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34548275039
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Diet and primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents
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Daniels RD. Diet and primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. Circulation 2007; 116:973-974.
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(2007)
Circulation
, vol.116
, pp. 973-974
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Daniels, R.D.1
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36849015926
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Baker JL, Olsen LW, Sørensen TIA. Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:2329-2337. In this landmark study with nearly 300000 participants, the authors were able to show that even a slight increase in weight in childhood has fundamental effects on CHD risk in adulthood, and even a risk score of weight over the ideal could be estimated.
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Baker JL, Olsen LW, Sørensen TIA. Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:2329-2337. In this landmark study with nearly 300000 participants, the authors were able to show that even a slight increase in weight in childhood has fundamental effects on CHD risk in adulthood, and even a risk score of weight over the ideal could be estimated.
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3
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34548615331
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McMahan CA, Gidding SS, Viikari JS, et al. Association of Pathobiologic Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth risk score and 15-year change in risk score with carotid artery intima-media thickness in young adults (from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study). Am J Cardiol 2007; 100:1124-1129. PDAY study of autopsy findings in young adults has developed a risk score using coronary risk factors to estimate probability of vascular arterial lesions. This score was implemented in Young Finns study cohort and showed that the risk score values predicted carotid IMT also in Finnish young adults.
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McMahan CA, Gidding SS, Viikari JS, et al. Association of Pathobiologic Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth risk score and 15-year change in risk score with carotid artery intima-media thickness in young adults (from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study). Am J Cardiol 2007; 100:1124-1129. PDAY study of autopsy findings in young adults has developed a risk score using coronary risk factors to estimate probability of vascular arterial lesions. This score was implemented in Young Finns study cohort and showed that the risk score values predicted carotid IMT also in Finnish young adults.
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4
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43449110923
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Freedman DS, Patel DA, Srinivasan SR, et al. The contribution of childhood obesity to adult carotid intima-media thickness: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:749-756. Authors have studied 1142 young adults on average seven times and found that carotid IMT associated with levels of BMI in both childhood and adulthood. The results emphasize the adverse effects of elevated childhood BMI levels because they have an independent effect on adult IMT.
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Freedman DS, Patel DA, Srinivasan SR, et al. The contribution of childhood obesity to adult carotid intima-media thickness: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:749-756. Authors have studied 1142 young adults on average seven times and found that carotid IMT associated with levels of BMI in both childhood and adulthood. The results emphasize the adverse effects of elevated childhood BMI levels because they have an independent effect on adult IMT.
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5
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42149146178
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Juonala M, Viikari JS, Rönnemaa T, et al. Associations of dyslipidemias from childhood to adulthood with carotid intima-media thickness, elasticity, and brachial flow-mediated dilatation in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1012-1017. Type llb dyslipidemia has deleterious effects on vasculature already since childhood. Type llb dyslipidemia patients are more vulnerable to the effects of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome.
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Juonala M, Viikari JS, Rönnemaa T, et al. Associations of dyslipidemias from childhood to adulthood with carotid intima-media thickness, elasticity, and brachial flow-mediated dilatation in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1012-1017. Type llb dyslipidemia has deleterious effects on vasculature already since childhood. Type llb dyslipidemia patients are more vulnerable to the effects of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome.
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6
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41149113442
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McGill HC Jr, McMahan A, Gidding SS. Preventing heart disease in the 21 st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Circulation 2008; 117:1216-1227. This article summarizes evidence showing that CHD risk factors are associated with both the early and advanced stages of atherosclerosis. According to the authors, who have systematically analysed CHD risk factors and autopsy findings in young adults, the claim that 90% of CHD can be prevented should no longer be thought of as outrageous but as achievable, since absence of the major CHD risk factors at 50 years of age indicates 90% lower lifetime CHD risk for men.
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McGill HC Jr, McMahan A, Gidding SS. Preventing heart disease in the 21 st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Circulation 2008; 117:1216-1227. This article summarizes evidence showing that CHD risk factors are associated with both the early and advanced stages of atherosclerosis. According to the authors, who have systematically analysed CHD risk factors and autopsy findings in young adults, the claim that 90% of CHD can be prevented should no longer be thought of as outrageous but as achievable, since absence of the major CHD risk factors at 50 years of age indicates 90% lower lifetime CHD risk for men.
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7
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36148976818
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Arambepola C, Farmer AJ, Perera R, Neil HAW. Statin treatment for children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:339-347. This paper shows that statin therapy for children is both efficacious and well tolerated in short term, although long-term safety remains unclear, and that the current evidence supports treatment of children at highest risk, that is, those with FH. The heterogeneity in responsiveness was explained by differences in statins used and in their doses. For women, it is especially important to remember to stop statin therapy before conception.
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Arambepola C, Farmer AJ, Perera R, Neil HAW. Statin treatment for children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:339-347. This paper shows that statin therapy for children is both efficacious and well tolerated in short term, although long-term safety remains unclear, and that the current evidence supports treatment of children at highest risk, that is, those with FH. The heterogeneity in responsiveness was explained by differences in statins used and in their doses. For women, it is especially important to remember to stop statin therapy before conception.
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8
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Avis HJ, Vissers MN, Stein EA, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1803-1810. According to the authors, statin therapy should be considered for all familial hypercholesterolemia children from age 8 years upwards.
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Avis HJ, Vissers MN, Stein EA, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1803-1810. According to the authors, statin therapy should be considered for all familial hypercholesterolemia children from age 8 years upwards.
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9
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Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Jokinen E, et al. Impact of repeated dietary counseling between infancy and 14 years of age on dietary intakes and serum lipids and lipoproteins. The STRIP study. Circulation 2007; 116:1032-1040. This randomized prospective long-term study in 1062 patients shows that the relative fat Intakes decrease to their lowest levels ever during the second year of life, that is, to approximately 28-30 E% or less. Even though the total fat intake is quite low, a recommended level of saturated fat up to 10, is not achieved in Western societies. When healthy children are given advice to restrict SAFA intake, fat and SAFA intakes decrease by 2-3 E, Most importantly, when dietary counselling aiming at lower saturated fat intake is given in a supervised manner, it is not associated with any disturbances in growth or cognitive or pubertal development, but serum total and LDL cholesterol values decrease significantly. Boys have better serum lipid profile than girl
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Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Jokinen E, et al. Impact of repeated dietary counseling between infancy and 14 years of age on dietary intakes and serum lipids and lipoproteins. The STRIP study. Circulation 2007; 116:1032-1040. This randomized prospective long-term study in 1062 patients shows that the relative fat Intakes decrease to their lowest levels ever during the second year of life, that is, to approximately 28-30 E% or less. Even though the total fat intake is quite low, a recommended level of saturated fat (up to 10%) is not achieved in Western societies. When healthy children are given advice to restrict SAFA intake, fat and SAFA intakes decrease by 2-3 E%. Most importantly, when dietary counselling aiming at lower saturated fat intake is given in a supervised manner, it is not associated with any disturbances in growth or cognitive or pubertal development, but serum total and LDL cholesterol values decrease significantly. Boys have better serum lipid profile than girls before puberty, but this reverses in late puberty, mostly due to sharp decrease in HDL in boys.
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10
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34548186503
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Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: The younger, the better
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Early initiation of statin therapy delays the progression of carotid IMT in adolescents and young adults, without adverse effects on sexual maturation
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Rodenburg J, Vissers MN, Wiegman A, et al. Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: the younger, the better. Circulation 2007; 116:664-668. Early initiation of statin therapy delays the progression of carotid IMT in adolescents and young adults, without adverse effects on sexual maturation.
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(2007)
Circulation
, vol.116
, pp. 664-668
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Rodenburg, J.1
Vissers, M.N.2
Wiegman, A.3
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11
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34347225617
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Effects of a weight management program on body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight children: A randomized controlled trial
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Savoye M, Shaw M, Dziura J, et al. Effects of a weight management program on body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 297:2697-2704.
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(2007)
JAMA
, vol.297
, pp. 2697-2704
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Savoye, M.1
Shaw, M.2
Dziura, J.3
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12
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McCrindle BW, Urbina EM, Dennison BA, et al., American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee; American Heart Association Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Drug therapy of high-risk lipid abnormalities in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee, Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, with the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 2007; 115:1948-1967. A comprehensive AHA scientific statement on new evidence on the association of lipid abnormalities with early atherosclerosis and safety and efficacy of cholesterol-lowering treatments.
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McCrindle BW, Urbina EM, Dennison BA, et al., American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee; American Heart Association Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Drug therapy of high-risk lipid abnormalities in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee, Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, with the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 2007; 115:1948-1967. A comprehensive AHA scientific statement on new evidence on the association of lipid abnormalities with early atherosclerosis and safety and efficacy of cholesterol-lowering treatments.
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48249093075
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Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood
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Overweight children are considered a special risk category and are in need of cholesterol screening even without other CHD risk factors, and the Committee on Nutrition
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Daniels SR, Greer FR, and the Committee on Nutrition. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics 2008; 122:198-208. Overweight children are considered a special risk category and are in need of cholesterol screening even without other CHD risk factors.
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(2008)
Pediatrics
, vol.122
, pp. 198-208
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Daniels, S.R.1
Greer, F.R.2
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Wald DS, Bestwick JP, Wald NJ. Child-parent screening for familial hyper-cholesterolaemia: screening strategy based on a meta-analysis. BMJ 2007; 335:559. A meta-analysis with 1907 cases and 16 221 controls. Serum cholesterol concentration discriminated best people with and without familial hypercholesterolemia at ages 1-9 years, when detection rate was more than 90% and false positive rate less than 1 %.
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Wald DS, Bestwick JP, Wald NJ. Child-parent screening for familial hyper-cholesterolaemia: screening strategy based on a meta-analysis. BMJ 2007; 335:559. A meta-analysis with 1907 cases and 16 221 controls. Serum cholesterol concentration discriminated best people with and without familial hypercholesterolemia at ages 1-9 years, when detection rate was more than 90% and false positive rate less than 1 %.
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15
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Magnussen CG, Raitakari OT, Thomson R, et al. Utility of currently recommended pediatric dyslipidemia classifications in predicting dyslipidemia in adulthood: evidence from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH) study, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, and Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation 2008; 117:32-42. This study successfully combines data from three large CHD risk factor studies. Such retrospective work is difficult to perform, given that the studies were done in different populations and with different methods.
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Magnussen CG, Raitakari OT, Thomson R, et al. Utility of currently recommended pediatric dyslipidemia classifications in predicting dyslipidemia in adulthood: evidence from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH) study, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, and Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation 2008; 117:32-42. This study successfully combines data from three large CHD risk factor studies. Such retrospective work is difficult to perform, given that the studies were done in different populations and with different methods.
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Cohort profile: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study
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doi: 10.1093/ije/dym225, Epub ahead of print
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Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Rönnemaa T, et al. Cohort profile: the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study. Int J Epidemiol 2008. doi: 10.1093/ije/dym225. [Epub ahead of print]
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(2008)
Int J Epidemiol
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Raitakari, O.T.1
Juonala, M.2
Rönnemaa, T.3
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Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipid and lipoprotein changes: A 21-year follow-up study from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Grönroos P, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, et al. Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipid and lipoprotein changes: a 21-year follow-up study from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:592-598.
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(2007)
Clin Chem Lab Med
, vol.45
, pp. 592-598
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Grönroos, P.1
Raitakari, O.T.2
Kähönen, M.3
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34248176329
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McMahan CA, Gidding SS, Malcom GT, et al., Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Comparison of coronary heart disease risk factors in autopsied young adults from the PDAY Study with living young adults from the CARDIA study. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007; 16:151-158. The PDAY lipid values at autopsies were more variable than those in CARDIA study. However, associations among risk factors in both studies were in the same direction. This supports the validity of investigating associations of risk factors measured postmortem with anatomically determined arterial lesions in autopsied young adults.
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McMahan CA, Gidding SS, Malcom GT, et al., Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Comparison of coronary heart disease risk factors in autopsied young adults from the PDAY Study with living young adults from the CARDIA study. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007; 16:151-158. The PDAY lipid values at autopsies were more variable than those in CARDIA study. However, associations among risk factors in both studies were in the same direction. This supports the validity of investigating associations of risk factors measured postmortem with anatomically determined arterial lesions in autopsied young adults.
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50649090295
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Arterial function in youth: Window into cardiovascular risk
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Fernhall B, Agiovlasitis S. Arterial function in youth: window into cardiovascular risk. J Appl Physiol 2008; 105:325-333.
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(2008)
J Appl Physiol
, vol.105
, pp. 325-333
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Fernhall, B.1
Agiovlasitis, S.2
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38449122228
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Distribution and predictors of carotid intima-media thickness in young adults
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Tzou WS, Douglas PS, Srinivasan SR, et al. Distribution and predictors of carotid intima-media thickness in young adults. Prev Cardiol 2007; 10:181 - 189.
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(2007)
Prev Cardiol
, vol.10
, pp. 181-189
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Tzou, W.S.1
Douglas, P.S.2
Srinivasan, S.R.3
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21
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33947544106
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Predictors of carotid intima-media thickness progression in young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Johnson HM, Douglas PS, Srinivasan SR, et al. Predictors of carotid intima-media thickness progression in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Stroke 2007; 38:900-905.
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(2007)
Stroke
, vol.38
, pp. 900-905
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Johnson, H.M.1
Douglas, P.S.2
Srinivasan, S.R.3
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22
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34347325188
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Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with attenuated endothelial function in 11 -year-old healthy children
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In healthy Finnish children aged 11 years, previous long-term passive exposure to tobacco smoke associated with decreased arterial endothelial function. Children should be protected from tobacco smoke always and everywhere
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Kallio K, Jokinen E, Raitakari OT, et al. Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with attenuated endothelial function in 11 -year-old healthy children. Circulation 2007; 115:3205-3212. In healthy Finnish children aged 11 years, previous long-term passive exposure to tobacco smoke associated with decreased arterial endothelial function. Children should be protected from tobacco smoke always and everywhere!
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(2007)
Circulation
, vol.115
, pp. 3205-3212
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Kallio, K.1
Jokinen, E.2
Raitakari, O.T.3
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23
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Childhood levels of serum apolipoproteins B and A-l predict carotid intima-media thickness and brachial endothelial function in adulthood
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Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Kahonen M, et al. Childhood levels of serum apolipoproteins B and A-l predict carotid intima-media thickness and brachial endothelial function in adulthood. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:293-299.
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(2008)
J Am Coll Cardiol
, vol.52
, pp. 293-299
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Juonala, M.1
Viikari, J.S.A.2
Kahonen, M.3
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Usefulness of childhood nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol levels versus other lipoprotein measures in predicting adult subclinical atherosclerosis: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Usability of non-HDL cholesterol in risk assessment is an important finding, as the accurate estimation of LDL cholesterol needs fasting, which can now be avoided in young children
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Frontini MG, Srinivasan SR, Xu J, et al. Usefulness of childhood nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol levels versus other lipoprotein measures in predicting adult subclinical atherosclerosis: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 2008; 121:924-929. Usability of non-HDL cholesterol in risk assessment is an important finding, as the accurate estimation of LDL cholesterol needs fasting, which can now be avoided in young children.
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(2008)
Pediatrics
, vol.121
, pp. 924-929
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Frontini, M.G.1
Srinivasan, S.R.2
Xu, J.3
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Relation of apolipoprotein E polymorphism to markers of early atherosclerotic changes in young adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Grönroos P, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, et al. Relation of apolipoprotein E polymorphism to markers of early atherosclerotic changes in young adults: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Circ J 2008; 72:29-34.
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(2008)
Circ J
, vol.72
, pp. 29-34
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Grönroos, P.1
Raitakari, O.T.2
Kähönen, M.3
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Early adult risk factor levels and subsequent coronary artery calcification: The CARDIA Study
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Loria CM, Liu K, Lewis CE, et al. Early adult risk factor levels and subsequent coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:2013-2020.
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(2007)
J Am Coll Cardiol
, vol.49
, pp. 2013-2020
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Loria, C.M.1
Liu, K.2
Lewis, C.E.3
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27
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36348986573
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The thickness of the intimal and medial layers of the carotid arteries, and the index of left ventricular mass, in children of patients with premature coronary arterial disease
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Sabri MR, Kelishadi R. The thickness of the intimal and medial layers of the carotid arteries, and the index of left ventricular mass, in children of patients with premature coronary arterial disease. Cardiol Young 2007; 1 7:609-616.
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(2007)
Cardiol Young
, vol.1
, Issue.7
, pp. 609-616
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Sabri, M.R.1
Kelishadi, R.2
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Type A eagerness-energy across developmental periods predicts adulthood carotid intima-media thickness: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsa T, Kivimäki M, et al. Type A eagerness-energy across developmental periods predicts adulthood carotid intima-media thickness: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1638-1644.
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(2007)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
, vol.27
, pp. 1638-1644
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Keltikangas-Järvinen, L.1
Hintsa, T.2
Kivimäki, M.3
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Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in nursing practise: Focus on children and youth. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity
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Hayman LL, Meininger JC, Daniels SR, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in nursing practise: focus on children and youth. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2007; 116:344-357.
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(2007)
Circulation
, vol.116
, pp. 344-357
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Hayman, L.L.1
Meininger, J.C.2
Daniels, S.R.3
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30
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The obesity epidemic in the United States - gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
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Wang Y, Beydoun MA. The obesity epidemic in the United States - gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev 2007; 29: 6-28.
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(2007)
Epidemiol Rev
, vol.29
, pp. 6-28
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Wang, Y.1
Beydoun, M.A.2
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Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003-2006. JAMA 2008; 299:2401-2405. This study gives a little hope that the peak in obesity prevalence in US youth may have been reached; future will tell whether this is true or not. In any case, obesity incidence is increasing in practically all other Western societies.
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Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents, 2003-2006. JAMA 2008; 299:2401-2405. This study gives a little hope that the peak in obesity prevalence in US youth may have been reached; future will tell whether this is true or not. In any case, obesity incidence is increasing in practically all other Western societies.
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Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: A systematic review of the literature
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doi: 10.1011/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.X
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Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JW, et al. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev; 2008; 9:474-488. doi: 10.1011/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.X.
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(2008)
Obes Rev
, vol.9
, pp. 474-488
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Singh, A.S.1
Mulder, C.2
Twisk, J.W.3
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33
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Clustering of long-term trends in metabolic syndrome variables from childhood to adulthood in Blacks and Whites: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Li S, et al. Clustering of long-term trends in metabolic syndrome variables from childhood to adulthood in Blacks and Whites: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 166:527-533.
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(2007)
Am J Epidemiol
, vol.166
, pp. 527-533
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Chen, W.1
Srinivasan, S.R.2
Li, S.3
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Syme C, Abrahamowicz M, Leonard GT, et al. Intra-abdominal adiposity and individual components of the metabolic syndrome in adolescence. Sex differences and underlying mechanisms. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162:453-461. Intra-abdominal fat deposition was quantified by MRI, and metabolic syndrome was completely absent in adolescents who had low-fat deposition. Inflammatory markers were also elevated in high intra-abdominal fat group. Furthermore, intra-abdominal fat seems to be more dangerous to adolescent boys than girls.
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Syme C, Abrahamowicz M, Leonard GT, et al. Intra-abdominal adiposity and individual components of the metabolic syndrome in adolescence. Sex differences and underlying mechanisms. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162:453-461. Intra-abdominal fat deposition was quantified by MRI, and metabolic syndrome was completely absent in adolescents who had low-fat deposition. Inflammatory markers were also elevated in high intra-abdominal fat group. Furthermore, intra-abdominal fat seems to be more dangerous to adolescent boys than girls.
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FLVS Study Group. Cardiovascular risk factor levels and their relationships with overweight and fat distribution in children: The Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé II study
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Botton J, Heude B, Kettaneh A, et al., FLVS Study Group. Cardiovascular risk factor levels and their relationships with overweight and fat distribution in children: the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé II study. Metabolism 2007; 56:614-622.
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(2007)
Metabolism
, vol.56
, pp. 614-622
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Botton, J.1
Heude, B.2
Kettaneh, A.3
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Holvoet P, Lee D-H, Steffes M, Gross M. Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and incidence of the metabolic syndrome. JAMA 2008; 299:2287-2293. This study investigates the connections between lipoproteins and metabolic syndrome in CARDIA study participants, aged 18-30 years at recruitment. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, oxidized LDL, rather than LDL itself, was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome 15-20 years later. Thus, pathological oxidation of LDL might be central in metabolic syndrome development
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Holvoet P, Lee D-H, Steffes M, Gross M. Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and incidence of the metabolic syndrome. JAMA 2008; 299:2287-2293. This study investigates the connections between lipoproteins and metabolic syndrome in CARDIA study participants, aged 18-30 years at recruitment. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, oxidized LDL, rather than LDL itself, was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome 15-20 years later. Thus, pathological oxidation of LDL might be central in metabolic syndrome development.
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