The link between local environment and obesity: A multilevel analysis in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 68, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 601-609

  Santana, Paula ^a   Santos, Rita ^a   Nogueira, Helena ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Body mass index (BMI); Diet; Healthy urban planning; Lisbon Metropolitan Area; Physical activity; Portugal

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY PATTERN; BODY MASS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH RISK; METROPOLITAN AREA; OBESITY; SOCIAL CAPITAL; URBAN PLANNING; WEIGHT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BODY MASS INDEX; CITY PLANNING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENVIRONMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PORTUGAL; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; WEIGHT GAIN; YOUNG ADULT;

EURASIA; EUROPE; LISBOA [PORTUGAL]; LISBON; PORTUGAL; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 59649095276     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.033     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. ACS. Plano Nacional de Saúde: Indicadores e Metas do PNS (2008), Ministério da Saúde - Alto Comissariado da Saúde. http://www.acs.min-saude.pt/pns consulted January 3, 2008, http://www.acs.min-saude.pt/pns/
2. Backett-Milburn K., Wills W., Gregory S., and Lawton J. Making sense of eating, weight and risk in the early teenage years: views and concerns of parents in poorer socio-economic circumstances. Social Science & Medicine 63 (2006) 624-635
3. Bauman A., Smith B., Stoker L., Bellew B., and Booth M. Geographical influences upon physical activity participation: evidence of a 'coastal effect'. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 23 3 (1999) 322-324
4. Borders T.F., Rohrer J.E., and Cardarelli K.M. Gender-specific disparities in obesity. Journal of Community Health 31 1 (2006) 57-68
5. Calthorpe P., and Fulton W. The regional city. Planning for the end of sprawl (2001), Island Press, Washington
6. Carstairs V., and Morris R. Deprivation and health in Scotland (1991), Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen
7. Cerin E., Leslie E., du Toit L., Owen N., and Frank L.D. Destinations that matter: associations with walking for transport. Health & Place 13 3 (2007) 713-724
8. Cohen D., Finch B., Bower A., and Sastry N. Collective efficacy and obesity: the potential influence of social factors on health. Social Science & Medicine 62 (2006) 769-778
9. Cummins S., Macintyre S., Davidson S., and Ellaway A. Measuring neighbourhood social and material context: generation and interpretation of ecological data from routine and non-routine sources. Health & Place 11 3 (2005) 249-260
10. Cummins S., Curtis S., Diez-Roux A.V., and Macintyre S. Understanding and representing, `place' in health research: a relational approach. Social Science & Medicine Special Issue 65 (2007) 1825-1838
11. Demarest S., Roskam A., Cox B., Regidor E., Van Oyen H., Mackenbach J., et al. Socio economic inequalities in leisure time physical activity. Tackling health inequalities in Europe: An integrated approach (2007) EUROTHINE Final Report
12. Doyle S., Kelly-Schawartz A., Scholossberg M., and Stockard J. Active community environments and health: the relationship of walkable and safe communities to individual health. Journal of the American Planning Association I (2006) 19-31
13. Ellaway A., Anderson A., and Macintyre S. Does area of residence affect body size and shape?. International Journal of Obesity 21 (1997) 304-308
14. Ellaway A., Macintyre S., and Bonnefoy X. Graffiti, greenery, and obesity in adults: secondary analysis of European cross sectional survey. BMJ 331 (2005) 611-612
15. Eurobaromater. European commission, the citizens of the European union and sport. Eurobarometer Special Surveys (2004) 213 Consulted January 3, 2008, from
16. Frank L.D., Sallis J.F., Conway T.L., Chapman J.E., Saelens B.E., and Bachman W. Many pathways from land use of health: associations between neighborhood walkability and active transportation, body mass index, and air quality. Journal of the American Planning Association I (2006) 75-87
17. Goldstein H. Multilevel statistical models. 2nd ed. (1995), John Wiley, New York
18. Goldstein H., and Rasbash J. Improved approximations for multilevel models with binary responses. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A 159 (1996) 505-513
19. INE. Censos 2001: Recenseamento Nacional da População (2001), INE, Lisboa. www.ine.pt
20. Jochelson, K. (2004). The Public Health Impact of Cities & Urban Planning. Report. London Development Agency: King's Fund.
21. Kim D., Subramanian S., Gortmaker S., and Kawachi I. US state-and county- level social capital in relation to obesity and physical inactivity: a multilevel, multivariable analysis. Social Science & Medicine 63 (2006) 1045-1059
22. Kjellstrom T. Our cities, our health, our future: Acting on social determinants for health equity in urban settings (2007), WHO Centre for Health Development, Kobe, Japan
23. Leslie E., Coffee N., Frank L., Owen N., Bauman A., and Hugo G. Walkability of local communities: using geographical information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes. Health & Place 13 (2007) 111-122
24. Long J.S. Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. 1st ed. (1997), SAGE Publications, USA
25. Macdonald L., Cummins S., and Macintyre S. Neighbourhood fast food environment and area deprivation-substitution or concentration?. Appetite 49 1 (2007) 251-254
26. Macintyre S. The black report and beyond what are issues?. Social Science & Medicine 44 6 (1997) 723-745
27. Macintyre S., Ellaway A., and Cummins S. Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?. Social Science & Medicine 55 (2002) 125-139
28. McNeill L., Kreuter M., and Subramanian S. Social environment and physical activity: a review of concepts and evidence. Social Science & Medicine 63 (2006) 1011-1022
29. Nogueira H., Santana P., and Santos R. Linking perceptions of health to neighbourhood environment in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. The sustainable city IV - Urban regeneration and sustainability (2006), Witpress pp. 723-731
30. OECD. Health data 2006 (2006), OECD, Paris
31. Parkes A., and Kearns A. The multi-dimensional neighbourhood and health: a cross-sectional analysis of the Scottish Housing Survey, 2001. Health & Place 12 1 (2006) 1-18
32. Pendola R., and Gen S. BMI, auto use, and the urban environment in San Francisco. Health & Place 13 2 (2007) 551-556
33. Poortinga W. Perceptions of the environment, physical activity, and obesity. Social Science & Medicine 63 (2006) 2835-2846
34. Poortinga W. Social relations or social capital? Individual and community health effects of bonding social capital. Social Science & Medicine 63 (2006) 255-270
35. Poston W.S., and Foreyt J.P. Obesity is an environmental issue. Atherosclerosis 146 2 (1999) 201-209
36. Rasbash J., Steele F., Browne W., and Prosser B. A user's guide to MLwiN (2008), Center for Multilevel Modelling, Institute of Education, University of London, London
37. Raudenbush S.W., and Bryk A.S. Hierarchical linear models, applications and data analysis methods (2002), SAGE Publications, Londres
38. Robert S., and Reither E. A multilevel analysis of race, community disadvantage, and body mass index among adults in the US. Social Science & Medicine 59 (2004) 2421-2434
39. Sampson R.J., Raudenbush S.W., and Earls F. Neighbourhood and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277 5328 (1997) 918-924
40. Santana P. Poverty, social exclusion and health in Portugal. Social Science & Medicine 55 (2002) 33-45
41. Santana, P. & Nogueira, H. (2008). Environment and health: place, sense of place and weight gain in urban areas. In John Eyles & Williams (ed.), Place, sense of place and quality of life, pp. 153-165.
42. Santana, P., Nogueira, H. & Santos, R. (2007). Comunidades sustentáveis: impacte do contexto social e material no aumento de peso e obesidade. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais, Dezembro 11, 2007, pp. 23-29.
43. Schoeppe S., and Braubach M. Tackling obesity by creating healthy residential environments. WHO Europe (2007), Denmark, Copenhagen Ø
44. Spiegelhater, Best, Carlin, and van der Linde. Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B 64 (2002) 583-639
45. Stafford M., Cummins S., Ellaway A., Sacker A., Wiggins R.D., and Macintyre S. Pathways to obesity: identifying local, modifiable determinants of physical activity and diet. Social Science & Medicine 65 (2007) 1882-1897
46. Sundquist K., and Yang M. Linking social capital and self-rated health: a multi-level analysis of 11,175 men and women in Sweden. Health and Place 13 (2007) 324-334
47. Swinburn M.D.B., Egger P.D.G., and Raza M.A.F. Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity. Preventive Medicine 29 (1999) 563-570
48. Van Lenthe F.J., Brug J., and Mackenbach J.P. Neighbourhood inequalities in physical inactivity: the role of neighbourhood attractiveness, proximity to local facilities and safety in the Netherlands. Social Science & Medicine 60 (2005) 763-775
49. Van Lenthe F.J., and Mackenbach J.P. Neighbourhood deprivation and overweight: the GLOBE study. International Journal of Obesity 26 (2002) 234-240
50. Vlahov D., Galea S., Gibbe E., and Freudenberg N. Perspectives on urban conditions and population health. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 21 3 (2005) 949-957
51. Wilson K., Elliot S., Law M., Eyles J., Jerret M., and Keller-Olaman S. Linking perceptions of neighbourhood to health in Hamilton, Canada. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 58 3 (2004) 192-198
52. Wilkinson R.G. The impact of inequality (2005), New Press, New York