Small cell (Neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the prostate: Etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic implications-A retrospective study of 30 patients from the rare cancer network

American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Volumn 336, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 478-488

  Stein, Moshe E ^a,j   Bernstein, Zvi ^a,b   Abacioglu, Ufuc ^c   Sengoz, Meric ^c   Miller, Robert C ^d   Meirovitz, Amichai ^e   Zouhair, Abadou ^f   Freixa, Salvador Villá ^g   Poortmans, Philip H ^h   Ash, Robert ⁱ   Kuten, Abraham ^a  

^a RAMBAM MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^b Italian Hospital of Haifa   (Israel)

^c MARMARA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Turkey)

^d MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^e HADASSAH HEBREW UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^f LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^g Department of Radiation Oncology   (Spain)

^h DR BERNARD VERBEETEN INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

ⁱ LONDON REGIONAL CANCER PROGRAM   (Canada)

^j Rambam Health Care Campus ^*  (Israel)

more..

Author keywords

Prostate; Small cell carcinoma; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; CARBOPLATIN; CISPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; DOXORUBICIN; ESTRAMUSTINE; ETOPOSIDE; GONADORELIN; VINCRISTINE;

ADULT; ADVANCED CANCER; AGED; ARTICLE; BIOLOGY; BONE METASTASIS; BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER RELAPSE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; EARLY CANCER; HUMAN; LIVER METASTASIS; LUNG METASTASIS; MALE; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; ORCHIECTOMY; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATE CARCINOMA; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SMALL CELL CARCINOMA; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; METASTASIS; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROSTATE TUMOR;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 59049096202     PISSN: 00029629     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181731e58     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Wenk RE, Bhagavan BS, Levy R, et al. Ectopic ACTH, prostatic oat cell carcinoma, and marked hypernatremia. Cancer 1977;40:773-8.
2. Palmgren JS, Karavadia SS, Wakefield MR. Unusual and underappreciated: small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Semin Oncol 2007;34:22-9.
3. Di Sant'Agnese PA, Cockett AT. The prostatic endocrineparacrine (neuroendocrine) regulatory system and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma: a review and future directions in basic research. J Urol 1994;152:1927-31.
4. Hansson J, Abrahamsson PA. Neuroendocrine pathogenesis in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Ann Oncol 2001;12: S145-S152.
5. Tetu B, Ro JY, Ayala AG, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Part I. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Cancer 1987;59:1803-9.
6. Helpap B, Kollermann J. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate with small cell features: immunohistochemical subtyping and reflections on histogenesis. Virchows Arch 1999;434:385-91.
7. Richardson RL, Weiland LH. Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma in extrapulmonary sites. Semin Oncol 1982;9: 484-96.
8. Shahab N, Mirza IA, Doll D. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 2007;34:1-67.
9. Galanis E, Frytak S, Lloyd RV. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Cancer 1997;79:1729-36.
10. Abrahamsson PA. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma. Prostate 1999;39:135-48.
11. Cohen RJ, Glezerson G, Haffejee Z. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase in neuroendocrine cells of prostate cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992;116: 65-6.
12. Aprikian AG, Cordon-Cardo C, Fair WR, et al. Characterization of neuroendocrine differentiation in human benign prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer 1993;71: 3952-65.
13. López Cubillana P, Martinez Barba E, Prieto A. Oat-cell carcinoma of the prostate. Diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic implications. Urol Int 2001;67:209-12.
14. Pearse A. The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept. J Histochem Cytochem 1969;17:303-13.
15. Di Sant'Agnese PA. Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Cancer 1992;70:254-68.
16. Yao JL, Madeb R, Bourne P, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:705-12.
17. Di Sant'Agnese PA, de Mesy Jensen KL. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma. Hum Pathol 1987;18: 849-56.
18. Fernandes RC, Matsushita MM, Mauad T, et al. Prostate carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: case report and literature review. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 2001;56:153-8.
19. Harper ME, Glynne-Jones E, Goddard L, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in prostatic tumours and its relationship to neuroendocrine cells. Br J Cancer 1996;74:910-6.
20. Adlakha H, Bostwick DG. Paneth cell-like change in prostatic adenocarcinoma represents neuroendocrine differentiation: report of 30 cases. Hum Pathol 1994;25:135-9.
21. Harper ME, Goddard L, Glynne-Jones E, et al. An immunocytochemical analysis of TGF alpha expression in benign and malignant prostatic tumors. Prostate 1993;23:9-23.
22. Harper ME, Goddard L, Glynne-Jones E, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression by northern analysis and immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant prostatic tumours. Eur J Cancer 1995;31A:1492-7.
23. Weaver MG, Abdul-Karim FW, Srigley JR. Paneth cell-like change and small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Two divergent forms of prostate neuroendocrine differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:1013-16.
24. Okada H, Gotoh A, Ogawa T, et al. Two cases of small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1996;30:503-8.
25. Venkatesh PK, Motwani B, Sherman N, et al. Metastatic pure small-cell carcinoma of prostate. Am J Med Sci 2004; 328:286-9.
26. Ghandur-Mnaymneh L, Satterfield S, Block NL. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland with inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion: morphological, immunohisto-chemical and clinical expressions. J Urol 1986;135:1263-6.
27. Freedy RM, Miller KD Jr. Small-cell carcinoma of the prostate: metastases to the brain as shown by CT and MR with pathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11:947-8.
28. Adshead F, De Graeff A, Mansi JL, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate: implications for management. Br J Urol 1991;67:217-8.
29. Spieth ME, Lin YG, Nguyen TT. Diagnosing and treating small-cell carcinomas of prostatic origin. Clin Nucl Med 2002; 27:11-7.
30. Papandreou CN, Daliani DD, Thall PF, et al. Results of a phase II study with doxorubicin, etoposide, and cisplatin in patients with fully characterized small-cell carcinoma of the prostate. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3072-80.
31. Brink I, Schumacher T, Mix M, et al. Impact of [18F] FDG-PET on the primary staging of small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:1614-20.
32. Spiess PE, Pettaway CA, Vakar-Lopez F, et al. Treatment outcomes of small cell carcinoma of the prostate: a single-center study. Cancer 2007;110:1729-37.
33. Haider K, Shahid RK, Finch D, et al. Extrapulmonary small cell cancer: a Canadian province's experience. Cancer 2006;107:2262-9.
34. Asmis TR, Reaume MN, Dahrouge S, et al. Genitourinary small cell carcinoma: a retrospective review of treatment and survival patterns at The Ottawa Hospital Regional Cancer Center. BJU Int 2006;97:711-5.
35. Aoki H, Ishidoya S, Ito A, et al. Experience of the treatment with gemcitabine, docetaxel, and carboplatin (GDC) chemotherapy for patients with small-cell carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Urol 2006;13:1254-8.
36. Blunt DM, Sansom HE, King DM. Imaging of small cell carcinoma of the male urogenital tract. Clin Radiol 1996;51: 724-7.
37. Murray N, Salgia R, Fossella FV. Targeted molecules in small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2004;31:106-11.
38. Krug LM. Vaccine therapy for small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2004;31:112-6.
39. Oesterling JE, Hauzeur CG, Farrow GM. Small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the prostate: a clinical, pathological and immunohistological study of 27 patients. J Urol 1992;147: 804-7.
40. Moore SR, Reinberg Y, Zhang G. Small cell carcinoma of prostate: effectiveness of hormonal versus chemotherapy. Urology 1992;39:411-6.
41. Tzannou IA, Karapanagiotou EM, Charpidou A, et al. The use of radiolabeled somatostatin analog scintigraphy in the staging of small cell lung cancer patients. Am J Clin Oncol 2007;30:503-6.
42. Zachariah B, Casey L, Zachariah SB, et al. Case report: brain metastasis from primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Am J Med Sci 1994;308:177-9.
43. Tremont-Lukats IW, Bobustuc G, Lagos GK, et al. Brain metastasis from prostate carcinoma: The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer 2003;98:363-8.