메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 164-175

Survey for karlotoxin production in 15 species of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates (kareniaceae, dinophyta)

Author keywords

Dinoflagellate; Hemolytic; Kareniaceae; Karlotoxin

Indexed keywords

DINOPHYCEAE; KARENIA; KARENIA ASTERICHROMA; KARENIA BREVIS; KARENIA MIKIMOTOI; KARENIA PAPILIONACEA; KARENIA UMBELLA; KARLODINIUM; POLARIBACTER; TAKAYAMA HELIX; TAKAYAMA TASMANICA;

EID: 60349129297     PISSN: 00223646     EISSN: 15298817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00630.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (47)
  • 2
    • 33947132694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karlotoxin mediates grazing by Oxyrrhis marina on strains of Karlodinium veneficum
    • Adolf, J. E., Krupatkina, D., Bachvaroff, T. Place, A. R. 2007. Karlotoxin mediates grazing by Oxyrrhis marina on strains of Karlodinium veneficum. Harmful Algae 6 : 400 12.
    • (2007) Harmful Algae , vol.6 , pp. 400-12
    • Adolf, J.E.1    Krupatkina, D.2    Bachvaroff, T.3    Place, A.R.4
  • 3
    • 55749096744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can cryptophyte abundance trigger toxic Karlodinium veneficum blooms in eutrophic estuaries?
    • Adolf, J. E., Bachvaroff, T. Place, A. R. 2008. Can cryptophyte abundance trigger toxic Karlodinium veneficum blooms in eutrophic estuaries? Harmful Algae 8 : 119 28.
    • (2008) Harmful Algae , vol.8 , pp. 119-28
    • Adolf, J.E.1    Bachvaroff, T.2    Place, A.R.3
  • 4
    • 0011909731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential toxicity of microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
    • In. Baudimant, G., Guézennec, J., Roy, P. Samain, J. F. Eds. IFREMER, Plouzané, France, pp.
    • Arzul, G., Gentien, P. Bodennec, G. 2000. Potential toxicity of microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In Baudimant, G., Guézennec, J., Roy, P. Samain, J. F. Eds. Marine Lipids: Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Brest, 19-20 November 1998. IFREMER, Plouzané, France, pp. 53 62.
    • (2000) Marine Lipids: Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Brest, 19-20 November 1998. , pp. 53-62
    • Arzul, G.1    Gentien, P.2    Bodennec, G.3
  • 5
    • 60349124751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of Atlantic Coast Karlodinium veneficum strains: A genetic marker correlates of toxin type
    • In. Moestrup, O. Ed. Copenhagen, Denmark, pp.
    • Bachvaroff, T. R., Adolf, J. E. Place, A. R. 2008a. Phylogeography of Atlantic Coast Karlodinium veneficum strains: a genetic marker correlates of toxin type. In Moestrup, O. Ed. Proceedings 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 55 8.
    • (2008) Proceedings 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae , pp. 55-8
    • Bachvaroff, T.R.1    Adolf, J.E.2    Place, A.R.3
  • 6
    • 43049103412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and quantification of karlotoxins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Bachvaroff, T. R., Adolf, J. E., Squier, A., Harvey, H. R. Place, A. R. 2008b. Characterization and quantification of karlotoxins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Harmful Algae 7 : 473 84.
    • (2008) Harmful Algae , vol.7 , pp. 473-84
    • Bachvaroff, T.R.1    Adolf, J.E.2    Squier, A.3    Harvey, H.R.4    Place, A.R.5
  • 7
    • 0002986376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brevetoxins: Chemistry, mechanism of action, and methods of detection
    • In. Botana, L. M. Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.
    • Baden, D. G. Adams, D. A. 2000. Brevetoxins: chemistry, mechanism of action, and methods of detection. In Botana, L. M. Ed. Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology and Detection. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 505 32.
    • (2000) Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology and Detection. , pp. 505-32
    • Baden, D.G.1    Adams, D.A.2
  • 9
    • 84971181516 scopus 로고
    • Two new marine species of Gymnodinium isolated from the Plymouth area
    • Ballantine, D. 1956. Two new marine species of Gymnodinium isolated from the Plymouth area. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 35 : 467 74.
    • (1956) J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. , vol.35 , pp. 467-74
    • Ballantine, D.1
  • 10
    • 0034971880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive compatibility among four global populations of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae)
    • Blackburn, S. I., Bolch, C. J. S., Haskard, K. A. Hallegraeff, G. M. 2001. Reproductive compatibility among four global populations of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae). Phycologia 40 : 78 87.
    • (2001) Phycologia , vol.40 , pp. 78-87
    • Blackburn, S.I.1    Bolch, C.J.S.2    Haskard, K.A.3    Hallegraeff, G.M.4
  • 12
    • 0032699467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gymnodinium brevisulcatum sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new species isolated from the 1998 summer toxic bloom in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
    • Chang, F. H. 1999. Gymnodinium brevisulcatum sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new species isolated from the 1998 summer toxic bloom in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. Phycologia 38 : 377 84.
    • (1999) Phycologia , vol.38 , pp. 377-84
    • Chang, F.H.1
  • 14
    • 33749632305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sterol-specific membrane interactions with the toxins from Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) - A strategy for self-protection?
    • Deeds, J. Place, A. 2006. Sterol-specific membrane interactions with the toxins from Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) - a strategy for self-protection? Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 28 : 421 5.
    • (2006) Afr. J. Mar. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 421-5
    • Deeds, J.1    Place, A.2
  • 15
    • 0012835689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic activity from cultures of Karlodinium micrum (=Gyrodinium galatheanum) (Dinophyceae)-a dinoflagellate associated with fish mortalities in an estuarine aquaculture facility
    • Deeds, J. R., Terlizzi, D. E., Adolf, J. E., Stoecker, D. K. Place, A. R. 2002. Toxic activity from cultures of Karlodinium micrum (=Gyrodinium galatheanum) (Dinophyceae)-a dinoflagellate associated with fish mortalities in an estuarine aquaculture facility. Harmful Algae 1 : 169 89.
    • (2002) Harmful Algae , vol.1 , pp. 169-89
    • Deeds, J.R.1    Terlizzi, D.E.2    Adolf, J.E.3    Stoecker, D.K.4    Place, A.R.5
  • 17
    • 0001875482 scopus 로고
    • Hemolytic activity in extracts of Chrysochromulina polylepis grown at different levels of selenite and phosphate
    • In. Granéli, E., Sundstrøm, B., Edler, L. Anderson, D. M. Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.
    • Edvardsen, B., Moy, F. Paasche, E. 1990. Hemolytic activity in extracts of Chrysochromulina polylepis grown at different levels of selenite and phosphate. In Granéli, E., Sundstrøm, B., Edler, L. Anderson, D. M. Eds. Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 284 9.
    • (1990) Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. , pp. 284-9
    • Edvardsen, B.1    Moy, F.2    Paasche, E.3
  • 19
    • 0037388645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel sterols of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae): A defensive function for unusual marine sterols?
    • Giner, J.-L., Faraldos, J. A. Boyer, G. L. 2003. Novel sterols of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae): a defensive function for unusual marine sterols? J. Phycol. 39 : 315 9.
    • (2003) J. Phycol. , vol.39 , pp. 315-9
    • Giner, J.-L.1    Faraldos, J.A.2    Boyer, G.L.3
  • 20
    • 33749608909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Karlodinium micrum and its association with fish kills in Maryland estuaries
    • In. Steidinger, K. A., Landsberg, J. H., Tomas, C. R. Vargo, G. A. Ed. St. Petersberg, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, pp.
    • Goshorn, D., Deeds, J., Tango, P., Poukish, C., Place, A. R., McGinty, M., Butler, W., Luckett, C. Magnien, R. 2004. Occurrence of Karlodinium micrum and its association with fish kills in Maryland estuaries. In Steidinger, K. A., Landsberg, J. H., Tomas, C. R. Vargo, G. A. Ed. Proceedings of Harmful Algae 2002. St. Petersberg, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, pp. 361 3.
    • (2004) Proceedings of Harmful Algae 2002. , pp. 361-3
    • Goshorn, D.1    Deeds, J.2    Tango, P.3    Poukish, C.4    Place, A.R.5    McGinty, M.6    Butler, W.7    Luckett, C.8    Magnien, R.9
  • 21
    • 46249122074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors contributing to the development and demise of a toxic dinoflagellate (Karlodinium veneficum) bloom in a shallow, eutrophic, lagoonal estuary
    • Hall, N. S., Litaker, R. W., Fensin, E., Adolf, J. E., Bowers, H. A., Place, A. R. Paerl, H. W. 2008. Environmental factors contributing to the development and demise of a toxic dinoflagellate (Karlodinium veneficum) bloom in a shallow, eutrophic, lagoonal estuary. Estuar. Coasts 31 : 402 18.
    • (2008) Estuar. Coasts , vol.31 , pp. 402-18
    • Hall, N.S.1    Litaker, R.W.2    Fensin, E.3    Adolf, J.E.4    Bowers, H.A.5    Place, A.R.6    Paerl, H.W.7
  • 22
    • 1342312005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand
    • Haywood, A. J., Steidinger, K. A., Truby, E. W., Bergquist, P. R., Bergquist, P. L., Adamson, J. Mackenzie, L. 2004. Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. J. Phycol. 40 : 165 79.
    • (2004) J. Phycol. , vol.40 , pp. 165-79
    • Haywood, A.J.1    Steidinger, K.A.2    Truby, E.W.3    Bergquist, P.R.4    Bergquist, P.L.5    Adamson, J.6    MacKenzie, L.7
  • 23
    • 7744220153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane-permeabilizing activities of amphidinol 3, polyene-polyhydroxy antifungal from a marine dinoflagellate
    • Houdai, T., Matsuoka, S., Matsumori, N. Murata, M. 2004. Membrane-permeabilizing activities of amphidinol 3, polyene-polyhydroxy antifungal from a marine dinoflagellate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1667 : 91 100.
    • (2004) Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes , vol.1667 , pp. 91-100
    • Houdai, T.1    Matsuoka, S.2    Matsumori, N.3    Murata, M.4
  • 24
    • 0012849526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) associated with a fish kill in a South Carolina brackish retention pond
    • Kempton, J. W., Lewitus, A. J., Deeds, J. R., Law, J. M. Place, A. R. 2002. Toxicity of Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) associated with a fish kill in a South Carolina brackish retention pond. Harmful Algae 1 : 233 41.
    • (2002) Harmful Algae , vol.1 , pp. 233-41
    • Kempton, J.W.1    Lewitus, A.J.2    Deeds, J.R.3    Law, J.M.4    Place, A.R.5
  • 25
    • 0036669053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible factors responsible for the toxicity of Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a red tide phytoplankton
    • Kim, D., Oda, T., Muramatsu, T., Matsuyama, Y. Honjo, T. 2002. Possible factors responsible for the toxicity of Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a red tide phytoplankton. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 132 : 415 23.
    • (2002) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C , vol.132 , pp. 415-23
    • Kim, D.1    Oda, T.2    Muramatsu, T.3    Matsuyama, Y.4    Honjo, T.5
  • 26
    • 0036689432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of the sterol composition of the marine dinoflagellates Karenia brevis, Karenia mikimotoi and Karlodinium micrum: Distribution of sterols within other members of the class Dinophyceae
    • Leblond, J. D. Chapman, P. J. 2002. A survey of the sterol composition of the marine dinoflagellates Karenia brevis, Karenia mikimotoi and Karlodinium micrum: distribution of sterols within other members of the class Dinophyceae. J. Phycol. 38 : 670 82.
    • (2002) J. Phycol. , vol.38 , pp. 670-82
    • Leblond, J.D.1    Chapman, P.J.2
  • 27
    • 0033863097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixotrophy in Gyrodinium galatheanum (Dinophyceae): Grazing responses to light intensity and inorganic nutrients
    • Li, A., Stoecker, D. K. Coats, D. W. 2000. Mixotrophy in Gyrodinium galatheanum (Dinophyceae): grazing responses to light intensity and inorganic nutrients. J. Phycol. 36 : 33 45.
    • (2000) J. Phycol. , vol.36 , pp. 33-45
    • Li, A.1    Stoecker, D.K.2    Coats, D.W.3
  • 28
    • 20944437776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide production by marine microalgae: I. Survey of 37 species from 6 classes
    • Marshall, J. A., Salas, M., Oda, T. Hallegraeff, G. 2005. Superoxide production by marine microalgae: I. Survey of 37 species from 6 classes. Mar. Biol. 147 : 533 40.
    • (2005) Mar. Biol. , vol.147 , pp. 533-40
    • Marshall, J.A.1    Salas, M.2    Oda, T.3    Hallegraeff, G.4
  • 31
    • 33846928530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid, fatty acid and sterol composition of eight species of Kareniaceae (Dinophyta): Chemotaxonomy and putative lipid phycotoxins
    • Mooney, B. D., Nichols, P. D., de Salas, M. F. Hallegraeff, G. M. 2007. Lipid, fatty acid and sterol composition of eight species of Kareniaceae (Dinophyta): chemotaxonomy and putative lipid phycotoxins. J. Phycol. 43 : 101 11.
    • (2007) J. Phycol. , vol.43 , pp. 101-11
    • Mooney, B.D.1    Nichols, P.D.2    De Salas, M.F.3    Hallegraeff, G.M.4
  • 32
    • 0032031262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemolytic glycoglycerolipids from Gymnodinium species
    • Parrish, C. C., Bodennec, G. Gentien, P. 1998. Haemolytic glycoglycerolipids from Gymnodinium species. Phytochemistry 47 : 783 7.
    • (1998) Phytochemistry , vol.47 , pp. 783-7
    • Parrish, C.C.1    Bodennec, G.2    Gentien, P.3
  • 33
    • 0001569209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical structures of amphidinols 5 and 6 isolated from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium klebsii and their cholesterol-dependent membrane disruption
    • Paul, G. K., Matsumori, N., Konoki, K., Murata, M. Tachibana, K. 1997. Chemical structures of amphidinols 5 and 6 isolated from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium klebsii and their cholesterol-dependent membrane disruption. J. Mar. Biotechnol. 5 : 0124 8.
    • (1997) J. Mar. Biotechnol. , vol.5 , pp. 0124-8
    • Paul, G.K.1    Matsumori, N.2    Konoki, K.3    Murata, M.4    Tachibana, K.5
  • 34
    • 0029153948 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and chemical structure of amphidinol 2, a potent hemolytic compound from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium klebsii
    • Paul, G. K., Matsumori, N., Murata, M. Tachibana, K. 1995. Isolation and chemical structure of amphidinol 2, a potent hemolytic compound from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium klebsii. Tetrahedron Lett. 36 : 6279 82.
    • (1995) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.36 , pp. 6279-82
    • Paul, G.K.1    Matsumori, N.2    Murata, M.3    Tachibana, K.4
  • 35
    • 33749624212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sneaking under the toxin surveillance radar: Parasitism and sterol content
    • Place, A., Harvey, H., Bai, X. Coats, D. 2006. Sneaking under the toxin surveillance radar: parasitism and sterol content. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 28 : 347 51.
    • (2006) Afr. J. Mar. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 347-51
    • Place, A.1    Harvey, H.2    Bai, X.3    Coats, D.4
  • 36
    • 85009436486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade of research on Pfiesteria spp. and their toxins: Unresolved questions and an alternative hypothesis
    • In. Botana, L. M. Ed. 2nd ed. Tayor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, pp.
    • Place, A. R., Saito, K., Deeds, J. R., Robledo, J. A. F. Vasta, G. R. 2007. A decade of research on Pfiesteria spp. and their toxins: unresolved questions and an alternative hypothesis. In Botana, L. M. Ed. Seafood and Freshwater Toxins. Pharmacology, Physiology and Detection. 2nd ed. Tayor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 717 51.
    • (2007) Seafood and Freshwater Toxins. Pharmacology, Physiology and Detection. , pp. 717-51
    • Place, A.R.1    Saito, K.2    Deeds, J.R.3    Robledo, J.A.F.4    Vasta, G.R.5
  • 37
    • 1842422485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karenia umbella sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate species from Tasmania, Australia
    • de Salas, M. F., Bolch, C. J. S. Hallegraeff, G. M. 2004. Karenia umbella sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate species from Tasmania, Australia. Phycologia 43 : 166 75.
    • (2004) Phycologia , vol.43 , pp. 166-75
    • De Salas, M.F.1    Bolch, C.J.S.2    Hallegraeff, G.M.3
  • 38
    • 38949200253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel unarmored dinoflagellates from the toxigenic family Kareniaceae (Gymnodiniales): Five new species of Karlodinium and one new Takayama from the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean
    • de Salas, M. F., Laza-Martinez, A. Hallegraeff, G. M. 2008. Novel unarmored dinoflagellates from the toxigenic family Kareniaceae (Gymnodiniales): five new species of Karlodinium and one new Takayama from the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. J. Phycol. 44 : 241 57.
    • (2008) J. Phycol. , vol.44 , pp. 241-57
    • De Salas, M.F.1    Laza-Martinez, A.2    Hallegraeff, G.M.3
  • 39
    • 0037068182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gymnocin-A, a cytotoxic polyether from the notorious red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium mikimotoi
    • Satake, M., Shoji, M., Oshima, Y., Naoki, H., Fujita, T. Yasumoto, T. 2002. Gymnocin-A, a cytotoxic polyether from the notorious red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium mikimotoi. Tetrahedron Lett. 43 : 5829 32.
    • (2002) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.43 , pp. 5829-32
    • Satake, M.1    Shoji, M.2    Oshima, Y.3    Naoki, H.4    Fujita, T.5    Yasumoto, T.6
  • 40
    • 17844390902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gymnocin-B with the largest contiguous polyether rings from the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia (formerly Gymnodinium) mikimotoi
    • Satake, M., Tanaka, Y., Ishikura, Y., Oshima, Y., Naoki, H. Yasumoto, T. 2005. Gymnocin-B with the largest contiguous polyether rings from the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia (formerly Gymnodinium) mikimotoi. Tetrahedron Lett. 46 : 3537 40.
    • (2005) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.46 , pp. 3537-40
    • Satake, M.1    Tanaka, Y.2    Ishikura, Y.3    Oshima, Y.4    Naoki, H.5    Yasumoto, T.6
  • 41
    • 0029116303 scopus 로고
    • Gymnodimine, a new marine toxin of unprecedented structure isolated from New Zealand oysters and the dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium sp
    • Seki, T., Satake, M., Mackenzie, L., Kaspar, H. F. Yasumoto, T. 1995. Gymnodimine, a new marine toxin of unprecedented structure isolated from New Zealand oysters and the dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium sp. Tetrahedron Lett. 36 : 7093 6.
    • (1995) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.36 , pp. 7093-6
    • Seki, T.1    Satake, M.2    MacKenzie, L.3    Kaspar, H.F.4    Yasumoto, T.5
  • 42
    • 0034142521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic effects of Gymnodinium cf. mikimotoi unsaturated fatty acids to gametes and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus
    • Sellem, F., Pesando, D., Bodennec, G., El Abed, A. Girard, J. P. 2000. Toxic effects of Gymnodinium cf. mikimotoi unsaturated fatty acids to gametes and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Water Res. 34 : 550 6.
    • (2000) Water Res. , vol.34 , pp. 550-6
    • Sellem, F.1    Pesando, D.2    Bodennec, G.3    El Abed, A.4    Girard, J.P.5
  • 43
    • 0032797090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of fatty acid 18:5n3 from Gymnodinium cf. mikimotoi: I. Morphological and biochemical aspects on Dicentrarchus labrax gills and intestine
    • Sola, F., Masoni, A., Fossat, B., Porthé-Nibelle, J., Gentien, P. Bodennec, G. 1999. Toxicity of fatty acid 18:5n3 from Gymnodinium cf. mikimotoi: I. Morphological and biochemical aspects on Dicentrarchus labrax gills and intestine. J. Appl. Toxicol. 19 : 279 84.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 279-84
    • Sola, F.1    Masoni, A.2    Fossat, B.3    Porthé-Nibelle, J.4    Gentien, P.5    Bodennec, G.6
  • 44
    • 0000352599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloom dynamics and physiology of Gymnodinium breve with emphasis on the Gulf of Mexico
    • In. Anderson, D. M., Cembella, A. D. Hallegraeff, G. M. Ed. Springer, Berlin, pp.
    • Steidinger, K. A., Vargo, G. A., Tester, P. A. Tomas, C. R. 1998. Bloom dynamics and physiology of Gymnodinium breve with emphasis on the Gulf of Mexico. In Anderson, D. M., Cembella, A. D. Hallegraeff, G. M. Ed. Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer, Berlin, pp. 133 53.
    • (1998) Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. , pp. 133-53
    • Steidinger, K.A.1    Vargo, G.A.2    Tester, P.A.3    Tomas, C.R.4
  • 45
    • 84947367831 scopus 로고
    • Blooms of Gyrodinium aureolum (Dinophyceae) in north European waters, accompanied by mortality in marine organisms
    • Tangen, K. 1978. Blooms of Gyrodinium aureolum (Dinophyceae) in north European waters, accompanied by mortality in marine organisms. Sarsia 63 : 123 33.
    • (1978) Sarsia , vol.63 , pp. 123-33
    • Tangen, K.1
  • 46
    • 0035920374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological effects of the toxic algal bloom of February and March 1998 on the benthos of Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
    • Wear, R. G. Gardner, J. P. A. 2001. Biological effects of the toxic algal bloom of February and March 1998 on the benthos of Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 218 : 63 76.
    • (2001) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.218 , pp. 63-76
    • Wear, R.G.1    Gardner, J.P.A.2
  • 47
    • 1842608745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi
    • Yamasaki, Y., Kim, D. I., Matsuyama, Y., Oda, T. Honjo, T. 2004. Production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 97 : 212 5.
    • (2004) J. Biosci. Bioeng. , vol.97 , pp. 212-5
    • Yamasaki, Y.1    Kim, D.I.2    Matsuyama, Y.3    Oda, T.4    Honjo, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.