Estimates of measles case fatality ratios: A comprehensive review of community-based studies

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 192-205

  Wolfson, Lara J ^a   Grais, Rebecca F ^a,b   Luquero, Francisco J ^b   Birmingham, Maureen E ^c   Strebel, Peter M ^a  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^b EPICENTRE   (France)

^c Natl Salmonella and Shigella Centre   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Case fatality ratio; Community based studies; Measles; Mortality; Review

Indexed keywords

MEASLES VACCINE;

DISEASE INCIDENCE; ESTIMATION METHOD; HEALTH MONITORING; IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES; MORTALITY; PUBLIC HEALTH;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT; FATALITY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH STATISTICS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASLES; MORTALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW;

AGE FACTORS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MALNUTRITION; MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINE; RISK FACTORS; VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY;

EID: 60149097658     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn224     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Wolfson LJ, Strebel PM, Gacic-Dobo M, Hoekstra EJ, McFarland JW, Hersh BS. Has the 2005 measles mortality reduction goal been achieved? A natural history modelling study. Lancet 2007;369:191-200.
2. Stein CE, Birmingham M, Kurian M, Duclos P, Strebel P. The global burden of measles in the year 2000-a model that uses country-specific indicators. J Infect Dis 2003;187 (Suppl 1):S8-14.
3. World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund. Measles mortality reduction and regional elimination: Strategic plan, 2001-2005 (WHO/V&B/01.13). Geneva: WHO, 2001.
4. Miller MA. Introducing a novel model to estimate national and global measles disease burden. Int J Infect Dis 2000;4:14-20.
5. Byass P. Measles control in the 1990s: Generic protocol for determining measles case fatality rates in a community, either during an epidemic or in a high endemic area (WHO/EPI/GEN/93.3). Geneva: WHO, 1993.
6. IMF. Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, Database-WEO Groups and Aggregates Information. Available at: http://www.imf.org/ external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/groups.htm#ae (Accessed on October 17, 2008).
7. Strebel P, Cochi S, Grabowsky M et al. The unfinished measles immunization agenda. J Infect Dis 2003;187 (Suppl 1):S1-S7.
8. Aaby P. Determinants of Measles Mortality: Host or Transmission Factors? New York: Plenum Press, 1991; pp. 83-116.
9. Rice AL, Sacco L, Hyder A, Black RE. Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2000;78:1207-21.
10. Frigge M, Hoaglin D, Iglewicz B. Some implementations of the boxplot. Am Stat 1989;41:50-55.
11. Aaby P. Malnutrition and overcrowding/intensive exposure in severe measles infection: Review of community studies. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:478-91.
12. Aaby P, Whittle H, Cisse B, Samb B, Jensen H, Simondon F. The frailty hypothesis revisited: Mainly weak children die of measles. Vaccine 2001;20:949-53.
13. Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM, da Silva MC. Decline in measles mortality: nutrition, age at infection, or exposure? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988;296:1225-28.
14. Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM et al. Determinants of measles mortality in a rural area of Guinea-Bissau: Crowding, age, and malnutrition. J Trop Pediatr 1984;30:164-68.
15. Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM, da Silva MC. Further community studies on the role of overcrowding and intensive exposure on measles mortality. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:474-77.
16. Aaby P, Knudsen K, Jensen TG et al. Measles incidence, vaccine efficacy, and mortality in two urban African areas with high vaccination coverage. J Infect Dis 1990; 162:1043-48.
17. Almoiradie-Javonillo I, Javonillo T. Profile of a measles epidemic in a remote Philippine barrio. J Philipp Med Assoc 1984;60:103-08.
18. Bhatia R. Measles outbreak in village Tophema in Nagaland. J Commun Dis 1985;17:185-89.
19. Bhuiya A, Wojtyniak B, D'Souza S, Nahar L, Shaikh K. Measles case fatality among the under-fives: A multivariate analysis of risk factors in a rural area of Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 1987;24:439-43.
20. Burstrom B, Aaby P, Mutie DM. Child mortality impact of a measles outbreak in a partially vaccinated rural African community. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25:763-69.
21. Burstrom B, Aaby P, Mutie DM, Kimani G, Bjerregaard P. Severe measles outbreak in western Kenya. East Afr Med J 1992;69:419-23.
22. Byass P, Adedeji MD, Mongdem JG, Zwandor AC, Brew-Graves SH, Clements CJ. Assessment and possible control of endemic measles in urban Nigeria. J Public Health Med 1995;17:140-45.
23. Chand P, Rai RN, Chawla U, Tripathi KC, Datta KK. Epidemiology of measles - a thirteen years prospective study in a village. J Commun Dis 1989;21:190-99.
24. Chen RT, Weierbach R, Bisoffi Z et al. A 'post-honeymoon period' measles outbreak in Muyinga sector, Burundi. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23:185-93.
25. Cherian T, Joseph A, John TJ. Low antibody response in infants with measles and children with subclinical measles virus infection. J Trop Med Hyg 1984;87:27-31.
26. Chin J, Thaung UM. The unchanging epidemiology and toll of measles in Burma. Bull World Health Organ 1985;63:551-58.
27. Cisse B, Aaby P, Simondon F, Samb B, Soumare M, Whittle H. Role of schools in the transmission of measles in rural Senegal: Implications for measles control in developing countries. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149: 295-301.
28. De FA, Fauveau V, Sarder AM, Chowdhury HR, Chakraborty J, Yunus MD. Measles in rural Bangladesh: Issues of validation and age distribution. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23:393-99.
29. Dhanoa J, Cowan B. Measles in the community-a study in non-hospitalised young children in Punjab. J Trop Pediatr 1982;28:59-61.
30. Dollimore N, Cutts F, Binka FN, Ross DA, Morris SS, Smith PG. Measles incidence, case fatality, and delayed mortality in children with or without vitamin A supplementation in rural Ghana. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:646-54.
31. Fauveau V, Chakraborty J, Sarder AM, Khan MA, Koenig MA. Measles among under-9-month-olds in rural Bangladesh: Its significance for age at immunization. Bull World Health Organ 1991;69:67-72.
32. Garenne M, Aaby P. Pattern of exposure and measles mortality in Senegal. J Infect Dis 1990;161:1088-94.
33. Pison G, Bonneuil N. Increased risk of measles mortality for children with siblings among the Fula Bande, Senegal. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:468-70.
34. Hull HF. Increased measles mortality in households with multiple cases in the Gambia, 1981. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:463-67.
35. Hull HF, Williams PJ, Oldfield F. Measles mortality and vaccine efficacy in rural West Africa. Lancet 1983;1:972-75.
36. Lamb WH. Epidemic measles in a highly immunized rural West African (Gambian) village. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:457-62.
37. Malfait P, Jataou IM, Jollet MC, Margot A, De Benoist AC, Moren A. Measles epidemic in the urban community of Niamey: Transmission patterns, vaccine efficacy and immunization strategies, Niger, 1990 to 1991. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:38-45.
38. Marufu T, Siziya S, Tshimanga M, Murugasampillay S, Mason E, Manyame B. Factors associated with measles complications in Gweru, Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J 2001;78:135-38.
39. Murray M, Rasmussen Z. Measles outbreak in a northern Pakistani village: epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151 811-19.
40. Narain JP, Khare S, Rana SR, Banerjee KB. Epidemic measles in an isolated unvaccinated population, India. Int J Epidemiol 1989; 18:952-58.
41. Ndikuyeze A, Cook A, Cutts FT, Bennett S. Priorities in global measles control: Report of an outbreak in N'Djamena, Chad. Epidemiol Infect 1995;115:309-14.
42. Expanded programme on immunization. High measles case-fatality rates during an outbreak in a rural area. Niger. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1993;68:142-45.
43. Expanded Programme on Immunization. Measles outbreak among the hill tribes. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1985;60:79.
44. Expanded Programme on Immunization. Public health importance of measles: Sri Lanka. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1985;60:95-97.
45. Expanded Programme on Immunization. Public health importance of measles: Bangladesh. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1986;61:89-90.
46. Risbud AR, Prasad SR, Mehendale SM et al. Measles outbreak in a tribal population of Thane district, Maharashtra. Indian Pediatr 1994;31:543-51.
47. Shahid NS, Clauquin P, Shaikh K, Zimicki S. Long-term complication of measles in rural Bangladesh. J Trop Med Hyg 1983;86:77-80.
48. Singh J, Kumar A, Rai RN et al. Widespread outbreaks of measles in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, 1996: High risk areas and groups. Indian Pediatr 1999;36:249-56.
49. Singh J, Sharma RS, Verghese T. Measles mortality in India: A review of community based studies. J Commun Dis 1994;26:203-14.
50. Sniadack DH, Moscoso B, Aguilar R, Heath J, Bellini W, Chiu MC. Measles epidemiology and outbreak response immunization in a rural community in Peru. Bull World Health Organ 1999;77:545-52.
51. Yamaguchi S, Dunga A, Broadhead RL, Brabin BJ. Epidemiology of measles in Blantyre, Malawi: Analyses of passive surveillance data from 1996 to 1998. Epidemiol Infect 2002;129:361-69.
52. Expanded Programme on Immunization. Progress in reducing global measles deaths: 1999-2003. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2005;80:78-81.
53. Grais RF, Dubray C, Gerstl S et al. Unacceptably high mortality related to measles epidemics in Niger, Nigeria, and Chad. PLoS Med 2007;4:e16.
54. Nandy R, Handzel T, Zaneidou M et al. Case-fatality rate during a measles outbreak in eastern Niger in 2003. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:322-28.
55. Ibrahim SA, Mustafa OM, Mukhtar MM et al. Measles in suburban Khartoum: An epidemiological and clinical study. Trop Med Int Health 2002;7:442-49.
56. Coronado F, Musa N, El Tayeb el SA et al. Retrospective measles outbreak investigation: Sudan, 2004. J Trop Pediatr 2006;52 329-34.
57. Uzicanin A, Eggers R, Webb E et al. Impact of the 1996-1997 supplementary measles vaccination campaigns in South Africa. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:968-76.
58. Puvimanasinghe JP, Arambepola CK, Abeysinghe NM, Rajapaksa LC, Kulatilaka TA. Measles outbreak in Sri Lanka, 1999-2000. J Infect Dis 2003;187 (Suppl 1): S241-45.
59. Sharma MK, Bhatia V, Swami HM. Outbreak of measles amongst vaccinated children in a slum of Chandigarh. Indian J Med Sci 2004;58 47-53.
60. Ratho RK, Mishra B, Singh T, Rao P, Kumar R. Measles outbreak in a migrant population. Indian J Pediatr 2005;72:893-94.
61. Oum S, Chandramohan D, Cairncross S. Community-based surveillance: A pilot study from rural Cambodia. Trop Med Int Health 2005;10 689-97.
62. Thakur JS, Ratho RK, Bhatia SP et al. Measles outbreak in a Periurban area of Chandigarh: Need for improving vaccine coverage and strengthening surveillance. Indian J Pediatr 2002;69:33-37.
63. Ray SK, Mallik S, Munsi AK, Mitra SP, Baur B, Kumar S. Epidemiological study of measles in slum areas of Kolkata. Indian J Pediatr 2004;71:583-86.
64. Bosu WK, Odoom S, Deiter P, Essel-Ahun M. Epidemiology of measles in the Central Region of Ghana: A five-year case review in three district hospitals. East Afr Med J 2003;80:312-17.
65. Kambire C, Konde MK, Yameogo A et al. Measles incidence before and after mass vaccination campaigns in Burkina Faso. J Infect Dis 2003;187 (Suppl 1):S80-85.
66. Cliff J, Simango A, Augusto O, Van Der PL, Biellik R. Failure of targeted urban supplemental measles vaccination campaigns (1997-1999) to prevent measles epidemics in Mozambique (1998-2001). J Infect Dis 2003;187 (Suppl 1):S51-57.
67. Hyde TB, Dayan GH, Langidrik JR et al. Measles outbreak in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 2003. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35 299-306.
68. Martins CL, Garly ML, Bale C et al. Protective efficacy of standard Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccination in infants aged 4.5 months: Interim analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Br Med J 2008;337:a661.
69. Samb B, Aaby P, Whittle H, Seck AM, Simondon F. Decline in measles case fatality ratio after the introduction of measles immunization in rural Senegal. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:51-57.
70. D'Souza RM, D'Souza R. Vitamin A for the treatment of children with measles - a systematic review. J Trop Pediatr 2002;48:323-27.
71. WHO/UNICEF/IVACG Task Force. Vitamin A supplements: A guide to their use in the treatment and prevention of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia. 2nd edn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997.