The early history of Wairakei (with brief notes on some unforeseen outcomes)

Geothermics

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 11-29

  Bolton, Richard S ^a  

^a Ministry of Works and Development   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Electricity generation; Geothermal power; Natural resources; New Zealand; Volcanic heat; Wairakei

Indexed keywords

GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; GEOTHERMAL WELLS; HEAVY WATER; MILITARY OPERATIONS; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES; VOLCANOES; WELLS;

ELECTRICITY GENERATION; GEOTHERMAL POWER; NEW ZEALAND; VOLCANIC HEAT; WAIRAKEI;

ELECTRIC GENERATORS;

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY; ELECTRICITY GENERATION; ELECTRICITY SUPPLY; GEOTHERMAL POWER; HEAT PRODUCTION; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; POWER PLANT; VOLCANOLOGY;

AUSTRALASIA; MANAWATU-WANGANUI; NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND; WAIRAKEI;

EID: 60249087215     PISSN: 03756505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.02.004     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Annual Report, 1927a. Minister of Public Works, AHJR 1927 Section D-1, xxvii.
2. Annual Report, 1927b. Minister of Public Works, AJHR, 1927, Section D-1, 90, p. 121.
3. Annual Report, 1940. Minister of Electricity. AJHR, 1940, Section D-1, p. xi.
4. Annual Report, 1947. Minister of Electricity, AJHR, 1947, Section D-4, p. 2.
5. Browne, P.R.L., 2004. Personal communication, 14 June 2004.
6. Bruce, J.A., 1943. Natures heat resources-their post-war utilisation in thermal regions. Published privately by John McIndoe, Dunedin, N.Z. (Copy available in National Library of New Zealand).
7. Bruce J.A., and Shorland F.B. Utilization of natural heat resources in thermal regions. N. Z. J. Agric. (1932) 272-278 ISSN 0028-8241
8. Bruce J.A., and Shorland F.B. Utilization of natural heat resources in thermal regions, -further information from various sources. N. Z. J. Agric. (1933) 29-32 ISSN 0028-8241
9. Cabinet, 1953. N.Z. Government Cabinet paper CM(53)24, 19 May, 1953 (Unpublished).
10. Commissioner of Works, 1960. Commissioner of Works to Director General, Department of Works, Australia, P.W.92/14/1/1, 26 April, 1960.
11. Conti G. The Larderello natural steam plant. Trans. First World Power Conference. London, I (1924) 345-365
12. D.S.I.R., 1952. Letter from Deputy-Secretary, D.S.I.R. to General Manager, State Hydro-electricity Dept. File S.I.R 74/22DD, 16 October 1952.
13. DiPippo, R., 1980. Geothermal energy as a source of electricity. Report DOE/RA/28320-1, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, U.S.A. 370 p.
14. Dominion Analyst, 1925. Correspondence with F.W. Furkert. Nat. Arch. 25/9/25 (Unpublished).
15. External Affairs, 1952. Letter from High Commissioner for the United Kingdom, Wellington to Secretary, N.Z. Dept. of External Affairs, March 1952 (Unpublished).
16. Funaioli U. The Larderello natural steam-power plant. Engineering 105 (1918) 507-508, 567-569
17. Furkert, F.W., 1922. Correspondence with G. Hutchison, Nat. Arch., 23 September 1923 (Unpublished).
18. Furkert, F.W. 1926. Personal papers (Miss U. Furkert, personal communication).
19. Geological Survey, 1952. Letter from Director, N.Z. Geological Survey to the Engineer in Chief, M.O.W. File GS 23/6, 25 August 1952 (Unpublished).
20. Grange L.I. The Geology of the Rotorua-Taupo Subdivision, Rotorua and Kaimanawa Divisions. N. Z. Geol. Survey Bull. 37 (1937) (New Series)
21. Haldane T.G.N., and Armstead H.C.H. The geothermal power development at Wairakei, New Zealand. Proc. Institution Mech. Eng. 176 23 (1962) 612-613, 628-629
22. Hamilton W.M. Geothermal Energy, Cawthron Lecture Series (1954), Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand pp. 27, 7
23. Herald N.Z. New Geothermal Power Plant at Taupo (1952), New Zealand Herald newspaper 3 April 1952
24. Hunt A.M. The measurement of borehole discharges, downhole temperatures and pressures and surface heat flows at Wairakei. Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on New Sources of Energy. Rome, August 1961 (1961) 196-207
25. Hutchison, G., 1922. Correspondence with F.W.Furkert. Nat. Arch., 12 August 1922 (Unpublished).
26. James R. Steam-water critical flow through pipes. Proc. Institution Mech. Eng. 176 26 (1962) 741-748
27. Jenkinson S.H. Review of article "The Larderello natural steam-power plant" by U. Funaioli. N.Z. J. Sci. Technol. 1 6 (1918) 378-379
28. Kusabs, P.A., 1947. In: News Item headed "Thermal Bores", Board & Council, vol. 26, June 25, pp. 13.
29. M.O.W., 1955. M.O.W. file 92/14/20/1 Pt 2. Hand written note by the Assistant Engineer-in-Chief on a letter from the Trade Commissioner, San Francisco dated 27 January 1955 (Unpublished).
30. Marshall, T., 1955. Corrosion Testing. In: Grange, L.I. (comp.), Geothermal Steam for Power. N.Z. D.S.I.R. Bulletin 117, pp. 43-44.
31. Martindale, C.F., 1959. Construction of a Geothermal Power Station. N.Z. Engineering, October 1959, pp. 337-346.
32. Masterton Chamber of Commerce, 1918. Letter from Masterton Chamber of Commerce to Minister for Public Works, Nat. Arch., 2 February 1918 (Unpublished).
33. Mazzoni A. The Steam Vents of Tuscany and the Larderello Plant (1948), Anonima Arti Graphiche, Bologna, Italy pp. 76
34. Minister of Electricity, 1950. Power Resources Reviewed. Board & Council, 6 September 1950, pp. 15.
35. N.Z. High Commissioner, London, 1924. Correspondence with Prime Minister. Nat. Arch., 6 August 1924.
36. Prime Minister, 1924. Correspondence with N.Z. High Commissioner, London. Nat. Arch., 15 November 1924 (Unpublished).
37. Prime Minister, 1954. Budget speech. AJHR, 1954, Section B6, pp. 16-17.
38. Scientific American, 1917. Editorial: Setting volcanoes to work. Scientific American CXVII (17), pp. 1.
39. Smith J.H. Production and Utilisation of Geothermal Steam (1958), N.Z. Engineering October 1958, pp. 354-375
40. Smith J.H., and McKenzie G.R. Wairakei Power Station, New Zealand-economic factors of development and operation. U.N. Symposium on the development and utilization of geothermal resources. Pisa, vol. 2, Part 2 (1970) 1717-1723
41. Southern Cross newspaper, 1949. News item, 22 January 1949.
42. Tuck, F.E.N., 1944. The utilization of geothermal steam at Larderello-Italy. Public Works Department Report, Wellington (Unpublished).