Rape in war is common, devastating, and too often ignored

PLoS Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 0001-0003

  Barbour, Virginia ^a   Clark, Jocalyn ^a   Peiperl, Larry ^a   Veitch, Emma ^a   Wong, Mai ^a   Yamey, Gavin ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRIME; EDITORIAL; GENITAL INJURY; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE; PSYCHOTRAUMA; RAPE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; UNWANTED PREGNANCY; WAR;

EID: 59249096783     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000021     Document Type: Editorial

References (31)

1. Donohoe M (2004) War, rape, and genocide: Never again? Medscape Ob/Gyn & Women's Health. Available: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/491147. Accessed 22 December 2008.
2. World Health Organization (2008) Sexual violence. Available: http://www.who.int/gender/violence/sexual-violence/en/index.html. Accessed 22 December 2008.
3. Human Rights Watch (2002) The war within the war: Sexual violence against women and girls in Eastern Congo. Available: http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/ 2002/drc/Congo0602.pdf. Accessed 22 December 2008.
4. United Nations Security Council (1999) Fourth Annual Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the General Assembly. Available: http://69.94.11.53/ENGLISH/annualreports/a54/9925571e.htm. Accessed 22 December 2008.
5. Shanks L, Schull M (2000) Rape in war: The humanitarian response. CMAJ 163: 1152-1156.
6. Wiss S, Giller J (1993) Rape as a crime of war. JAMA 270: 612-615.
7. Coghlan B, Brennan RJ, Ngoy P, Dofara D, Otto B, et al. (2006) Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A nationwide survey. Lancet 367: 44-51.
8. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2008) Global appeal 2009 update. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Available: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/ PUBL/4922d4100.pdf. Accessed 22 December 2008.
9. Turkovich T (2008 June 2004) As DR Congo crisis persists, UN classifies rape as weapon of war. UNICEF. Available: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ drcongo-44598.html. Accessed 22 December 2008.
10. Ensler E, Lewis S. The never ending war. Huffington Post. Available: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eve-ensler-and-stephen-lewis/ the-never-ending- war-b-150668.html. Accessed 29 December 2008.
11. Goodspeed P (2008 December 1) Rape now war strategy in Congo, doctor says. National Post. Available: http://www.nationalpost.com/news/world/story. html?id=1015611. Accessed 22 December 2008.
12. Holmes J (2007 October 11) Congo's rape war - Savage sexual violence is sweeping the troubled nation, demanding a global response. Los Angeles Times. Available: http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/11/opinion/oe-holmes11. Accessed 22 December 2008.
13. The Guardian (2008) World News: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/congo. Accessed 22 December 2008.
14. The Stephen Lewis Foundation (2007 September 13) Stephen Lewis calls for a new UN initiative to end sexual violence in the eastern region of the DRC. Available: http://www.stephenlewisfoundation.org/news-item.cfm?news= 1988&year=2007. Accessed 22 December 2008.
15. Greenberg J (2008 January 23) "Silence" gives voice to Congo's rape victims. Reuters. Available: http://www.reuters.com/article/reviewsNews/ idUSN2310829020080124?fb-page-id=8392031367&. Accessed 29 December 2008.
16. Amnesty International (2004) Sudan: Darfur: Rape as a weapon of war: Sexual violence and its consequences. Available: http://www.amnesty.org/en/ library/info/AFR54/076/2004. Accessed 22 December 2008.
17. Smith-Spark L (2004 August 1) How did rape become a weapon of war? Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in-depth/4078677.stm. Accessed 22 December 2008.
18. Kristof N (2008 June 15) The weapon of rape. The New York Times. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/15/opinion/15kristof.html. Accessed 22 December 2008.
19. Médecins Sans Frontières (2005) The crushing burden of rape: Sexual violence in Darfur. Available: http://www.doctorswithoutborders. org/publications/reports/2005/sudan03.pdf. Accessed 22 December 2008.
20. Worsnip P (2008 June 20) U.N. categorizes rape as a war tactic. Reuters. Available: http://africa.reuters.com/world/news/usnN19485901.html. Accessed 29 December 2008.
21. Human Rights Watch (2008) Five years on, no justice for sexual violence in Darfur. Available: http://hrw.org/en/reports/2008/04/06/five-years-0. Accessed 22 December 2008.
22. Amnesty International (2008) North Kivu: No end to war on women and children. Available: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR62/005/2008/en/ f23caedf-8e4a-11dd-8e5e-43ea85d15a69/afr620052008en.html. Accessed 22 December 2008.
23. Glassborow K (2008 October 17) ICC investigative strategy under fire. Available: http://www.iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o=347200&apc-state=henh. Accessed 22 December 2008.
24. United Nations General Assembly (2005) A comprehensive strategy to eliminate future sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations peacekeeping operations. Available: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/LKAU-6B6G4D/ $file/Zeid%20report%20-A-59-710-%20English.pdf?openelement. Accessed 22 December 2008.
25. Bowcott O (2005 March 25) Report reveals shame of UN peacekeepers. The Guardian. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/mar/25/unitednations. Accessed 22 December 2008.
26. Amowitz LL, Kim G, Reis C, Asher JL, Iacopino V (2004) Human rights abuses and concerns about women's health and human rights in southern Iraq. JAMA 291: 1471-1479.
27. [No authors listed] (2004) Sudan and its new weapons of war. Lancet 364: 390.
28. Wakabi W (2008) Sexual violence increasing in Democratic Republic of Congo. Lancet 371: 15-16.
29. Hicks MH-R, Spagat M (2008) The Dirty War Index: A public health and human rights tool for examining and monitoring armed conflict outcomes. PLoS Med 5: e243. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050243
30. Taback N (2008) The Dirty War Index: Statistical issues, feasibility, and interpretation. PLoS Med 5: e248. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050248
31. Sondorp E (2008) A new tool for measuring the brutality of war. PLoS Med 5: e249. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050249