Contrast-induced nephropathy: Prevention and management of high-risk patients

Indian Heart Journal

Volumn 60, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 524-531

  Caixeta, Adriano ^a   Nikolsky, Eugenia ^a   Mehran, Roxana ^a,b  

^a NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; BICARBONATE; CONTRAST MEDIUM; DIATRIZOATE; DOPAMINE; FENOLDOPAM; FENOLDOPAM MESILATE; FUROSEMIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INFUSION FLUID; IODIXANOL; IOHEXOL; IOMEPROL; IOPAMIDOL; IOVERSOL; IOXAGLIC ACID; ISOTONIC SOLUTION; MANNITOL; MEGLUMINE IOXAGLATE PLUS SODIUM IOXAGLATE; NESIRITIDE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLACEBO; SIMVASTATIN; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THEOPHYLLINE;

ANGIOGRAPHY; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; CRYSTALLOID; DIALYSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG MEGADOSE; FLUID INTAKE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMOFILTRATION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYDRATION; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LOW DRUG DOSE; NEPHROTOXICITY; OSMOLALITY; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT CARE; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CONTRAST MEDIA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FLUID THERAPY; HEMOFILTRATION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY DISEASES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 59949084698     PISSN: 00194832     EISSN: 00194832     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Parfrey PS, Griffiths SM, Barrett BJ, et al. Contrast material-induced renal failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, or both. A prospective controlled study. N Engl J Med 1989;320:143-149.
2. Hou SH, Bushinsky DA, Wish JB, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency: A prospective study. Am J Med. 1983;74:243-248.
3. Gruberg L, Mintz GS, Mehran R, et al. The prognostic implications of further renal function deterioration within 48h of interventional coronary procedures in patients with pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1542-1548.
4. McCullough PA, Wolyn R, Rocher LL, Levin RN, O'Neill WW. Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: Incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality. Am J Med 1997;103:368-375.
5. Levy EM, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI. The effect of acute renal failure on mortality: A cohort analysis. JAMA 1996;275):1489-1494.
6. Rihal CS, Textor SC, Grill DE, et al. Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2002;105:2259-2264.
7. Solomon R, Deray G. How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy and manage risk patients: Practical recommendations. Kidney Int Suppl 2006:S51-53.
8. Murphy SW, Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS. Contrast nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:177-182.
9. Maeder M, Klein M, Fehr T, Rickli H. Contrast nephropathy: review focusing on prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1763-1771.
10. Goldenberg I, Matetzky S. Nephropathy induced by contrast media: Pathogenesis, risk factors and preventive strategies. CMAJ 2005;172:1461-1471.
11. Rich MW, Crecelius CA. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical course of acute renal insufficiency after cardiac catheterization in patients 70 years of age or older: A prospective study. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1237-1242.
12. Gleeson TG, Bulugahapitiya S. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:1673-1689.
13. Mehran R, Nikolsky E. Contrast-induced nephropathy: definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk. Kidney Int Suppl 2006;100:S11-15.
14. Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Lasic Z, et al. Low hematocrit predicts contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions. Kidney Int 2005;67:706-713.
15. Cochran ST, Wong WS, Roe DJ. Predicting angiography-induced acute renal function impairment: Clinical risk model. Am J Roentgenol 1983;141:1027-1033.
16. Hall KA, Wong RW, Hunter GC, et al. Contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: The effects of vasodilator therapy. J Surg Res 1992;53:317-320.
17. Lasser EC, Lyon SG, Berry CC. Reports on contrast media reactions: Analysis of data from reports to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Radiology 1997;203:605-610.
18. Lautin EM, Freeman NJ, Schoenfeld AH, et al. Radiocontrast- associated renal dysfunction: A comparison of lower-osmolality and conventional high-osmolality contrast media. Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:59-65.
19. Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Turcot D, et al. Impact of chronic kidney disease on prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:300-305.
20. Weisz G, Mehran R, Rabbani L, et al. contrast-induced nephropathy is frequent and is a powerful independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI: The HORIZONS-AMI trial. Am J Cardiol 2008;120:115i.
21. Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E, et al. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: development and initial validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1393-1399.
22. Weisberg LS, Kurnik PB, Kurnik BR. Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in humans: role of renal vasoconstriction. Kidney Int 1992;41:1408-1415.
23. Brezis M, Rosen S, Silva P, Epstein FH. Selective vulnerability of the medullary thick ascending limb to anoxia in the isolated perfused rat kidney. J Clin Invest 1984;73:182-190.
24. Klause N, Arendt T, Lins M, Gronow G. Hypoxic renal tissue damage by endothelin-mediated arterial vasoconstriction during radioangiog- raphy in man. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;454:225-234.
25. Fujisaki K, Kubo M, Masuda K, et al. Infusion of radiocontrast agents induces exaggerated release of urinary endothelin in patients with impaired renal function. Clin Exp Nephrol 2003;7:279-283.
26. Liss P, Carlsson PO, Palm F, Hansell P. Adenosine A1 receptors in contrast media-induced renal dysfunction in the normal rat. Eur Radiol 2004;14:1297-1302.
27. Tumlin J, Stacul F, Adam A, et al. Pathophysiology of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:14K-20K.
28. Rauch D, Drescher P, Pereira FJ, Knes JM, Will JA, Madsen PO. Comparison of iodinated contrast media-induced renal vasocon-striction in human, rabbit, dog, and pig arteries. Invest Radiol 1997;32:315-319.
29. Morris TW, Katzberg RW, Fischer HW. A comparison of the hemodynamic responses to metrizamide and meglumine/sodium diatrizoate in canine renal angiography. Invest Radiol 1978;13:74-78.
30. Bakris GL, Burnett JC, Jr. A role for calcium in radiocontrast-induced eductions in renal hemodynamics. Kidney Int 1985;27:465-468.
31. 31.Tumlin JA, Wang A, Murray PT, Mathur VS. Fenoldopam mesylate blocks reductions in renal plasma flow after radiocontrast dye infusion: a pilot trial in the prevention of contrast nephropathy. Am Heart J 2002;143:894-903.
32. Russo D, Minutolo R, Cianciaruso B, Memoli B, Conte G, De Nicola L. Early effects of contrast media on renal hemodynamics and tubular function in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995;6:1451-1458.
33. Heyman SN, Brezis M, Reubinoff CA, et al. Acute renal failure with selective medullary injury in the rat. J Clin Invest 1988;82:401-412.
34. Locatelli F, Canaud B, Eckardt KU, Stenvinkel P, Wanner C, Zoccali C. Oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease: An emerging threat to patient outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:1272-1280.
35. Scott JA, King GL. Oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1031:204-213.
36. Ribeiro L, de Assuncao e Silva F, Kurihara RS, Schor N, Mieko E, Higa S. Evaluation of the nitric oxide production in rat renal artery smooth muscle cells culture exposed to radiocontrast agents. Kidney Int 2004;65:589-596.
37. McCullough PA. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:1419-1428.
38. Messana JM, Cieslinski DA, Humes HD. Comparison of toxicity of radiocontrast agents to renal tubule cells in vitro. Ren Fail 1990;12:75-82.
39. Katholi RE, Woods WT Jr., Taylor GJ, et al. Oxygen free radicals and contrast nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32:64-71.
40. Bakris GL, Lass NA, Glock D. Renal hemodynamics in radiocontrast medium-induced renal dysfunction: A role for dopamine-1 receptors. Kidney Int 1999;56:206-210.
41. Deray G, Baumelou B, Martinez F, Brillet G, Jacobs C. Renal vasoconstriction after low and high osmolar contrast agents in ischemic and non ischemic canine kidney. Clin Nephrol 1991;36:93-96.
42. Pucelikova T, Dangas G, Mehran R. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008;71:62-72.
43. Erley CM. Does hydration prevent radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14:1064-1066.
44. Mueller C. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with volume supplementation. Kidney Int Suppl 2006:S16-19.
45. Solomon R, Werner C, Mann D, D'Elia J, Silva P. Effects of saline, mannitol, and furosemide to prevent acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontras agents. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1416-1420.
46. Mueller C, Buerkle G, Buettner HJ, et al. Prevention of contrast media-associated nephropathy: Randomized comparison of 2 hydration regimens in 1620 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:329-336.
47. Taylor AJ, Hotchkiss D, Morse RW, McCabe J. PREPARED: Preparation for Angiography in Renal Dysfunction: A randomized trial of inpatient vs outpatient hydration protocols for cardiac catheterization in mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction. Chest 1998;114:1570-1574.
48. Trivedi HS, Moore H, Nasr S, et al. A randomized prospective trial to assess the role of saline hydration on the development of contrast nephrotoxicity. Nephron Clin Pract 2003;93:C29-34.
49. Bader BD, Berger ED, Heede MB, et al. What is the best hydration regimen to prevent contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity? Clin Nephrol 2004;62:1-7.
50. Krasuski RA, Beard BM, Geoghagan JD, Thompson CM, Guidera SA. Optimal timing of hydration to erase contrast-associated nephrop- athy: The OTHER CAN study. J Invasive Cardiol 2003;15:699-702.
51. Stacul F, Adam A, Becker CR, et al. Strategies to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:59K-77K.
52. Nikolsky E, Mehran R. Hydration protocols to reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy. J Invasive Cardiol 2008;20:527-538.
53. Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:2328-2334.
54. Briguori C, Airoldi F, D'Andrea D, et al. Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial (REMEDIAL): A randomized comparison of 3 preventive strategies. Circulation 2007;115:1211-1217.
55. Ozcan EE, Guneri S, Akdeniz B, et al. Sodium bicarbonate, N-acetyl-cysteine, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. A comparison of 3 regimens for protecting contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary procedures. A single-center prospective controlled trial. Am Heart J 2007;154:539-544.
56. Brar SS, Shen AY, Jorgensen MB, et al. Sodium bicarbonate vs sodium chloride for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized trial. JAMA 2008;300:1038-1046.
57. Adolph E, Holdt-Lehmann B, Chatterjee T, et al. Renal Insufficiency Following Radiocontrast Exposure Trial (REINFORCE): A randomized comparison of sodium bicarbonate vs sodium chloride hydration for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Coron Artery Dis 2008;19:413-419.
58. From AM, Bartholmai BJ, Williams AW, Cha SS, Pflueger A, McDonald FS. Sodium bicarbonate is associated with an increased incidence of contrast nephropathy: A retrospective cohort study of 7977 patients at mayo clinic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3:10-18.
59. Tepel M, van der Giet M, Schwarzfeld C, Laufer U, Liermann D, Zidek W. Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med 2000;343:180-184.
60. Diaz-Sandoval LJ, Kosowsky BD. L. Acetylcysteine to prevent angiography-related renal tissue injury (the APART trial). A J Cardiol 2002:356-358.
61. Briguori C, Manganelli F, Scarpato P, et al. Acetylcysteine and contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:298-303.
62. Webb JG, Pate GE, Humphries KH, et al. A randomized controlled trial of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization: Lack of effect. Am Heart J 2004;148:422-429.
63. Misra D, Leibowitz K, Gowda RM, Shapiro M, Khan IA. Role of N-acetylcysteine in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiovascular procedures: A meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2004;27:607-610.
64. Alonso A, Lau J, Jaber BL, Weintraub A, Sarnak MJ. Prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy with N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:1-9.
65. Bagshaw SM, Ghali WA. Acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy after intravascular angiography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2004;2:38.
66. Kshirsagar AV, Poole C, Mottl A, et al. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of radiocontrast induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:761-769.
67. Birck R, Krzossok S, Markowetz F, Schnulle P, van der Woude FJ, Braun C. Acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy: meta-analysis. Lancet 2003;362:598-603.
68. Pannu N, Manns B, Lee H, Tonelli M. Systematic review of the impact of N-acetylcysteine on contrast nephropathy. Kidney Int 2004;65:1366-1374.
69. Isenbarger DW, Kent SM, O'Malley PG. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the usefulness of acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:1454-1458.
70. Kelly AM, Dwamena B, Cronin P, Bernstein SJ, Carlos RC. Metaanalysis: Effectiveness of drugs for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:284-294.
71. Kapoor A, Sinha N, Sharma RK, et al. Use of dopamine in prevention of contrast induced acute renal failure: A randomised study. Int J Cardiol 1996;53:233-236.
72. Gare M, Haviv YS, Ben-Yehuda A, et al. The renal effect of low-dose dopamine in high-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1682-1688.
73. Abizaid AS, Clark CE, Mintz GS, Dosa S, Popma JJ, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Harvey M, Kent KM, Leon MB. Effects of dopamine and aminophylline on contrast-induced acute renal failure after coronary angioplasty in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:260-263, A265.
74. Allaqaband S, Tumuluri R, Malik AM, et al. Prospective randomized study of N-acetylcysteine, fenoldopam, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2002;57:279-283.
75. Stone GW, McCullough PA, Tumlin JA, et al. Fenoldopam mesylate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2284-2291.
76. Huber W, Ilgmann K, Page M, et al. Effect of theophylline on contrast material-nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency: Controlled, randomized, double-blinded study. Radiology 2002;223:772-779.
77. Kolonko A, Wiecek A, Kokot F. The nonselective adenosine antagonist theophylline does prevent renal dysfunction induced by radio-graphic contrast agents. J Nephrol 1998;11:151-156.
78. Erley CM. Nephrotoxicity: focusing on radiocontrast nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14 Suppl 4:13-15.
79. Shammas NW, Kapalis MJ, Harris M, McKinney D, Coyne EP. Aminophylline does not protect against radiocontrast nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous angiographic procedures. J Invasive Cardiol 2001;13:738-740.
80. Ix JH, McCulloch CE, Chertow GM. Theophylline for the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy: A meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19:2747-2753.
81. Bagshaw SM, Ghali WA. Theophylline for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1087-1093.
82. Attallah N, Yassine L, Musial J, Yee J, Fisher K. The potential role of statins in contrast nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 2004;62:273-278.
83. Khanal S, Attallah N, Smith DE, et al. Statin therapy reduces contrast-induced nephropathy: an analysis of contemporary percutaneous interventions. Am J Med 2005;118:843-849.
84. Jo SH, Koo BK, Park JS, et al. Prevention of radiocontrast medium-induced nephropathy using short-term high-dose simvastatin in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography (PROMISS) trial: A randomized controlled study. Am Heart J 2008;155:499 e491-498.
85. Vogt B, Ferrari P, Schonholzer C, et al. Prophylactic hemodialysis after radiocontrast media in patients with renal insufficiency is potentially harmful. Am J Med 2001;111:692-698.
86. Lehnert T, Keller E, Gondolf K, Schaffner T, Pavenstadt H, Schollmeyer P. Effect of haemodialysis after contrast medium administration in patients with renal insufficiency. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:358-362.
87. Lee PT, Chou KJ, Liu CP, et al. Renal protection for coronary angiography in advanced renal failure patients by prophylactic hemodialysis. A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1015-1020.
88. Marenzi G, Lauri G, Campodonico J, et al. Comparison of two hemofiltration protocols for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients. Am J Med 2006;119:155-162.
89. Ng MK, Tremmel J, Fitzgerald PJ, Fearon WF. Selective renal arterial infusion of fenoldopam for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. J Interv Cardiol 2006;19:75-79.
90. Teirstein PS, Price MJ, Mathur VS, Madyoon H, Sawhney N, Baim DS. Differential effects between intravenous and targeted renal delivery of fenoldopam on renal function and blood pressure in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:1076-1081.
91. Allie D, Hebert C, Patlola R, Walker CM. Contrast-induced nephropathy &- targeted renal therapy in peripheral vascular disease: An 18-month experience. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:226i.
92. Allie DE, Hebert JC, Lirtzman MD, Wyatt CH, Walker CM. Targeted
93. renal therapy in high-risk cardiac surgery: Early safety and feasibility with a novel catheter treatment for renal function preservation during high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:118i.
94. Weisz G, Filby SJ, Cohen MG, et al. Safety and Performance of Targeted Renal Therapy: The Be-RITe! Registry. J Endovasc Ther 2009;16 (in press).
95. Manske CL, Sprafka JM, Strony JT, Wang Y. Contrast nephropathy in azotemic diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Med 1990;89:615-620.
96. Vlietstra RE, Nunn CM, Narvarte J, Browne KF. Contrast nephropathy after coronary angioplasty in chronic renal insufficiency. Am Heart J 1996;132:1049-1050.
97. Barrett BJ, Carlisle EJ. Metaanalysis of the relative nephrotoxicity of high-and low-osmolality iodinated contrast media. Radiology 1993;188:171-178.
98. Rudnick MR, Goldfarb S, Wexler L, et al. Nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic contrast media in 1196 patients: a randomized trial. The Iohexol Cooperative Study. Kidney Int 1995;47:254-261.
99. McCullough PA, Bertrand ME, Brinker JA, Stacul F. A meta-analysis of the renal safety of isosmolar iodixanol compared with low-osmolar contrast media. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:692-699.
100. Mehran R. ICON. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ioxaglate versus iodixanol in patients at increased risk for contrast nephropathy. Proceedings of Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2006;3:10.
101. Jo SH, Youn TJ, Koo BK, et al. Renal toxicity evaluation and comparison between visipaque (iodixanol) and hexabrix (ioxaglate) in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography: The RECOVER study: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:924-930.
102. Solomon RJ, Natarajan MK, Doucet S, et al. Cardiac Angiography in Renally Impaired Patients (CARE) study: a randomized double-blind trial of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circulation 2007;115:3189-3196.
103. Wessely R, Koppara T, Kastrati A, et al. Randomized clinical trial to compare the nephrotoxic effects of iso-osmolar versus low-osmolar contrast medium in patients with impaired renal function undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The COntrast media and NephroToxicity following coronary revascularization by angioplaSTy (CONTRAST) Study. Paper presented at: SCAI-ACCi2 2008, 1 April 2008, Chicago.
104. Rudnick MR, Davidson C, Laskey W, Stafford JL, Sherwin PF. Nephrotoxicity of iodixanol versus ioversol in patients with chronic kidney disease: The Visipaque Angiography/Interventions with Laboratory Outcomes in Renal Insufficiency (VALOR) Trial. Am Heart J 2008;156:776-782.