Ultrafast fiber laser technology

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 191-204

  Fermann, Martin E ^a   Hartl, Ingmar ^a  

^a IMRA AMERICA INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Optical fiber lasers; Optical pulse generation; Ultrafast optics

Indexed keywords

FIBER LASERS; FIBERS; LASER PULSES; LASERS; LIGHT PULSE GENERATORS; OPTICAL FIBERS; OPTICAL MATERIALS; PULSE GENERATORS; VACUUM APPLICATIONS;

ABSOLUTE PHASE; ALL FIBERS; FIBER LASERS AND AMPLIFIERS; FIBER TECHNOLOGIES; FREQUENCY COMBS; HIGHLY NONLINEAR; LARGE CORES; LASER TECHNOLOGIES; OPTICAL FIBER LASERS; OPTICAL PULSE GENERATION; PASSIVELY MODE-LOCKED; SUPER-CONTINUUM GENERATIONS; TERAHERTZ RANGES; ULTRAFAST FIBER LASERS; ULTRAFAST OPTICS;

FIBER AMPLIFIERS;

EID: 60149096189     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2010246     Document Type: Article

References (197)

1. 1 line with a mode-locked laser," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 82, pp. 3568-3571, 1999.
2. D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science, vol. 288, pp. 635-640, 2000.
3. R. Holzwarth, T. Udem, T. Hänsch, J. Knight, W. Wadsworth, and P. Russell, "Optical frequency synthesizer for precision spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, pp. 2264-2267, 2000.
4. A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, C. Spielmann, T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, "Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, pp. 740-743, 2000.
5. S. Xiao, L. Hollberg, N. Newbury, and S. Diddams, "Toward a low-jitter 10 GHz pulsed source with an optical frequency comb generator," Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 8498-8508, 2008.
6. P. Del Have, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, and T. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature, vol. 450, pp. 1214-1217, 2007.
7. K. Blow and D. Wood, "Theoretical description of transient stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 2665-2673, Dec. 1989.
8. R. M. Kurtz, M. A. Sarayba, and T. Juhasz, "Ultrafast lasers in opththalmology," in Ultrafast Lasers: Technology and Applications, M. E. Fermann, A. Galvanauskas, and G. Sucha, Eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 745-765, 2003.
9. J. Clowes, "Next generation light sources for biomedical applications," Opt. Photon., no. 1, pp. 36-38, 2008.
10. L. Shah and M. E. Fermann, "High power femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplification system for high speed micromachining," J. Laser Micro/Nanoeng., vol. 1, pp. 176-180, 2006.
11. H. Ohta, S. Nogiwa, N. A. Oda, and H. Chiba, "Highly sensitive optical sampling system using timing-jitter-reduced gain-switched optical pulse," Electron. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 2142-2143, 1997.
12. T. R. Schibli, K. Minoshima, F. L. Hong, H. Inaba, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, I. Hartl, and M. E. Fermann, "Frequency metrology with a turnkey all-fiber system," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 2467-2469, 2004.
13. S. Poole, D. Payne, and M. Fermann, "Fabrication of low-loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions," Electron. Lett., vol. 21, no. 17, pp. 737-738, Aug. 1985.
14. R. Mears. L. Reekie, S. Poole, and D. Payne, "Neodymium-doped silica single-mode fibre lasers," Electron. Lett., vol. 21. no. 17, pp. 738-740, Aug. 1985.
15. R. Mears, L. Reekie, I. Jauncey, and D. Payne, "Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54 μm," Electron. Lett., vol. 23, no. 19, pp. 1026-1028, 1987.
16. H. Po, E. Snitzer, L. Zenteno, F. Hakimi, N. Cho, and T. Haw, "Double clad high brightness Nd fiber laser pumped by GaALAs phased array," in Tech. Dig. Opt. Fiber Conf., Opt. Soc. Amer. Conf. Opt. Fiber Commun. (OFC). Washington. DC: Opt. Soc. Amer., 1989, pp. 220-223, Paper PD7.
17. A. Liem, T. Limpert, H. Zellmer, A. Tunnermann, V. Reichel, K. Morl, S. Jetschke, S. Unger, H. Muller, and J. Kirchhof, "1.3 kW Yb-doped fiber laser with excellent beam quality," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2004, vol. 2, pp. 1067-1068.
18. D. Hanna, R. Percival, I. Perry, R. Smart, P. Suni, J. Townsend, and A. Tropper, "Continuous-wave oscillation of a monomode ytterbiumdoped fibre laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 1111-1113, 1988.
19. Y. Lee, S. Sinha, M. Digonnet, R. Byer, and S. Jiang, "Measurement of high photodarkening resistance in heavily Yb-doped phosphate fibres," Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 14-16, Jan. 2008.
20. B. Morasse, S. Chatigny, É. Gagnon, C. Hovington, J. Martin, and J. de Sandro, "Low photodarkening single cladding ytterbium fibre amplifier," in Proc. SPIE, vol. 6453, pp. 64530H-1-64530H-9, 2007.
21. C. Snitzer, H. Pu, F. Hakimi, R. Tummmelli, and B. McColtum, "Erbium fiber laser amplifier at 1.55 pm with pump at 1.49 pm and Yb sensitized Ei' oscillator," presented at the Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. (OFC), Opt. Soc. Amer., New Orleans. LA. Washington, DC: Opt. Soc. Amer., 1988. Postdeadline paper.
22. M. Fermann, D. Hanna, D. Shepherd, P. Suni, and J. Townsend, "Efficient operation of an Yb-sensitised Er fibre laser at 1.56 μm," Election. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 1135-1136, 1988.
23. M. Farries, C. Ragdale, and D. Reid, "Broadband chirped fibre Bragg filters for pump rejection and recycling in erbium doped fibre amplifiers," Electron. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 487-489, 1992.
24. T. Birks, J. Knight, and P. Russell, "Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 961-963, 1997.
25. M. Onishi, T. Okuno, T. Kashiwada, S. Ishikawa, N. Akasaka, and M. Nishimura, "Highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fibers and their application to broadband wavelength converter," Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 4, pp. 204-214, 1998.
26. R. Cregan, B. Mangan, J. Knight, T. Birks, P. Russell, P. Roberts, and D. Allan, "Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air," Science, vol. 285, pp. 1537-1539, 1999.
27. D. Taverner, A. Galvanauskas, D. Harter, D. Richardson, and L. Dong, "Generation of high-energy pulses using a large-mode-area erbiumdoped fiber amplifier," in Proc. Conf Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 1996, pp. 496-497.
28. H. L. Offerhaus, N. G. Broderick, D.J. Richardson, R. Sammut, J. Caplen, and L. Dong, "High-energy single-transverse-mode Q-switched fiber laser based on a multimode large-mode-area erbium-doped fiber," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 1683-1685, 1998.
29. M. Fermann, "Single-mode excitation of multimode fibers with ultrashort pulses," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 52-54, 1998.
30. A. Galvanauskas, M. Cheng, K. Hou, and K. Liao, "High peak power pulse amplification in large-core Yb-doped fiber amplifiers," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electwn., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 559-566, May/Jun. 2007.
31. J. Jasapara, M. Andrejco, A. Yablon, J. Nicholson, C. Headley, and D. DiGiovanni, "Picosecond pulse amplification in a core-pumped large-mode-area erbium fiber," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 2429-2431, 2007.
32. J. Knight, T. Birks, R. Cregan, P. Russell, and P. de Sandro, "Large mode area photonic crystal fibre," Electron. Lett., vol. 34, pp. 1347-1348, 1998.
33. J. Limpert, N. Deguil-Robin, I. Manek-Hönninger, F. Salin, F. Röser, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, "Highpower rod-type photonic crystal fiber laser," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 1055-1058, 2005.'
34. S. Ramachandran, J. Nicholson, S. Ghalmi, M. Yan, P. Wisk, E. Monberg, and F. Dimarcello, "Light propagation with ultralarge modal areas in optical fibers," Opt. Lett, vol. 31, pp. 1797-1799, 2006.
35. H. A. McKay, L. Fu, and L. Dong, "Single-mode optical fibers with record core diameters," presented at the Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. (ECOC), Brussels, Belgium, 2008, Paper PDP1.
36. W. Wong, X. Peng, J. McLaughlin, and L. Dong, "Breaking the limit of maximum effective area for robust single-mode propagation in optical fibers," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 2855-2857, 2005.
37. L. Dong, X. Peng, and J. Li, "Leakage channel optical fibers with large effective area," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 24, pp. 1689-1697, 2007.
38. L. Dong, J. Li, H. McKay, A. Marcinkevicius, B. Thomas, M. Moore, L. Fu, and M. E. Fermann, "Robust and practical optical fibers for single mode operation with core diameters up to 170 μ," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), San Jose, CA, 2008, Paper PDB6.
39. C. Brooks and F. D. Teodoro, "Multimegawatt peak-power, singletransverse-mode operation of a 100 μm core diameter, Yb-doped rod-like photonic crystal fiber amplifier," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, pp. 1111191-111119-3, 2006.
40. L. Dong, "Approximate treatment of the nonlinear waveguide equation in the regime of nonlinear self-focus," J. Lightw. Technol., to be published.
41. I. Hartl, A. Marcinkevičius, H. A. McKay, L. Dong, and M. E. Fermann, "Multi-core leakage-channel fiber for coherent beam combining," presented at the Proc. Photon. West Conf, San Jose, CA, 2009, Paper 7195-59.
42. L. F. Mollenauer and R. H. Stolen, "Soliton laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 13-15, 1984.
43. K. J. Blow and B. P. Nelson, "Improved model locking of an F-center laser with a nonlinear nonsoliton external cavity," Opt. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 1026-1028, 1988.
44. D. Spence, P. Kean, and W Sibbett, "60-fsec pulse generation from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 42-44, 1991.
45. U. Keller, D. Miller, G. Boyd, T. Chiu, J. Ferguson, and M. Asom, "Solid-state low-loss intracavity saturable absorber for Nd:YLF lasers-An antiresonant semiconductor Fabry-Perot saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 505-507, 1992.
46. 3+ -doped fiber laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 219-221, 1989.
47. M. Hofer, M. Fermann, F. Haberl, and J. Townsend, "Active mode locking of a neodymium-doped fiber laser using intracavity pulse compression," Opt. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1467-1469, 1990.
48. M. Fermann, M. Hofer, F Haberl, and S. Craig-Ryan, "Femtosecond fibre laser," Electwn. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 1737-1738, 1990.
49. M. E. Fermann, M. Hofer, F. Haberl, A. J. Schmidt, and L. Turi, "Additive-pulse-compression mode locking of a neodymium fiber laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 244-246, 1991.
50. M. Hofer, M. Fermann, F. Haberl, M. Ober, and A. Schmidt, "Mode locking with cross-phase and self-phase modulation," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 502-504, 1991.
51. M. Hofer, M. Ober, F. Haberl, and M. Fermann, "Characterization of ultrashort pulse formation in passively mode-locked fiber lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 720-728, Mar. 1992.
52. I. Duling, "All-fiber ring soliton laser mode locked with a nonlinear mirror," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 539-541, 1991.
53. 3+ silica fiber laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 316-318, 1997.
54. L. Nelson, E. Ippen, and H. Haus, "Broadly tunable sub-500 fs pulses from an additive-pulse mode-locked thulium-doped fiber ring laser," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 67, pp. 19-21, 1995.
55. X. Zhou, Y. Dai Yoshitomi, S. Tani, H. Yokoi, and K. Torizuka, "Generation of sub-30 fs pulses from a mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser oscillator with phase compensation," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2008, pp. 1-2.
56. H. Haus, J. Fujimoto, and E. Ippen, "Analytic theory of additive pulse and Kerr lens mode locking," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 2086-2096, Oct. 1992.
57. A. G. Bulushev, E. M. Dianov, and O. G. Okhotnikov, "Passive mode locking of a laser with a nonlinear fiber reflector," Opt. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 968-970, 1990.
58. K. Tamura, H. Haus, and E. Ippen, "Self-starting additive pulse modelocked erbium fibre ring laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 2226-2228, 1992.
59. M. Zirngibl, L. Stulz, J. Stone, J. Hugi, D. DiGiovanni, and P. Hansen, "1.2 ps pulses from passively mode-locked laser diode pumped Er-doped fibre ring laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 27, pp. 1734-1735, 1991.
60. E. De Souza, C. Soccolich, W. Pleibel, R. Stolen, J. Simpson, and D. DiGiovanni, "Saturable absorber mode locked polarisation maintaining erbium-doped fibre laser," Electwn. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 447-449, 1993.
61. M. Ober, M. Hofer, U. Keller, and T. Chiu, "Self-starting diode-pumped femtosecond Nd fiber laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 1532-1534, 1993.
62. S. Set, H. Yaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Jablonski, "Laser mode locking using a saturable absorber incorporating carbon nanotubes," J. Lightw. Technol, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 51-56, Jan. 2004.
63. S. Yamashita, Y. Inoue, S. Maruyama, Y Murakami, H. Yaguchi, M. Jablonski, and S. Set, "Saturable absorbers incorporating carbon nanotubes directly synthesized onto substrates and fibers and their application to mode-locked fiber lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 1581-1583, 2004.
64. K. Kieu and M. Mansuripur, "Femtosecond laser pulse generation with a fiber taper embedded in carbon nanotube/polymer composite," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 2242-2244, 2007.
65. K. Kieu and F. Wise, "All-fiber normal-dispersion femtosecond laser." Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 11453-11458, 2008.
66. M. E. Fermann, K. Sugden, and I. Bennion, "High-power soliton fiber laser based on pulse width control with chirped fiber Bragg gratings." Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 172-174, 1995.
67. K. Furusawa, T. Monro, P. Petropoulos, and D. Richardson, "Modelocked laser based on ytterbium doped holey fibre," Electron. Lett., vol. 37, pp. 560-561, 2001.
68. S. Kelly, "Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton," Electron. Lett., vol. 28. pp. 806-807, 1992.
69. K. Tamura, E. Ippen, H. Haus, and L. Nelson, "77-fs pulse generation from a stretched-pulse mode-locked all-fiber ring laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 1080-1082, 1993.
70. I. Hartl, G. Imeshev, L. Dong, G. C. Cho, and M. E. Fermann, "Ultracompact dispersion compensated femtosecond fiber oscillators and amplifiers," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt./Quantum Electron. Laser Sci. Photon. Appl. Syst. Technol., 2005, pp. 1641-1643, Paper CThGl.
71. H. Lim and F. Wise, "Control of dispersion in a femtosecond ytterbium laser by use of hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber," Opt. Exp., vol. 12, pp. 2231-2235, 2004.
72. A. C. Peacock, J. Dudley, V. 1. Kruglov, B. C. Thomsen, J. D. Harvey, M. E. Fermann, G. Sucha, and D. Harter, "Generation and interaction of parabolic pulses in high gain fiber amplifiers and oscillators," in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf., 2001, pp. WP4-1-WP4-3, Paper WP4.
73. M. Fermann, A. Galvanauskas, and G. Sucha, Ultrafast Lasers: Technology and Applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003.
74. F. Ilday, J. Buckley, W. Clark, and F. Wise, "Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 92, pp. 213902-1-213902-4, 2004.
75. B. Oktem, C. Ulgudur, and F. Ilday, "Spectrally breathing femtosecond pulses from an Er-doped fiber laser," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2008, pp. 1-2.
76. A. Chong, W. Renninger, and F. Wise, "Properties of normal-dispersion femtosecond fiber lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 25, pp. 140-148, 2008.
77. I. Haiti, L. Fu, B. Thomas, L. Dong, M. Fermann, J. Kim, F. Kartner, and C. Menyuk, "Self-referenced fCEO stabilization of a low noise femtosecond fiber oscillator," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2008, pp. 1-2.
78. A. Ruehl, O. Prochnow, M. Engelbrecht, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, "Similariton fiber laser with a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber for dispersion control," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 1084-1086, 2007.
79. A. Ruehl, V. Kuhn, D. Wandt, and D. Kracht, "Normal dispersion erbiumdoped fiber laser with pulse energies above 10 nJ," Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 3130-3135, 2008.
80. C. Nielsen, B. Ortaç, T. Schreiber, J. Limpert, R. Hohmuth, W. Richter, and A. Tünnermann, "Self-starting self-similar all-polarization maintaining Yb-doped fiber laser," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 9346-9351, 2005.
81. T. Schibli, I. Hartl, D. Yost, M. Martin, A. Marcinkevi, M. Fermann, and J. Ye, "Optical frequency comb with submillihertz linewidth and more than 10 W average power," Nature Photon., vol. 2, pp. 355-359, 2008.
82. I. Hartl, G. lmeshev, L. Liu, L. Sartania, and M. Fennann, "In line Yb fiber master oscillator power amplifier generating stretched 20μJ pulses with up to 140 kW peak power," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2003, pp. 2094-2095.
83. M. Messerly, J. Dawson, and C. Barty, "25 nJ passively mode-locked fiber laser at 1080 nm," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), Long Beach, CA, 2006, Paper CThC7.
84. M. Hofer, M. Fermann, A. Galvanauskas, R. Windeler, I. Ltd, and A. Arbor, "Passively mode-locked multi-mode fiber laser," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 1999, p. 222.
85. B. Ortaç, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, "High-energy femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser operating in the anomalous dispersion regime," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 2149-2151, 2007.
86. M. Fermann, D. Harter, J. Minelly, and G. Vienne, "Cladding-pumped passively mode-locked fiber laser generating femtosecond and picosecond pulses," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 967-969, 1996.
87. B. Ortaç, O. Schmidt, T. Schreiber, J. Limpert, A. Tünnermann, and A. Hideur, "High-energy femtosecond Yb-doped dispersion compensation free fiber laser," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, pp. 10725-10732, 2007.
88. A. Grudinin, D. Richardson, and D. Payne, "Passive harmonic mode locking of a fibre soliton ring laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 1860-1861, 1993.
89. S. Yamashita, T. Yoshida, S. Set, P. Polynkin, and N. Peyghambarian, "Passively mode-locked short-cavity 10 GHz EnYb-codoped phosphatefiber laser using carbon nanotubes," Proc. SPlE, vol. 6453, pp. 64531Y-1-64531Y-9, 2007.
90. L. Orsila. L. Gomes. N. Xiang, T. Jouhti. and O. Okhotnikov, "Modelocked ytterbium fiber lasers," Appl. Opt., vol. 43, pp. 1902-1906, 2004.
91. 4 lasers with pulse repetition rates up to 160 GHz," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1331-1338, Oct. 2002.
92. M. Hofer, M. E. Fermann, F. Haberl, M. H. Ober, and A. J. Schmidt. "Mode locking with cross-phase and self-phase modulation," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 502-504, 1991.
93. Y. Chen, F. Kärtner. U. Morgner, S. Cho, H. Haus, E. Ippen. and J. Fujimoto, "Dispersion-managed mode locking," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 16, pp. 1999-2004, 1999.
94. J. Kafka, T. Baer, and D. Hall, "Mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with soliton pulse shaping," Opt. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 1269-1271, 1989.
95. M. Fermann, K. Sugden, I. Bennion, I. Inc, and A. Arbor, "Generation of 10 nJ picosecond pulses from a mode locked fibre laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 194-195, 1995.
96. M. E. Fermann and I. Hartl, "Ultrafast fiber lasers," in Ultrafast Optics Textbook, R. Trebino and J. Squier, Eds. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Inst. Technol.[Online], Available: http://www.physics.gatech.edu/gcuo/ ultratext.html
97. T. Brabec, C. Spielmann, and F. Krausz, "Limits of pulse shortening in solitary lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 748-750, 1992.
98. K. Tamura, L. Nelson, H. Haus, and E. Ippen, "Soliton versus nonsoliton operation of fiber ring lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 64. pp. 149-151, 1994.
99. H. Haus and A. Mecozzi, "Noise of mode-locked lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 983-996, Mar. 1993.
100. S. Namiki and H. Haus, "Noise of the stretched pulse fiber laser. I. Theory," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 649-659, May 1997.'
101. R. Paschotta, "Noise of mode-locked lasers (Part I): Numerical model," Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., vol. 79, pp. 153-162, 2004.
102. R. Paschotta, "Noise of mode-locked lasers (Part II): Timing jitter and other fluctuations," Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., vol. 79, pp. 163-173, 2004.
103. J. Gordon and H. Haus, "Random walk of coherently amplified solitons in optical fiber links," Opt. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 665-667, 1986.
104. J. Kim, J. Chen, J. Cox, and F. Kartner, "Attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization of free-running mode-locked lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 3519-3521, 2007.
105. A. Gouveia-Neto, A. Sombra, P. Wigley, and J. Taylor, "Amplification of picosecond pulses in neodymium-doped single-mode optical fibres," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 36, pp. 1143-1150, 1989.
106. K. Suzuki, Y. Kimura, and M. Nakazawa, "Subpicosecond soliton amplification and transmission using Er (3+)-doped fibers pumped by In-GaAsP laser diodes," Opt. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 865-867, 1989.
107. 3+-doped single-mode optical fibres," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 456-458, 1990.
108. 3+ -doped fibre repeater pumped by GalnAsP diode," Electron. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 199-200, 1989.
109. B. Ainslie, K. Blow, A. Gouveia-Neto, P. Wigley, A. Sombra, and J. Taylor, "Femtosecond soliton amplification in erbium doped silica fibre," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 186-188, 1990.
110. D. J. Richardson, V. V. Afanasjev, A. B. Grudinin, and D. N. Payne, "Amplification of femtosecond pulses in a passive, all-fiber soliton source," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 1596-1598, 1992.
111. M. Hofer, M. Fermann, A. Galvanauskas, D. Harter, and R. Windeler, "High-power 100-fs pulse generation by frequency doubling of an erbium ytterbium-fiber master oscillator power amplifier," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 1840-1842, 1998.
112. A. Shirakawa, J. Ota, M. Musha, K. Nakagawa, K. Ueda, J. Folkenberg, and J. Broeng, "Large-mode-area erbium-ytterbium-doped photonic-crystal fiber amplifier for high-energy femtosecond pulses at 1.55 μm," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 1221-1227, 2005.
113. M. Fermann, V. Kruglov, B. Thomsen, J. Dudley, and J. Harvey, "Selfsimilar propagation and amplification of parabolic pulses in optical fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, pp. 6010-6013, 2000.
114. Y. Zaouter, D. Papadopoulos, M. Hanna, J. Boullet, L. Huang, C. Aguergaray, F. Druon, E. Mottay, P. Georges, and E. Cormier, "Stretcherfree high energy nonlinear amplification of femtosecond pulses in rodtype fibers," Opt. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 107-109, 2008.
115. M. Hofer, M. H. Ober, F. Haberl, M. E. Fermann, E. R. Taylor, and K. P. Jedrzejewski, "Regenerative Nd:glass amplifier seeded with a Nd:fiber laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 807-809, 1992.
116. D. Strickland and G. Mourou, "Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses," Opt. Commun., vol. 56, pp. 219-221, 1985.
117. M. L. Stock, A. Galvanauskas, M. E. Fermann, and G. M. A. D. Harter, "Generation of high power femtosecond optical pulses by chirped pulse amplification in erbium doped fibers," presented at the Opt. Soc. Amer. Top. Meeting Nonlinear Guided Wave Phenomena, Cambridge, U.K., 1993, Paper PD5.
118. A. Galvanauskas, P. Blixt, and J. Tellefsen, Jr., "Generation of femtosecond optical pulses with nanojoule energy from a diode laser and fiber based system," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 63, pp. 1742-1744, 1993.
119. A. Galvanauskas, M. Fermann, D. Harter. K. Sugden, and I. Bennion. "All-fiber femtosecond pulse amplification circuit using chirped Bragg gratings," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 66, pp. 1053-1055, 1995.
120. A. Galvanauskas, A. Heaney, T. Erdogan, and D. Harter, "Use of volume chirped Bragg gratings for compact high-energy chirped pulse amplification circuits," in Proc. Opt. Soc. Amer. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt (CLEO), 1998, p. 362.
121. G. lmeshev, I. Hartl, and M. Fermann, "Chirped pulse amplification with a nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating matched to the Treacy compressor," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 679-681, 2004.
122. 2 peak intensity at 136 MHz," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 2870-2872, 2007.
123. M. E. Fermann, M. L. Stock, A. Galvanauskas, G. C. Cho, and B. C. Thomsen, "Third-order dispersion control in ultrafast Yb fiber amplifiers," in Proc. Opt. Soc. Amer. Conf. Adv. Solid State Lasers (ASSL)v, pp. 218-220, 2001, Paper TuA3.
124. A. Galvanauskas, "Ultra-short pulse fiber amplifiers," in Ultrafast Lasers: Technology and Applications, M. E. Fermann, A. Galvanauskas, and G. Sucha, Eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003.
125. L. Shah, Z. Liu, I. Hartl, G. lmeshev, G. Cho, and M. Fermann, "High energy femtosecond Yb cubicon fiber amplifier," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 4717-4722, 2005.
126. S. Zhou, L. Kuznetsova, A. Chong, and F. Wise, "Compensation of nonlinear phase shifts with third-order dispersion in short-pulse fiber amplifiers," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 4869-4877, 2005.
127. L. Kuznetsova and F. Wise, "Scaling of femtosecond Yb-doped fiber amplifiers to tens of microjoule pulse energy via nonlinear chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 2671-2673, 2007.
128. D. Sehimpf, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, "Controlling the influence of SPM in fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification systems by using an actively shaped parabolic spectrum," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, pp. 16945-16953, 2007.
129. F. He, H. Hung, J. Price, N. Daga, N. Naz, J. Prawiharjo, D. Hanna, D. Shepherd, D. Richardson, and J. Dawson, "High energy femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplification system with adaptive phase control," Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 5813-5821, 2008.
130. J. van Howe, G. Zhu, and C. Xu, "Compensation of self-phase modulation in fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification systems," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1756-1758, 2006.
131. Y. Zaouter, J. Boullet, E. Mottay, and E. Cormier, "Transform- limited 100 nJ, 340 MW pulses from a nonlinear-fiber chirped-pulse amplifier using a mismatched grating stretcher-compressor," Opt. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 1527-1529, 2008.
132. N. Didenko, A. Konyashchenko, A. Lutsenko, and S. Tenyakov, "Contrast degradation in a chirped-pulse amplifier due to generation of prepulses by postpulses," Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 3178-3190, 2008.
133. D. Schimpf, E. Seise, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, "The impact of spectral modulations on the contrast of pulses of nonlinear chirped-pulse amplification systems," Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 16664-16674, 2008.
134. D. Schimpf, E. Seise, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, "Decrease of pulse-contrast in nonlinear chirped-pulse amplification systems due to high-frequency spectral phase ripples." Opt. Exp., vol. 16, pp. 8876-8886, 2008.
135. F. Röser, T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, O. Schmidt, D. Sehimpf, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, "Millijoule pulse energy high repetition rate femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplification system," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 3495-3497, 2007.
136. P. Wysocki and J. Lee, "Prediction of gain peak wavelength for Er-doped fiber amplifiers and amplifier chains," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1098-1100, Sep. 1994.
137. S. Kane, J. Squier, J. Rudd, and G. Mourou. "Hybrid grating-prism stretcher-compressor system with cubic phase and wavelength tunability and decreased alignment sensitivity," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 19-22, 1994.
138. L. Kuznetsova, F. Wise, S. Kane, and J. Squier, "Chirped-pulse amplification of femtosecond pulses in a Yb-doped fiber amplifier near the gain narrowing limit using a reflection grism compressor." presented at the Adv. Solid-State Photon. Top. Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2007, Paper TuB3.
139. B. Stuart, M. Feit, S. Herman, A. Rubenchik, B. Shore, and M. Perry, "Nanosecond-to-femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in dielectrics," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 53, pp. 1749-1761, 1996.
140. A. Smith, B. Do, R. Schuster, and D. Collier, "Rate equation model of bulk optical damage of silica, and the influence of polishing on surface optical damage of silica," Proc. SPIE, vol. 6873, pp. 68730U-1-68730U-12, 2008.
141. T. Eidam, F. Roser, O. Schmidt, J. Limpert, and A. Tiinnermann, "57 W, 27 fs pulses from a fiber laser system using nonlinear compression," J. Appl Phys. B, vol. 92, pp. 9-12, 2008.
142. L. Fu, B. K. Thomas, and L. Dong, "Small core ultra high numerical aperture fibers with very high nonlinearity," presented at the Opt. Soc. Amer. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), San Jose, CA, 2008, Paper CTHV4.
143. F. Lu, Y. Deng, and W. Knox, "Generation of broadband femtosecond visible pulses in dispersion-micromanaged holey fibers," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 1566-1568, 2005.
144. J. Ranka, R. Windeler, and A. Stentz, "Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 25-27, 2000.
145. T. Birks, W. Wadsworth, and P. Russell, "Supercontinuum generation in tapered fibers," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 1415-1417, 2000.
146. G. Genty, S. Coen, and J. Dudley, "Fiber supercontinuum sources," (Invited paper), J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 24, pp. 1771-1785, 2007.
147. M. Foster, A. Gaeta, Q. Cao, and R. Trebino, "Soliton-effect compression of supercontinuum to few-cycle durations in photonic nanowires," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 6848-6855, 2005.
148. Y. Deng, Q. Lin, F. Lu, G. Agrawal, and W. Knox, "Broadly tunable femtosecond parametric oscillator using a photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 1234-1236, 2005.
149. J. Sharping, M. Foster, A. Gaeta, J. Lasri, O. Lyngnes, and K. Vogel, "Octave-spanning, high-power microstructure-fiber-based optical parametric oscillators," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, pp. 1474-1479, 2007.
150. T. Okuno, M. Onishi, and M. Nishimura, "Generation of ultra-broad-band supercontinuum by dispersion-flattened and decreasing fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 72-74, Jan. 1998.
151. F. Tauser, A. Leitenstorfer, and W. Zinth, "Amplified femtosecond pulses from an Enfiber system: Nonlinear pulse shortening and self-referencing detection of the carrier-envelope phase evolution," Opt. Exp., vol. 11, pp. 594-600, 2003.
152. F. Tauser, F. Adler, and A. Leitenstorfer, "Widely tunable sub-30-fs pulses from a compact erbium-doped fiber source," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 516-518, 2004.
153. N. Nishizawa and J. Takayanagi, "Octave spanning high-quality supercontinuum generation in all-fiber system," J. Opt. Soc. Amer: B, vol. 24, pp. 1786-1792, 2007.
154. J. Takayanagi, N. Nishizawa, T. Sugiura, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, "Generation of pedestal-free 22-fs ultrashort pulse using highly nonlinear fiber and reverse-dispersion fiber," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 287-291, Mar. 2006.
155. A. Sell, F. Adler, R. Huber, and A. Leitenstorfer, "Two-branch Er:fiber laser emitting 11 fs tunable pulses with attosecond relative timing jitter." in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2008, pp. 1-2.
156. B. Schenkel, J. Biegert, U. Keller, C. Vozzi, M. Nisoli, G. Sansone, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, and O. Svelto, "Generation of 3.8-fs pulses from adaptive compression of a cascaded hollow fiber supercontinuum," Opt. Lett. v., vol. 28, pp. 1987-1989, 2003.
157. H. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. Sutter, and U. Keller, "Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation," Appl. Phys. B: Lasers'Opt., vol. 69, pp. 327-332, 1999.
158. F. Hong, K. Minoshima, A. Onae, H. Inaba, H. Takada, A. Hirai, H. Matsumoto, T. Sugiura, and M. Yoshida, "Broad-spectrum frequency comb generation and carrier-envelope offset frequency measurement by second-harmonic generation of a mode-locked fiber laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 1516-1518, 2003.
159. B. Washburn, W. Swann, and N. Newbury, "Response dynamics of the frequency comb output from a femtosecond fiber laser," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 10622-10633, 2005.
160. B. Washburn, S. Diddams, N. Newbury, J. Nicholson, M. Yan, and C. Jrgensen, "Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 250-252, 2004.
161. J. McFerran, W Swann, B. Washburn, and N. Newbury. "Elimination of pump-induced frequency jitter on fiber-laser frequency combs," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1997-1999, 2006.
162. W. Swann, J. McFerran, I. Coddington, N. Newbury, 1. Hartl, M. Fermann, P. Westbrook, J. Nicholson, K. Feder, and C. Langrock, "Fiber-laser frequency combs with subhertz relative linewidths," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 3046-3048, 2006.
163. I. Hartl, M. E. Fermann, W Swann, J. McFerran, I. Coddington, Q. Quraishi, S. Diddams, N. Newbury, C. Langrock, M. M. Fejer, P. S. Westbrook. J. W Nicholson, and K. S. Feder, "Optical and microwave frequency synthesis with an integrated fiber frequency comb," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt./Quantum Electron. Laser Sci. Conf. Photon. Appl. Syst. Technol. Long Beach, CA, 2006, Paper CPDB10.
164. H. lngmar, M. E. Fermann, C. Langrock, M. M. Fejer, J. W. Nicholson, and D. J. DiGiovanni, "Integrated fiber-frequency comb using a PPLN waveguide for spectral broadening and CEO phase detection," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt./Quantum Electron. Laser Sci. Conf. Photon. Appl. Syst. Technol., Long Beach, CA, 2006, Paper CTuH5.
165. Y. Deng, F. Lu, and W Knox, "Fiber-laser-based difference frequency generation scheme for carrier-envelope-offset phase stabilization applications," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 4589-4593, 2005.
166. H. Telle, B. Lipphardt, and J. Stenger, "Kerr-lens, mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical frequency measurements," Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., vol. 74, pp. 1-6, 2002.
167. S. Harald, L. Burghard, and G. Gesine, "Frequency metrology using fiber-based fs-frequency combs," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt./Quantum Electron. Laser Sci. Conf. Photon. Appl. Syst. Technol., Long Beach, CA, 2006, Paper CTuHl.
168. T. Wilken, T. W. Hansch, R. Holzwarth, P. Adel, and M. Mei, "Low phase noise 250 MHz repetition rate fiber fs laser for frequency comb applications," presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt./Quantum Electron. Laser Sci. Conf. Photon. Appl. Syst. Technol., Baltimore, MD, 2007, Paper CMR3.
169. J. Chen, J. Sickler, P. Fendel, E. Ippen, F. Kärtner, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, and T. Hänsch, "Generation of low-timing-jitter femtosecond pulse trains with 2 GHz repetition rate via external repetition rate multiplication," Opt. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 959-961, 2008.
170. A. Ellis and F. Gunning, "Spectral density enhancement using coherent WDM," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett/., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 504-506, Feb. 2005.
171. L. DiMauro, M. Murnane, and A. L'Hullier, "Application of high-field and short wavelength sources," in Springer Series in Optical Sciences. New York: Plenum, 1998.
172. M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, C. Spielmann, G. Reider, N. Milosevic, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, "Attosecond metrology," Nature, vol. 414, pp. 509-513, 2001.
173. J. Ye and S. Cundiff, Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
174. D. Mittleman, "Sensing with terahertz radiation," in Springer Series in Optical Sciences. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
175. R. Jones and J. Ye, "High-repetition-rate coherent femtosecond pulse amplification with an external passive optical cavity," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 2812-2814, 2004.
176. R. Jones, K. Moll, M. Thorpe, and J. Ye, "Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 94, pp. 193201-1-193201-4, 2005.
177. C. Gohle, T. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. Haensch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature, vol. 436, pp. 234-237, 2005.
178. D. Yost, T. Schibli, and J. Ye, "Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation," Opt. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 1099-1101, 2008.
179. E. Seres, J. Seres, F. Krausz, and C. Spielmann, "Generation of coherent soft-X-ray radiation extending far beyond the titanium L edge," Phys. Rev. Lett, vol. 92, pp. 163002-1-163002-3, 2004.
180. G. lmeshev, M. Fermann, K. Vodopyanov, M. Fejer, X. Yu, J. Harris, D. Bliss, and C. Lynch, "High-power source of THz radiation based on orientation-patterned GaAs pumped by a fiber laser," Opt. Exp., vol. 14. pp. 4439-4444, 2006.
181. L. Eyres, P. Tourreau, T. Pinguet, C. Ebert, J. Harris, M. Fejer, L. Becouarn, B. Gerard, and E. Lallier, "All-epitaxial fabrication of thick, orientation-patterned GaAs films for nonlinear optical frequency conversion," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, pp. 904-906, 2001.
182. Y. Lee, T. Meade, V. Perlin. H. Willful, T. Norris, and A. Galvanauskas. "Generation of narrow-band terahertz radiation via optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in periodically poled lithium niobate," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 76, pp. 2505-2507, 2000.'
183. Y. Lee, K. Vodopyanov, W. Hurlbut, J. Danielson, V. Kozlov, D. Bliss, and M. Fejer, "Generation of multi-cycle THz-pulses via optical rectification in periodically inverted GaAs," Proc. SPIE. vol. 6120, pp. 6120031-6120038, 2006.
184. G. Chang, C. Divin, C. Liu, S. Williamson, A. Galvanauskas, and T. Norris, "Power scalable compact THz system based on an ultrafast Yb-doped fiber amplifier," Opt. Exp., vol. 14, pp. 7909-7913, 2006.
185. G. Chang, C. Divin, J. Yang, M. Musheinish, S. Williamson, A. Galvanauskas, and T. Norris, "GaP waveguide emitters for high power broadband THz generation pumped by Yb-doped fiber lasers," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, pp. 16308-16315, 2007. '
186. M. Hoffmann, K. Yeh, H. Hwang, T. Sosnowski, J. Hebling, and K. Nelson, "Fiber laser pumped high average power single-cycle THz pulse source," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt. (CLEO), 2008, pp. 1-2.
187. J. Hebling, G. Almasi, 1. Kozma, and J. Kuhl, "Velocity matching by pulse front tilting for large area THz-pulse generation," Opt. Exp., vol. 10, pp. 1161-1166, 2002.
188. 3," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 105-107, 1997.
189. M. Marangoni, R. Osellame, R. Ramponi, G. Cerullo, A. Steinmann, and U. Morgner, "Near-infrared optical parametric amplifier at 1 MHz directly pumped by a femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 1489-1491, 2007.
190. C. Schriever, S. Lochbrunner, P. Krok, and E. Riedle, "Tunable pulses from below 300 to 970 nm with durations down to 14 fs based on a 2 MHz ytterbium-doped fiber system," Opt. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 192-194, 2008.
191. C. Aguergaray, T. Andersen, D. Schimpf, O. Schmidt, J. Rothhardt, T. Schreiber, J. Limpert, E. Cormier, and A. Tunnermann, "Parametric amplification and compression to ultrashort pulse duration of resonant linear waves," Opt. Exp., vol. 15, pp. 5699-5710, 2007.
192. A. Galvanauskas, A. Hariharan, D. Harter, M. Arbore, and M. Fejer, "High-energy femtosecond pulse amplification in a quasi-phase-matched parametric amplifier," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 210-212, 1998.
193. C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, T. Metzger, S. Köhler, R. Holzwarth, A. Baltuska, A. Zheltikov, and F. Krausz, "Soliton-based pump-seed synchronization for few-cycle OPCPA," Opt. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 6550-6557, 2005.
194. C. Erny, K. Moutzouris, J. Biegert, D. Kühlke, F. Adler, A. Leitenstorfer, and U. Keller, "Mid-infrared difference-frequency generation of ultrashort pulses tunable between 3.2 and 4.8 μm from a compact fiber source," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 1138-1140, 2007.
195. A. Baltuška, T. Fuji, and T. Kobayashi, "Controlling the carrier-envelope phase of ultrashort light pulses with optical parametric amplifiers," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88, pp. 133901-1-133901-4, 2002.
196. F. Keilmann, C. Gohle, and R. Holzwarth, "Time-domain mid-infrared frequency-comb spectrometer," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 1542-1544.2004.
197. I. Coddington, W. Swann, and N. Newbury, "Coherent multiheterodyne spectroscopy using stabilized optical frequency combs," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100, pp. 13902-1-13902-4, 2008.