A game of cat and fish: How to restore the balance in sustainable fisheries management

Ocean Development and International Law

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 97-125

  Sovacool, Benjamin K ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Fisheries conservation; Illegal; Overfishing; Unregulated (IUU) fishing; Unreported

Indexed keywords

DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; FISHERY POLICY; OVERFISHING; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 59649123224     PISSN: 00908320     EISSN: 15210642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00908320802631486     Document Type: Article

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136. Ibid., at 33-41.
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143. Ibid.
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145. Ibid., at 510.
146. On September 24, 2007, the United States announced new regulations requiring all imports of toothfish entering the country be documented using an ECD system. The scheme allows U.S. officials to access a unique document online for each shipment. Given that the electronic information for incoming U.S. shipments is only accessible by a toothfish import control officer, it is exceptionally difficult for it to fall into the hands of any party outside of the system, minimizing the occurrence of falsification and fraud. The new regulations also require that any catch entering the United States must have been harvested while using the centralized VMS regardless of the location of the catch. Although the United States took some criticism for its unilateral position (which essentially goes beyond the requirements of CCAMLR), the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization has stated, for now, that it does not constitute an antidiscriminatory trade practice and is approved under global trading rules. See World Trade Organization, The Environmental Benefits of Removing Trade Restrictions and Distortions: The Fisheries Sector, Note by the Secretariat, WT/CTE/W/16 (Geneva: WTO, Oct. 16, 2000).
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165. Gordon Helm, "U.S. Bans Bluefin Tuna Imports from Three Nations Fishing in Violation of ICCAT," Aug. 21, 1997, available at www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/pr97/aug97/noaa97-r158.html (accessed 10 October 2008).
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167. See Lent, supra note 130.
168. See DeSombre, supra note 88.
169. Ibid.
170. See Gregory Shaffer, "International Decision: United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products. WTO Doc. WT/DS58/AB/ R," American Journal of International Law 93 (1999): 507-514
171. Louise de La Fayette, "International Decision: United Sates - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products - Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Malaysia," American Journal of International Law 96 (2002): 685-692
172. and DeSombre, supra note 88, at 73-95.
173. See DeSombre, supra note 88, at 93.
174. See World Trade Organization 2000, supra note 114.
175. See Hilborn et al., supra note 6.
176. Ibid., at 374.
177. See Hardin, supra note 19, at 1247.