Clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks: An overview

Sensors

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 56-85

  Rhee, Ill Keun ^a   Lee, Jaehan ^b   Kim, Jangsub ^b   Serpedin, Erchin ^b   Wu, Yik Chung ^c  

^a Hannam University   (South Korea)

^b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Clock offset; Clock skew; Clock synchronization; Wireless sensor networks

Indexed keywords

CLOCK OFFSET; CLOCK SKEWS; CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; COMMUNICATING COMPONENTS; MICRO ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM (MEMS); MULTIFUNCTIONAL SENSOR NODES; SENSING DEVICES; WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSNS);

DATA PROCESSING; ELECTRIC CLOCKS; MECHANICAL CLOCKS; MEMS; SENSORS; WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS;

SENSOR NODES;

EID: 59249091834     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s90100056     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Hill, J.; Horton, M.; Kling, R.; Krishnamurthy, L. The platforms enabling wireless sensor networks. Commun. ACM 2004, 6, 41-46.
2. The Intel Mote. Intel Corporation Homepage, http://www.intel.com/ research/expl.oratory/ motes.htm (accessed November 10, 2008).
3. SmartDust, Autonomous sensing and communication in a cubic millimeter Homepage. http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ (accessed November 10, 2008).
4. TinyOS. An operating system for networked sensors Homepage, http://www.tinyos.net (accessed November 10, 2008).
5. Akyildiz, I; Su, W.; Sankarasubramanian, Y; Cayirci, E. Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 2002, 4, 393-422.
6. Distributed Surveillance Sensor Network. ONR SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego Homepage. http://www.spawar.navy.mil/robots/undersea/dssn/dssn.html (accessed November 10, 2008)
7. CENS: Monitoring of marine microorganisms Homepage, http://www.cens.ucla. edu/ Research/Applications/momm.htm (accessed November 10, 2008).
8. CENS: Seismic monitoring and structural response Homepage, http://www.cens.ucla.edu/ Research/ Applications/seismicmonitor.htm (accessed on November 15, 2008)
9. Szewczyk, R.; Osterweil, E.; Polastre, J.; Hamilton, M.; Mainwaring, A.; Estrin, D. Habitat monitoring with sensor networks. Commun. ACM 2004, 6, 34-40.
10. Johnson, P. et al. Remote continuous physiological monitoring in the home. J. Telemed. Telecare 1996, 2, 107-113.
11. Akyildiz, I.F.; Akan, O.; Chen, C.; Fang, J.; Su, W. InterPlaNetary Internet: state-of-the-art and research challenges. Comput. Netw. 2003, 2, 75-112.
12. Burleigh, S.; Cerf, V.; Durst, R.; Fall, K.; Hooke, A.; Scott, K.; Weiss, H. The InterPlaNetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration. In 53rd International Astronautical Congress, The World Space Congress, Houston, Texas, October 2002.
13. Lemmerman, L.; Delin, K.; Hadaegh, F.; Lou, M.; Bhasin, K.; Bristow, J.; Connerton, R.; Pasciuto, M. Earth science vision: platform technology challenges. In Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2001), Sydney, Australia, 2001.
14. The sensor web project, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Homepage, http://sensorwebs.jpl. nasa.gov (accessed November 10, 2008).
15. The deep space sensor network, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Homepage. http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsn (accessed November 15, 2008).
16. Space Missions Homepage, http://www.galacticsurf.net/missionsGB.htm (accessed November 15, 2008).
17. Chart on the Web. Maryland Department of Transportation Homepage. http://www.chart.state. md.us/ (accessed November 10, 2008).
18. Li, Q.; DeRosa, M.; Rus, D. Distributed algorithms for guiding navigation across a sensor network. In Proceedings of Ninth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, San Diego, CA, USA, September 2003, pp. 313-326.
19. Want, R; Hopper, A.; Falcao, V.; Gibbons, J. The active badge location system. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 1992, 1, 91-102.
20. Werb, J.; Lanzl, C. Designing a positioning system for finding things and people indoors. IEEE Spectr. 1998, 9, 71-78.
21. Sundararaman, B. et al. Clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks: a survey. Ad Hoc Netw. 2005, 3, 281-323.
22. Zhao, F.; Guibas, L. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach. Morgan Kaufmann: San Francisco, CA, USA, 2004; pp. 107-117.
23. Mills, D. L. Internet time synchronization: the network time protocol. IEEE Trans. Commun. 1991, 10, 1482-1493.
24. Bulusu, N.; Jha, S. Wireless Sensor Networks: A Systems Perspective, Artech House: Norwood MA, USA, 2005.
25. Elson, J.; Girod, L.; Estrin, D. Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts. In Procedings. of the Fifth Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation, Boston, MA, USA, Dec. 2002.
26. Elson, J.; Estrin, D. Time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2001), Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 2001.
27. Noh, K.L.; Serpedin, E.; Qaraqe, K. A new approach for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: pairwise broadcast synchronization. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 2008, 9, 3318-3322.
28. Kay, S.M. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, Vol. I. Estimation Theory. Prentice Hall: New York, NY, USA, 1993.
29. Ganeriwal, S.; Kumar, R; Srivastava, M.B. Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Nov. 2003; pp. 138-149.
30. Verissimo, P.; Rodrigues, L.; Casimiro, A. CesiumSpray: a precise and accurate global time service for large-scale systems. Journal of Real-Time Systems, 1997, 3, 243-294.
31. Narasimhan, S., Kunniyur, S.S. Effect of network parameters on delay in wireless ad-hoc networks. University of Pennsylvania Technical Report, June 2004.
32. Papoulis, A. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 3 Ed; McGraw-Hill: Columbus, OH, USA, 1991.
33. Leon-Garcia, A. Probability and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering, 2 Ed, Addison- Wesley: Reading, MA, USA, 1993.
34. Paxson, V. On calibrating measurements of packet transit times. ACM Sigmetrics Perf. Eval. Rev., 1998, 25, 11-21.
35. Abdel-Ghaffar, H.S. Analysis of synchronization algorithm with time-out control over networks with exponentially symmetric delays. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2002, 10, 1652-1661.
36. Noh, K.L.; Chaudhari, Q.; Serpedin, E; Suter, B. Novel clock phase offset and skew estimation using two-way timing message exchanges for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2007, 4, 166-111.
37. Jeske, D.R. On the maximum likelihood estimation of clock offset. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2005, 1, 53-54.
38. Lee, J.; Kim, J.; Serpedin, E. Clock offset estimation in wireless sensor networks using bootstrap bias correction. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications (WASA'08), Dallas, TX, USA, October 26-28, 2008.
39. Efron, B.; Tibshirani, R.J. An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Chapman & Hall: Boca Raton, 1993.
40. Zoubir, A.M.; Iskander, D.R. Bootstrap Techniques for Signal Processing, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2004.
41. Mock, M.; Frings, R.; Nett, E.; Trikaliotis, S. Continuous clock synchronization in wireless real-time applications. In Proceedings of 19th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS'OO), October 2000; pp. 125-133.
42. Ping, S. Delay measurement time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. Intel Research, IRB-TR-03-013, June 2003.
43. Su, W.; Akyildiz, I.F. Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 2005, 2, 384-397.
44. PalChaudhuri, S.; Saha, A.; Johnson, D.B. Probabilistic clock synchronization service in sensor networks, Technical Report TR 03-418, Department of Computer Science, Rice University: Houston, TX, USA, 2003.
45. Arvind, K. Probabilistic clock synchronization in distributed systems. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 1994, 5, 474-487.
46. Maroti, M.; Kusy, B.; Simon, G.; Ledeczi, A. The flooding time synchronization protocol. In Conference On Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Proceedings, of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA, 2004; ACM: New York, NY, USA; pp. 39-49.
47. Caffery, J.; Stuber, G.L. Nonlinear multiuser parameter estimation and tracking in CDMA systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2000, 12, 2053-2063.
48. Doucet, A. Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian estimation of hidden Markov models. Applications to Radiation Signals. PhD thesis, University Paris-Sud: Orsay, France; Chapters 4 and 5, 1997.
49. Doucet, A.; de Freitas, N.; Gordon, N. Sequential Monte-Carlo Methods in Practice; Springer-Verlag: New York, 2001.
50. Bergman, N. Recursive Bayesian estimation: navigation and tracking applications. PhD Thesis, Linkoping University: Linkoping, Sweden, 1999.
51. Arulampalam, M.; Maskell, S.; Gordon, N.; Clapp, T. A tutorial on particle filters for on-line nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian Tracking. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 2002, 2, 174-188.
52. Bar-Shalom, Y.; Li, X.R. Estimation and Tracking: Principles, Techniques and Software. Artech House: Boston, MA, USA, 1998.
53. Chaudhari, Q.; Serpedin, E.; Qaraqe, K.; On maximum likelihood estimation of clock offset and skew in networks with exponential delays. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 2008, 4, 1685-1697.
54. Jeske, D.R.; Sampath, A. Estimation of clock offset using bootstrap bias-correction techniques. Technometrics 2003, 3, 256-261.
55. Jeske, D.R.; Chakravartty, A. Effectiveness of bootstrap bias correction in the context of clock offset estimators. Technometrics 2006, 4, 530-538.