Guideline-driven intervention on SCI-associated dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and glucose intolerance using pharmacological agents

Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 46-57

  Goldberg, Ronald B ^a,b,c  

^a Department of Medicine   (United States)

^b Lipid Clinic   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Dyslipidemia; Glucose intolerance; Metabolic syndrome; Pharmacotherapy

Indexed keywords

ACARBOSE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; BILE ACID SEQUESTRANT; COLESEVELAM; EZETIMIBE; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN SENSITIZING AGENT; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PIOGLITAZONE; PRAVASTATIN; ROSIGLITAZONE; SIBUTRAMINE; SIMVASTATIN; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TROGLITAZONE;

AGING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISABLED PERSON; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG MEGADOSE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FAMILY HISTORY; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MYALGIA; NUTRITION; OBESITY; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT COUNSELING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SCORING SYSTEM; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TREATMENT INDICATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 59849091218     PISSN: 10820744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1310/sci1403-46     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.
2. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al., American Heart Association, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112:2735-2752.
3. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J, and for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366:1059-1062.
4. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al., Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267-1278.
5. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al., National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227-239.
6. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Treating to new targets (TNT) investigators. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1425-1435.
7. Bauman WA, Adkins RH, Spungen AM, Waters RL. The effect of residual neurological deficit on oral glucose tolerance in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:765-771.
8. Howard BV, Best LG, Galloway JM, et al. Coronary heart disease risk equivalence in diabetes depends on concomitant risk factors. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:391-397.
9. Brunzell JD, Davidson M, Furberg CD, et al., American Diabetes Association, American College of Cardiology Foundation. Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: Consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:811-822.
10. Davidson MH, Maki KC, Pearson TA, et al. Results of the National Cholesterol Education (NCEP) Program Evaluation Project Utilizing Novel E-Technology (NEPTUNE) II survey and implications for treatment under the recent NCEP Writing Group recommendations. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:556-563.
11. D'Agostino S, Grundy S, Sullivan LM, Wilson P, for the CHD Risk Prediction Group. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: Results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA. 2001;286:180-187.
12. Lorenzo C, Williams K, Hunt KJ, Haffner SM. The National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization definitions of the metabolic syndrome as predictors of incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:8-13.
13. Bauman WA, Spungen AM. Coronary heart disease in individuals with spinal cord injury: Assessment of risk factors. Spinal Cord. 2008;46:466-476.
14. Edwards LA, Bugaresti JM, Buchholz AC. Visceral adipose tissue and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue are greater in adults with than in those without spinal cord injury, despite matching waist circumferences. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:600-660.
15. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Impact of intensive lifestyle and metformin therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:888-894.
16. de Zeeuw D, Bakker SJ. Does the metabolic syndrome add to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease? Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2008;5(Suppl 1):S10-14.
17. Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA. 2004;291:210-215.
18. Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, et al. ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document of coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:378-402.
19. Liu J, Sempos C, Donahue RP, Dorn J, Trevisan M, Grundy SM. Joint distribution of non-HDL and LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk prediction among individuals with and without diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1916-1921.
20. Barter PJ, Ballantyne CM, Carmena R, et al. Apo B versus cholesterol in estimating cardiovascular risk and in guiding therapy: Report of the thirty-person/ten-country panel. J Intern Med. 2006;259:247-258.
21. Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: Long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1245-1255.
22. Robins SJ, Collins D, Wittes JT, et al. Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:1585-1591.
23. Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1849-1861.
24. Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1237-1245.
25. Bauman WA, Spungen AM. Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in veterans with paraplegia or quadriplegia: A model of premature aging. Metabolism. 1994;43:749-756.
26. Abdul-Ghani MA, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1130-1139.
27. Crandall JP, Knowler WC, Kahn SE, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The prevention of type 2 diabetes. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008;4:382-393.
28. DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators, Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Bosch J, et al. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1096-1105.
29. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Med. 2007;24:137-144.
30. Nathan DM, Davidson MB, DeFronzo RA, et al., American Diabetes Association. Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: Implications for care. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:753-759.