midl Nat , vol.107 , pp. 393-395
    • Weaver, T.1
  • 77
    • 0000956874 scopus 로고
    • Primary productivity and water use in native forest, grassland, and desert ecosystem
    • Webb W, Szarek S, Lauenroth W, Kinerson R, Smith M (1978) Primary productivity and water use in native forest, grassland, and desert ecosystem. Ecology 59:1239-1247
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Webb, W.1    Szarek, S.2    Lauenroth, W.3    Kinerson, R.4    Smith, M.5
  • 78
    • 0030884169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal soil moisture resource partitioning by trees and grasses in a temperature savanna, Arizona, USA
    • Weltzin JF, McPherson GR (1997) Spatial and temporal soil moisture resource partitioning by trees and grasses in a temperature savanna, Arizona, USA. Oecologia 112:156-164
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.112 , pp. 156-164
    • Weltzin, J.F.1    McPherson, G.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.