The potential for plants to trap emissions from farms with laying hens: 2. Ammonia and dust

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 398-411

  Adrizal, ^a   Patterson, P H ^b   Hulet, R M ^b   Bates, R M ^b   Despot, D A ^b   Wheeler, E F ^c   Topper, P A ^c   Anderson, D A ^d   Thompson, J R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITAS JAMBI   (Indonesia)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c 229 Agricultural Engineering Building   (United States)

^d IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Dust; Foliage nitrogen; Laying hen; Plant

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 59849098034     PISSN: 10566171     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/japr.2007-00104     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Fangmeier, A., A. Hadwiger-Fangmeier, L. Van der Eerden, and H.-J. Jäger. 1994. Effects of atmospheric ammonia on vegetation-A review. Environ. Pollut. 86:43-82.
2. Van der Eeerden, L. J. M., P. H. B. de Viser, and C. J. van Dijk. 1998. Risk of damage to crops in the direct neighborhood of ammonia sources. Environ. Pollut. 102:49-53.
3. Sutton, M. A., and D. Fowler. 2002. Introduction: Fluxes and impacts of atmospheric ammonia on national, landscape, and farm scales. Environ. Pollut. 119:7-8.
4. NRC. 2003. Air Emissions. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
5. United State Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. National Emission Inventory-Ammonia Emission from Animal Agricultural Operations: Revised Draft Report, April 2005. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html Accessed Oct. 2006.
6. Elwinger, K., and L. Svenson. 1996. Effect of dietary protein content, litter, and drinker type on ammonia emission from broiler houses. J. Agric. Res. 64:197-208.
7. Ferguson, N. S., R. S. Gates, J. L. Taraba, A. H. Cantor, A. J. Pescatore, M. L. Straw, M. J. Ford, and D. J. Burnham. 1998. The effect of dietary protein and phosphorus on ammonia concentration and litter composition in broilers. Poult. Sci. 77:1085-1093.
8. Jones, T. A., C. A. Donnelly, and M. S. Dawkins. 2005. Environmental and management factors affecting the welfare of chickens on commercial farms in the United Kingdom and Denmark stocked at five densities. Poult. Sci. 84:1155-1165.
9. Kim, W. K., and P. H. Patterson. 2005. Effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the hen performance, ammonia volatilization, and nitrogen retention in manure. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 40:675-686.
10. Moritz, J. S., A. S. Parsons, N. P. Buchanan, and J. L. Pimentel. 2005. Effect of egg yolk antibodies on broiler performance. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):178. (Abstr.)
11. Parker, J., E. O. Oviedo-Rondón, S. Clemente-Hernández, and B. Clack. 2005. Feed additives, and Eimeria spp. vaccination and/or infection over microbial uricase activity to reduce ammonia volatilization from broiler manure. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):204. (Abstr.)
12. Patterson, P. H., and Adrizal. 2005. Management strategies to reduce air emissions: Emphasis-Dust and ammonia. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14:638-650.
13. Tyndall, J., and J. Collettii. 2000. Air Quality and Shelterbelts: Odor Mitigation and Livestock Production: A Literature Review. Final Project Report. Forestry Dept., Iowa State Univ., Ames.
14. Malone, G., G. Van Wicklen, S. Collier, and D. Hansen. 2006. Efficacy of vegetative environmental buffers to capture emissions from tunnel ventilated poultry houses. Pages 875-878 in Proc. Workshop on Agric. Air Qual.: State of the Science. Potomac, MD. Dept. Commun. Serv., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
15. 4-plants. Atmos. Environ. 32:539-544.
16. Patterson, P. H., Adrizal, R. M. Hulet, R. M. Bates, C. Myers, G. Martin, R. Shockey, and M. van der Grinten. 2008. Vegetative buffers for fan emissions from poultry farms: 1. Temperature and foliar nitrogen. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 43:199-204.
17. Patterson, P. H., Adrizal, R. M. Hulet, R. M. Bates, D. A. Despot, E. F. Wheeler, and P. A. Topper. 2008. The potential for plants to trap emissions from farms with laying hens: 1.Ammonia. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 17:54-63.
18. Reynolds, S. J., D. Y. Chao, P. S. Thorne, P. Subramanian, P. F. Waldron, M. Selim, P. S. Whitten, and W. J. Popendorf. 1998. Field comparison of methods for evaluation of vapor/particle phase distribution of ammonia in livestock buildings. J. Agric. Saf. Health 4:81-93.
19. Siefert, R. L., J. R. Scudlark, A. G. Potter, K. A. Simonsen, and K. B. Savidge. 2004. Characterization of atmospheric ammonia emissions from a commercial chicken house on the Delmarva Peninsula. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:2769-2778.
20. Borrelli, J., J. Gregory, and W. Abtew. 1989. Wind barriers: A reevaluation of height, spacing, and porosity. Trans. ASAE 32:2023-2027.
21. Raupach, M. R., N. Woods, G. Dorr, J. F. Leys, and H. A. Cleugh. 2001. The entrapment of particles by windbreaks. Atmos. Environ. 35:3373-3383.
22. Leuty, T. 2004. Using shelterbelts to reduce odors associated with livestock production barns. Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs. Ontario, CA. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/info_odours.htm Accessed Oct. 2006.
23. The air speed was measured with a no. 451112 thermo-anemometer, Extech Instruments, Waltham, MA.
24. Cole-Parmer Instrument Co., Vernon Hills, IL.
25. Frey Bros., Reading, PA.
26. No. 90326, Scotts-Sierra Horticultural Products Co., Marysville, OH.
27. 3 reading.
28. No. 3D, Gastec Corp., Fukaya, Japan.
29. Hobo Pro Series (H08-032-08), Onset Computer, Bourne, MA.
30. Model RJ 1412 HPL Type 4X, Robroy Industries, Belding, MI.
31. Model AFC-123, BGI Incorporated, Waltham, MA. A 37-mm clear styrene cassette (A-003750-3) equipped with a 37-mm (diameter) by 0.8-μm (pore size) mixed cellulose ester filter with support pad (M-083700P; SKC Omega Specialty Division, Houston, TX) was connected via 0.64-cm polyvinyl chloride tubing to the pump. The cassette was loosened from its 3 parts with a cassette opener, and along with the filter and the support pad, they were placed in a desiccator for 30 min. Next, the support pad was fitted onto the bottom part (indicated by a blue plug on the bottom hole) of the cassette. The filter was passed over a static master (to reduce static charge) with a self-closing forceps before being weighed on a micro balance. This was done 3 times to get an average final weight. The filter was then placed on the support pad and covered with the middle part and the top part of the cassette. A red plug was used to cap the nose hole of the cassette. Room temperature and RH were recorded during the weighing time before and after dust measurement. On the site of dust measurement, the blue cap was unplugged from the cassette, connected to the air pump via 0.64-cm tubing, and taped to avoid air leakage. The red cap was unplugged and the cassette was connected to a flow meter to set the pump rate at 2.2 L/min. After disconnecting the flow meter from the nose hole of the cassette, the pump and the cassette were hung on a sheltered metal post at a height of 1.5 m to run for 8 h. Ten minutes after running the pump, poultry dust (scraped from the layer house floor) was flung and released from each fan inlet to increase the dust concentration discharge. Poultry dust was released hourly (1 kg/h per fan for 8 h). Before turning off the pump, the nose hole of the cassette was connected with a flow meter to ensure that the pump was running at approximately the same rate as when it was started. The cassette was then capped on the top, disconnected from the pump, capped on the bottom, and placed in a desiccator before being weighed. The weighing protocol was the same as that described previously when weighing the filter. The difference in weight of the filter before and after measurement and divided by the hours of measurement (8) was the weight of the total dust per hour.
32. >10, again with PM aerodynamic equivalent diameters of greater than 10 μm. Total PM was counted as the sum of the 3 PM categories.
33. SAS Institute. 2003. SAS for Windows, Version 9.1 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
34. Webb, J., B. Pain, and M. Sutton. 2002. Background to the problem of ammonia in the UK. Pages 6-13 in Ammonia in the UK. DEFRA, London, UK.
35. McGinn, S. M., H. H. Janzen, and T. Coates. 2003. Atmospheric pollutants and trace gases. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1173-1182.
36. Pitcairn, C. E. R., I. D. Leith, L. J. Sheppard, M. A. Sutton, D. Fowler, R. C. Munro, S. Tang, and D. Wilson. 1998. The relationship between nitrogen deposition, species composition, and foliar nitrogen concentrations in woodland flora in the vicinity of livestock farms. Environ. Pollut. 102(Suppl. 1):41-48.
37. Pitcairn, C. E. R., U. M. Skiba, M. A. Sutton, D. Fowler, R. Munro, and V. Kennedy. 2002. Defining the special impacts of poultry farm ammonia emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg Nitrogen Index, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide emissions and foliar nitrogen as marker variable. Environ. Pollut. 119:9-21.
38. Hao, X., C. Chang, H. H. Janzen, G. Clayton, and B. R. Hill. 2006. Sorption of atmospheric ammonia by soil and perennial grass downwind from two large cattle feedlots. J. Environ. Qual. 35:1960-1965.
39. Adrizal, P. H. Patterson, R. M. Hulet, and R. M. Bates. 2006. Growth and foliar nitrogen status of four plant species exposed to atmospheric ammonia. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 41:1001-1018.
40. 3). Pages 442-452 in Proc. Workshop on Agric. Air Qual.: State of the Science. Potomac, MD. Dept. Commun. Serv., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
41. 3) on terrestrial vegetation: A review. Environ. Pollut. 124:179-221.
42. Lin, X.-J., S. Barrington, J. Nicell, D. Choinière, and A. Vézina. 2006. Influence of windbreaks on livestock odour dispersion plume in the field. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 116:263-272.
43. Patterson, P. H., Adrizal, R. M. Hulet, R. M. Bates, C. Myers, G. Martin, R. Shockey, M. van der Grinten, and J. R. Thompson. 2008. Vegetative buffers for fan emissions from poultry farms: 2. Ammonia, dust, and foliar nitrogen. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 43:96-103.