Childbearing, breastfeeding, other reproductive factors and the subsequent risk of hospitalization for gallbladder disease

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 312-318

  Liu, Bette ^a   Beral, Valerie ^a   Balkwill, Angela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Breastfeeding; Cholecystectomy; Gallbladder diseases; Million Women Study; Parity

Indexed keywords

BREASTFEEDING; CHILDBEARING; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE INCIDENCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HEALTH RISK; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREAST FEEDING; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CHOLECYSTITIS; CHOLELITHIASIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GALLBLADDER DISEASE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENARCHE; MENOPAUSE; PARITY; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; UNITED KINGDOM;

AGE FACTORS; BREAST FEEDING; ENGLAND; FEMALE; GALLBLADDER DISEASES; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MENARCHE; MENOPAUSE; MIDDLE AGED; PARITY; PREGNANCY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCOTLAND;

EID: 60149096766     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn174     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Kang J-Y, Ellis C, Majeed A et al. Gallstones - an increasing problem: A study of hospital admissions in England between 1989/1990 and 1999/2000. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:561-69.
2. Portincasa P, Moschetta A, Palasciano G. Cholesterol gallstone disease. Lancet 2006;368:230-39.
3. Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB, Rodabough RJ et al. Effect of estrogen therapy on gallbladder disease. JAMA 2005;293:330-39.
4. Layde P, Vessey M, Yeates D. Risk factors for gall-bladder disease: A cohort study of young women attending family planning clinics. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982; 36:274-78.
5. Murray F, Logan R, Hannaford P, Kay C. Cigarette smoking and parity as risk factors for the development of symptomatic gall bladder disease in women: Results of the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. Gut 1994;35:107-11.
6. Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard D. The relationship between reproductive history and cholecystectomy in older women. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:687-92.
7. Grodstein F, Colditz GA, Hunter D, Manson J, Willet W, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of symptomatic gallstones in women: Relation with oral contraceptives and other risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84 207-14.
8. Maclure K, Hayes K, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer F, Willet W. Weight, diet and the risk of symptomatic gallstones in middle-aged women. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:563-69.
9. Scragg R, McMichael A, Seamark R. Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and endogenous oestrogen in gall stone disease - a case-control study. Br Med J 1984;288:1795-99.
10. Thijs C, Knipschild P, Leffers P. Pregnancy and gallstone disease: An empiric demonstration of the importance of specification of risk periods. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:186-95.
11. Sanders G, Kingsnorth A. Gallstones. Br Med J 2007; 335 295-99.
12. The Information Centre. Hospital Episode Statistics. Available at: www.hesonline.nhs.uk.
13. Kendrick S, Clarke J. The Scottish Record Linkage System. Health Bull (Edinb) 1993;51:72-79.
14. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Tenth revision edn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
15. Office of population censuses and surveys. Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures - Fourth Revision. London: Crown copyright, 2000.
16. Townsend P, Phillimore P, Beattie A. Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
17. Clark B, Laing S. Infant feeding: A review of breast- and formula-feeding practices. J Hum Nutr Diet 1990;3:1-9.
18. Ko CW, Beresford SA, Schulte SJ, Matsumoto AM, Lee SP. Incidence, natural history, and risk factors for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy. Hepatology 2005;41:359-65.
19. Dorgan J, Reichman M, Judd J et al. Relationships of age and reproductive characteristics with plasma estrogens and androgens in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4 381-86.
20. Key T, Pike M, Wang D, Moore J. Long term effects of a first pregnancy on serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70 1651-53.
21. Petrakis N, Wrensch M, Ernster V et al. Influence of pregnancy and lactation on serum and breast fluid estrogen levels: Implications for breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 1987;40:587-91.
22. Williams B, Whatmough P, McGill J, Rushton L. Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998. J Public Health Med 2000;22:68-73.
23. Liu B, Sweetland S, Beral V, Green J, Balkwill A, Casabonne D. Self-reported information on joint replacement and cholecystectomy agrees well with that in medical records. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 60:1190-94.
24. Cooper R, Blell M, Hardy R et al. Validity of age at menarche self-reported in adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60:993-97.
25. Tonkelaar I. Validity and reproducibility of self-reported age at menopause in women participating in the DOM-project. Maturitas 1997;27:117-23.
26. Collaborative group on hormonal factors in breast cancer. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease. Lancet 2002; 360:187-95.