The idea of freedom in burma and the political thought of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi

Pacific Affairs

Volumn 69, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 211-228

  Silverstein, Josef ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 6044239468     PISSN: 0030851X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2760725     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. "Statement of Daniel Aung, Member of SLORC's National Convention Panel of Chairmen and Political Party Group on the Reasons why he left the Convention and came to the liberated area of Manerplaw" (Manerplaw, May 1, 1994, Mimeographed).
2. Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom From Fear and Other Writings (London: Penguin Books, 1991), p. 174.
3. Winston L. King, A Thousand Lives Away: Buddhism in Contemporary Burma (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), pp. 117-18.
4. The "contract theory of the State" in Buddhist thought is not to be confused with the Western liberal formulation. Whereas scholars, such as Balkristna G. Gokale, in "Early Buddhist Kingship," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 26, no. 1 (Nov. 1966), pp. 16-22, advanced the argument that kingship evolved from a decision of the community to raise one amongst them to uphold and enforce the dhamma and the moral order, William Koenig, The Burmese Polity, 1752-1819 (Ann Arbor: Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, No. 34, 1990), p. 71, offers a different theory. 'The ultimate source of sovereignty in Burmese political thought could never have resided in the people because the people were by definition immoral. The consecration oath of Burmese kings was actually a pledged [sic] of loyalty to dhamma, wherein lay the ultimate source of authority. The legitimacy of the state was rooted in the enforcement of the moral law in society."
5. The "contract theory of the State" in Buddhist thought is not to be confused with the Western liberal formulation. Whereas scholars, such as Balkristna G. Gokale, in "Early Buddhist Kingship," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 26, no. 1 (Nov. 1966), pp. 16-22, advanced the argument that kingship evolved from a decision of the community to raise one amongst them to uphold and enforce the dhamma and the moral order, William Koenig, The Burmese Polity, 1752-1819 (Ann Arbor: Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, No. 34, 1990), p. 71, offers a different theory. 'The ultimate source of sovereignty in Burmese political thought could never have resided in the people because the people were by definition immoral. The consecration oath of Burmese kings was actually a pledged [sic] of loyalty to dhamma, wherein lay the ultimate source of authority. The legitimacy of the state was rooted in the enforcement of the moral law in society."
6. Koenig, Burmese Polity, pp. 92-93; 103-07.
7. J. S. Furnivall, The Political Economy of Burma, 2d rev. ed. by J. R. Andrus (Rangoon: Burma Book Club, 1938), pp. 38-39.
8. Donald Eugene Smith, Religion and Politics in Burma (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965), pp. 43-57.
9. During World War I, the British sought to promote the "Imperial Idea," by which the contradictory ideas of loyalty to empire and patriotism to Burma were united. See John F. Cady, A History of Modern Burma (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1958), pp. 196-99.
10. Maung Maung Pye, Burma in the Crucible (Madras: Khittaya Publishing House, no date), pp. 3-4.
11. For a good brief discussion of the local politics of this period and the division of the General Council of Burmese Association into two groups, see Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of Revolution 1939-1946 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 7-15; and Maung Htin Aung, A History of Burma (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967), pp. 282-98.
12. For a good brief discussion of the local politics of this period and the division of the General Council of Burmese Association into two groups, see Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of Revolution 1939-1946 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 7-15; and Maung Htin Aung, A History of Burma (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967), pp. 282-98.
13. Khin Yi, The Dobama Movement in Burma (1930-1938) (Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, Monograph No. 2,1988).
14. Cady, Modern Burma, p. 231; Smith, Religion and Politics, pp. 92-107.
15. Cady, Modern Burma, p. 231; Smith, Religion and Politics, pp. 92-107.
16. Cady, Modern Burma, pp. 309-18; Patricia Herbert, The Hsaya San Rebellion (1930-1932) Reappraised (Melbourne: Monash University Centre of Southeast Asia Studies, 1982), working paper no. 27.
17. Cady, Modern Burma, pp. 309-18; Patricia Herbert, The Hsaya San Rebellion (1930-1932) Reappraised (Melbourne: Monash University Centre of Southeast Asia Studies, 1982), working paper no. 27.
18. Aung San, "Blue Print for Burma," in Josef Silverstein, The Political Legacy of Aung San, rev. ed. (Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 1993), pp. 19-22.
19. See headnote about its disputed origin. Dr. Maung Maung cited it as the theoretical basis for the military dictatorship then in existence in Burma. Maung Maung, Burma and General Ne Win (New York: Asia Publishing House, 1969), pp. 298-99.
20. "Declaration of Independence of Burma," Burma, vol. 1, no. 1, (Sept. 1994) (Rangoon: The Foreign Affairs Association). For the views on this by the man who said he wrote it, see, Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma, p. 327.
21. "Declaration of Independence of Burma," Burma, vol. 1, no. 1, (Sept. 1994) (Rangoon: The Foreign Affairs Association). For the views on this by the man who said he wrote it, see, Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma, p. 327.
22. Thakin Nu, Burma Under the Japanese: Pictures and Portraits (London: Macmillan and Co., 1954), pp. 54-59; Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma, pp. 95-97; 279-82,
23. Thakin Nu, Burma Under the Japanese: Pictures and Portraits (London: Macmillan and Co., 1954), pp. 54-59; Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma, pp. 95-97; 279-82,
24. AFPFL, From Fascist Bandage to New Democracy: The New Burma in the New World (Rangoon: Nay Win Kyi Press, 1946 [?]), pp. 13-15.
25. Constitutional Assembly, The Constitution of the Union of Burma (Rangoon: Superintendent, Printing and Stationery, 1948), no. 21 (1, 2).
26. Josef Silverstein, Political Legacy, p. 158.
27. Josef Silverstein, "Politics in the Shan State: The Question of Secession from the Union of Burma," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 18, no. 1 (Nov. 1958), pp. 43-58.
28. Winston Christian, "Burma's New Constitution and the Supreme Court," Tulane Law Review, vol. 26, no. 1 (1951), pp. 47-59.
29. Burma Weekly Bulletin (new series), vol. 8, no. 50 (April 5, 1960), p. 459.
30. Is Trust Vindicated? (Rangoon: Director of Information, Government of the Union of Burma, 1960), p. 548.
31. Revolutionary Council, Burmese Way to Socialism (Rangoon: Ministry of Information, 1962), para. 14.
32. Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear, pp. 167-79.
33. Ibid., p. 175.
34. Ibid., p. 177.
35. Ibid., p. 178.
36. Ministry of Information, Burma's Fight for Freedom (Rangoon, 1948). See AFPFL Preconvention for the original fourteen points (arts. 6,7, p. 58); for the actual Seven Points Directive Resolution, see art. 4, p. 93.
37. Ministry of Information, Burma's Fight for Freedom (Rangoon, 1948). See AFPFL Preconvention for the original fourteen points (arts. 6,7, p. 58); for the actual Seven Points Directive Resolution, see art. 4, p. 93.
38. Ministry of Information, Burma's Fight for Freedom (Rangoon, 1948). See AFPFL Preconvention for the original fourteen points (arts. 6,7, p. 58); for the actual Seven Points Directive Resolution, see art. 4, p. 93.
39. Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear, p. 181.
40. "Speech at Shwedagon Pagoda," Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear, p. 200.
41. Aung San Suu Kyi, Toward a True Refuge (Oxford: Refugee Studies Programme with the Perpetua Press, 1993), p. 17.
42. Aung San Suu Kyi, Empowerment for a Culture of Peace and Development (Address to the World Commission on Culture and Development, Manila, 21 Nov. 1994, Mimeographed), p. 10.
43. Aung San Suu Kyi, Transcript of Aung San Suu Kyi Interview, BurmaNet, May 13, 1994.
44. Aung San Suu Kyi, Empowerment, Development, p. 9.
45. Aung San Suu Kyi, The Observations of the National League far Democracy on the National Convention (Rangoon: Press Conference Statement, Nov. 22, 1995).