Ethnic differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 102-111

  Palinkas, Lawrence A ^a   Petterson, John S ^b   Russell, John C ^c   Downs, Michael A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b IMPACT ASSESSMENT INC   (United States)

^c InfoMatrix Inc   (United States)

^d EDAW   (United States)

Author keywords

disasters; ethnicity; Exxon Valdez; post traumatic stress

Indexed keywords

PETROLEUM;

ADULT; AMERICAN INDIAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DISASTER; ESKIMO; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; ALASKA; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DISASTERS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN; INUITS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PETROLEUM; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC;

EID: 6044241039     PISSN: 1049023X     EISSN: 19451938     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X00001552     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Eisenbruch M: From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement: Diagnosis of Southeast Asian refugees. Social Science and Medicine 1991;33:673-680.
2. Boehnlein JK, Kinzie JD: Commentary: DSM diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder and cultural sensitivity: A response. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1992;180:597-599.
3. Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y, Bollini P, et al The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. Journalof Nervous and Mental Disease 1992;180:lll-116.
4. Kleinman A: Writing at the Margin: Discourse between Anthropology and Medicine. Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1995.
5. Young A: The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.
6. Marsella AJ, Friedman MJ, Gerrity EM, Scurfield RM (eds). Ethnocultural Aspects of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1996.
7. Kinzie JD, Boehnlein JK, Leung PK,et al The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990;147:913-917.
8. Mghir R, Freed W, Raskin A, Katon W: Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among a community sample of adolescent and young adult Afghan refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorder 1995;183:24-30.
9. Fawzi MC, Pham T, Lin L,et al The validity of post-traumatic stress disorder among Vietnamese refugees. Journal ofTraumatic Stress 1997;10:101-108.
10. Sack WH, Seeley JR, Clarke GN: Does PTSD transcend cultural barriers? A study from the Khmer Adolescent Refugee Project. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1997;36:49-54.
11. Fontana A, Rosenheck R: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Vietnam theater veterans: A causal model of etiology in a community sample. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1994;182:677-684.
12. Garrison CZ, Bryant ES, Addy CL,et al Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents after Hurricane Andrew. Journalof'the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1995;34:1193-1201.
13. Gleser GC, Green BL, Winger C: Prolonged' Psychosocial'Effects of Disaster: A Study of Buffalo Creek. New York: Academic Press, 1981.
14. Green BL, LindyJD, Grace MC,et al Buffalo Creek survivors in the second decade: Stability of stress symptoms. American Journal of' Orthopsychiatry 1990;60:43-54.
15. Breslau N, Davis G, Andreski P: Risk factors for PTSD-related traumatic events: A prospective analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152: 529-535.
16. Solomon S, Smith EM: Social Support and Perceived Controls as Moderators of Responses to Dioxin and Flood Exposure. In: Ursano RJ, McCaughey BG, Fullerton CS (eds), Community Responses to Trauma and Disaster: The Structure of Human Chaos. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
17. Kulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA,et al Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1990.
18. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
19. Tomb DA: The phenomenology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1994;17:237-250.
20. Green BL, Grace.MC, Lindy JD,et al Risk factors for PTSD and other diagnoses in a general sample of Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990;147: 729-733.
21. Keane TM, Scott WO, Chavoya GA,et al Social support in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: A comparative analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1985;53:95-102.
22. Madakashira S, O'Brien KF: Acute post-traumatic stress disorder in victims of a natural disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987;175:286-290.
23. Carr VJ, Lewin TJ, Kenardy JA,et al Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: III. Role of vulnerability factors in post-disaster morbidity. Psychological Medicine 1997;27:179-190.
24. Hobfoll SE: The Ecology of Stress. Hemisphere: Washington, DC: Hemisphere, 1988.
25. Guarnaccia PJ, Good BJ, Kleinman A: A critical review of epidemiological studies of Puerto Rican mental health. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990;147:1449-1456.
26. Kinzie JD, Manson SM: The use of self-rating scales in cross-cultural psychiatry. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1987;38:190-196.
27. Palinkas LA, Petterson JS, Russell J, Downs MA: Community patterns of psychiatric disorders after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993;150:1517-1523.
28. Palinkas LA, Downs MA, Petterson JS, Russell J: Social, cultural and psychological impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Human Organization 1993;52:1-13.
29. Davis NY: Contemporary Pacific Eskimo. In: Damas D (ed), Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 5. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1984.
30. Baum A, Gatchel RJ, Schaeffer M: Emotional, behavioral and psychophysi-ological effects of chronic stress at Three Mile Island. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1983;51:565-572.
31. Shore JH, Vollmer WM, Tatum EL: Community patterns of post-traumatic stress disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1989;177:681-685.
32. Palinkas LA, Russell J, Downs MA, Petterson JS: Ethnic differences in stress, coping, and depressive symptoms after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1992;180:287-295.
33. Procidano ME, Heller K: Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies. American Journal of Community Psychology Y)1983 11, 124.
34. Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DG, Dansky BS,et al Prevalence of civilian trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journaloj'Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1993;61:984-991.
35. Hanson RF, Kilpatrick DG, Freedy JR, Saunders BE: Los Angeles County after the 1992 civil disturbances: Degree of exposure and impact on mental health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1995;63:987-996.
36. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Cottier LB, Golding E: NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, (rev.). St. Louis MO: Washington University, 1989.
37. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
38. Davidson A: In the Wake of the Exxon Valdez,. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.
39. Jorgensen JG: Oil Age Eskimos. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990.
40. Palinkas LA: Points of stress and modes of adjustment in southwest Alaskan. Human Organization 1987;46:292-204.
41. Kinzie JD, Fredrickson RH, Ben R, et al: Post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of Cambodian concentration camps. American Journal of Psychiatry 141;1984:645-650.