메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1146-1157

Desmosine as a biomarker of elastin degradation in COPD: Current status and future directions

Author keywords

Body fluids; Capillary electrophoresis; Elastin peptides; HPLC; Laser induced fluorescence; Mass spectrometry

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DESMOSINE; ELASTIN; ISODESMOSINE; PEPTIDE; PYRIDINIUM DERIVATIVE; TROPOELASTIN;

EID: 58849150305     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: 13993003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00174807     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (110)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0031789272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of disease, 1990-2020
    • Lopez AD, Murray CC. The global burden of disease, 1990-2020. Nat Med 1998; 4: 1241-1243.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 1241-1243
    • Lopez, A.D.1    Murray, C.C.2
  • 2
    • 30744463544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Chapman KR, Mannino DM, Soriano JB, et al. Epidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2006; 27: 188-207.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 188-207
    • Chapman, K.R.1    Mannino, D.M.2    Soriano, J.B.3
  • 3
    • 0034721232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 269-280.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 269-280
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 5
    • 84987041234 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • ed. Pulmonary Emphysema. The Rationale for Therapeutic Intervention
    • Cohen AB. Introduction. In: AB Cohen, ed. Pulmonary Emphysema. The Rationale for Therapeutic Intervention. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 624S: 1-5.
    • (1991) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.624 S , pp. 1-5
    • Cohen, A.B.1
  • 6
    • 0026434746 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical/ immunologic markers of emphysema, ed. Pulmonary Emphysema. The Rationale for Therapeutic Intervention
    • Rosenbloom J, Campbell EJ, Mumford R, et al. Biochemical/ immunologic markers of emphysema. In: AB Cohen, ed. Pulmonary Emphysema. The Rationale for Therapeutic Intervention. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 624S: 7-12.
    • (1991) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.624 S , pp. 7-12
    • Rosenbloom, J.1    Campbell, E.J.2    Mumford, R.3
  • 7
    • 0027422979 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix 4: The elastic fiber
    • Rosenbloom J, Abrams WR, Mecham R. Extracellular matrix 4: the elastic fiber. FASEB J 1993; 7: 1208-1218.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7 , pp. 1208-1218
    • Rosenbloom, J.1    Abrams, W.R.2    Mecham, R.3
  • 8
    • 0025163596 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of lung elastin synthesis
    • Foster JA, Curtiss SW. The regulation of lung elastin synthesis. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: L13-L23.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259
    • Foster, J.A.1    Curtiss, S.W.2
  • 9
    • 0026511746 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of elastin peptide concentrations in body fluids from healthy volunteers, smokers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Schriver EE, Davidson JM, Sutcliffe MC, Swindell BB, Bernard GR. Comparison of elastin peptide concentrations in body fluids from healthy volunteers, smokers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 762-766.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 762-766
    • Schriver, E.E.1    Davidson, J.M.2    Sutcliffe, M.C.3    Swindell, B.B.4    Bernard, G.R.5
  • 10
    • 0021827757 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of a peroxidase antiperoxidase complex in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of elastin-derived peptides in human plasma
    • Kucich U, Christner P, Lippmann M, et al. Utilization of a peroxidase antiperoxidase complex in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of elastin-derived peptides in human plasma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131: 709-713.
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.131 , pp. 709-713
    • Kucich, U.1    Christner, P.2    Lippmann, M.3
  • 11
  • 13
    • 0020322233 scopus 로고
    • Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for estimation of elastin peptides in human sera
    • Darnule TV, McKee M, Darnule AT, Turino GM, Mandl I. Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for estimation of elastin peptides in human sera. Anal Biochem 1982; 122: 302-307.
    • (1982) Anal Biochem , vol.122 , pp. 302-307
    • Darnule, T.V.1    McKee, M.2    Darnule, A.T.3    Turino, G.M.4    Mandl, I.5
  • 14
    • 0029111795 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of urinary desmosine as an indicator of acute pulmonary disease
    • Starcher B, Green M, Scott M. Measurement of urinary desmosine as an indicator of acute pulmonary disease. Respiration 1995; 62: 252-257.
    • (1995) Respiration , vol.62 , pp. 252-257
    • Starcher, B.1    Green, M.2    Scott, M.3
  • 15
    • 0026396692 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of urinary desmosine by isotope dilution and high performance liquid chromatography. Correlation between elastase-induced air-space enlargement in the hamster and elevation of urinary desmosine
    • Stone PJ, Bryan-Rhafdi J, Lucey EC, et al. Measurement of urinary desmosine by isotope dilution and high performance liquid chromatography. Correlation between elastase-induced air-space enlargement in the hamster and elevation of urinary desmosine. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 284-290.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.144 , pp. 284-290
    • Stone, P.J.1    Bryan-Rhafdi, J.2    Lucey, E.C.3
  • 16
    • 0028014330 scopus 로고
    • Effect of diet on urinary excretion of desmosine and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline
    • Stone PJ, Lucey EC, Snider GL, Franzblau C. Effect of diet on urinary excretion of desmosine and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 174-177.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 174-177
    • Stone, P.J.1    Lucey, E.C.2    Snider, G.L.3    Franzblau, C.4
  • 17
    • 0032412496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of urinary desmosine and isodesmosine in patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Viglio S, Zanaboni G, Luisetti M, et al. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of urinary desmosine and isodesmosine in patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998; 714: 87-98.
    • (1998) J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl , vol.714 , pp. 87-98
    • Viglio, S.1    Zanaboni, G.2    Luisetti, M.3
  • 18
    • 0034123654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEKC of desmosine and isodesmosine in urine of chronic destructive lung disease patients
    • Viglio S, Iadarola P, Lupi A, et al. MEKC of desmosine and isodesmosine in urine of chronic destructive lung disease patients. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 1039-1045.
    • (2000) Eur Respir J , vol.15 , pp. 1039-1045
    • Viglio, S.1    Iadarola, P.2    Lupi, A.3
  • 19
    • 0242363143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection and quantitation of free desmosine and isodesmosine in human urine and their peptide-bound forms in sputum
    • Ma S, Lieberman S, Turino GM, Lin YY. The detection and quantitation of free desmosine and isodesmosine in human urine and their peptide-bound forms in sputum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 12941-12943.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 12941-12943
    • Ma, S.1    Lieberman, S.2    Turino, G.M.3    Lin, Y.Y.4
  • 20
    • 33847270166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the methodological strategies for the detection in real samples of desmosine and isodesmosine, two biological markers of elastin degradation
    • Viglio S, Annovazzi L, Luisetti M, Stolk J, Casado B, Iadarola P. Progress in the methodological strategies for the detection in real samples of desmosine and isodesmosine, two biological markers of elastin degradation. J Sep Sci 2007; 30: 202-213.
    • (2007) J Sep Sci , vol.30 , pp. 202-213
    • Viglio, S.1    Annovazzi, L.2    Luisetti, M.3    Stolk, J.4    Casado, B.5    Iadarola, P.6
  • 21
    • 0018183681 scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of elastin peptides containing desmosine after intratracheal injection of elastase in hamsters
    • Goldstein RA, Starcher BC. Urinary excretion of elastin peptides containing desmosine after intratracheal injection of elastase in hamsters. J Clin Invest 1978; 61: 1286-1290.
    • (1978) J Clin Invest , vol.61 , pp. 1286-1290
    • Goldstein, R.A.1    Starcher, B.C.2
  • 22
    • 0020620594 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the urinary desmosine radioimmunoassay as a monitor of lung injury after endobronchial elastase instillation in sheep
    • Janoff A, Chanana AD, Joel DD, et al. Evaluation of the urinary desmosine radioimmunoassay as a monitor of lung injury after endobronchial elastase instillation in sheep. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128: 545-551.
    • (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.128 , pp. 545-551
    • Janoff, A.1    Chanana, A.D.2    Joel, D.D.3
  • 25
    • 0028951568 scopus 로고
    • Elastin and collagen degradation products in urine of smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Stone PJ, Gottlieb DJ, O'Connor GT, et al. Elastin and collagen degradation products in urine of smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 952-959.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 952-959
    • Stone, P.J.1    Gottlieb, D.J.2    O'Connor, G.T.3
  • 26
    • 0029802170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary desmosine excretion in smokers with and without rapid decline of lung function: The Normative Aging Study
    • Gottlieb DJ, Stone PJ, Sparrow D, et al. Urinary desmosine excretion in smokers with and without rapid decline of lung function: the Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 1290-1295.
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 1290-1295
    • Gottlieb, D.J.1    Stone, P.J.2    Sparrow, D.3
  • 27
    • 0033727545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of urinary desmosine excretion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis
    • Bode DC, Pagani ED, Cumiskey WR, von Roemeling R, Hamel L, Silver PJ. Comparison of urinary desmosine excretion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2000; 13: 175-180.
    • (2000) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.13 , pp. 175-180
    • Bode, D.C.1    Pagani, E.D.2    Cumiskey, W.R.3    von Roemeling, R.4    Hamel, L.5    Silver, P.J.6
  • 28
    • 0022414701 scopus 로고
    • 1- antitrypsin deficiency, a phenotype associated with hereditary predisposition to pulmonary emphysema
    • 1- antitrypsin deficiency, a phenotype associated with hereditary predisposition to pulmonary emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132: 821-823.
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.132 , pp. 821-823
    • Pelham, F.1    Wewers, M.2    Crystal, R.3    Buist, A.S.4    Janoff, A.5
  • 29
    • 0025308851 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of colchicine to reduce the elastase load in the lungs of cigarette smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cohen AB, Girard W, McLarty J, et al. A controlled trial of colchicine to reduce the elastase load in the lungs of cigarette smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 63-72.
    • (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.142 , pp. 63-72
    • Cohen, A.B.1    Girard, W.2    McLarty, J.3
  • 30
    • 0025796924 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of colchicine to reduce the elastase load in the lungs of excigarette smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cohen AB, Girard W, McLarty J, et al. A controlled trial of colchicine to reduce the elastase load in the lungs of excigarette smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 1038-1043.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , pp. 1038-1043
    • Cohen, A.B.1    Girard, W.2    McLarty, J.3
  • 31
    • 0024340192 scopus 로고
    • Search for drugs that may reduce the load of neutrophil azurophilic granule enzymes in the lungs of patients with emphysema
    • Stevens MD, Miller EJ, Cohen AB. Search for drugs that may reduce the load of neutrophil azurophilic granule enzymes in the lungs of patients with emphysema. Exp Lung Res 1989; 15: 663-680.
    • (1989) Exp Lung Res , vol.15 , pp. 663-680
    • Stevens, M.D.1    Miller, E.J.2    Cohen, A.B.3
  • 32
    • 8944254696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR889, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Luisetti M, Sturani C, Sella D, et al. MR889, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1482-1486.
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 1482-1486
    • Luisetti, M.1    Sturani, C.2    Sella, D.3
  • 33
    • 0025190726 scopus 로고
    • The kinetic mechanism of inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by MR889, a new cyclic thiolic compound
    • Baici A, Pelloso R, Hörler D. The kinetic mechanism of inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by MR889, a new cyclic thiolic compound. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 39: 919-924.
    • (1990) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 919-924
    • Baici, A.1    Pelloso, R.2    Hörler, D.3
  • 34
    • 0023148995 scopus 로고
    • Replacement therapy for a1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with emphysema
    • Wewers MD, Casolaro MA, Sellers SE, et al. Replacement therapy for a1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with emphysema. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1055-1062.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.316 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Wewers, M.D.1    Casolaro, M.A.2    Sellers, S.E.3
  • 38
    • 34248566919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of desmosine and isodesmosine by mass spectrometry in COPD
    • Ma S, Lin YY, Turino GM. Measurement of desmosine and isodesmosine by mass spectrometry in COPD. Chest 2007; 131: 1363-1371.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1363-1371
    • Ma, S.1    Lin, Y.Y.2    Turino, G.M.3
  • 39
    • 0018712731 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil lysosomal elastase activity in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Rodriguez JR, Seals JE, Radin A, Lin JS, Mandl I, Turino GM. Neutrophil lysosomal elastase activity in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119: 409-417.
    • (1979) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.119 , pp. 409-417
    • Rodriguez, J.R.1    Seals, J.E.2    Radin, A.3    Lin, J.S.4    Mandl, I.5    Turino, G.M.6
  • 40
    • 17644363337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized hyaluronan limits airspace enlargement in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema
    • Cantor JO, Cerreta JM, Ochoa M, et al. Aerosolized hyaluronan limits airspace enlargement in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema. Exp Lung Res 2005; 31: 417-430.
    • (2005) Exp Lung Res , vol.31 , pp. 417-430
    • Cantor, J.O.1    Cerreta, J.M.2    Ochoa, M.3
  • 41
    • 44649137318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tiotropium (TIO) on levels of desmosine and isodesmosine (D/I) in urine, plasma, and sputum in COPD
    • 355s
    • Ma S, Lin YY, Turino GM. The effect of tiotropium (TIO) on levels of desmosine and isodesmosine (D/I) in urine, plasma, and sputum in COPD. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: Suppl. 51, 355s.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 51
    • Ma, S.1    Lin, Y.Y.2    Turino, G.M.3
  • 42
    • 0033899766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of formation of elastin crosslinks
    • Akagawa M, Suyama K. Mechanism of formation of elastin crosslinks. Connect Tissue Res 2000; 41: 131-141.
    • (2000) Connect Tissue Res , vol.41 , pp. 131-141
    • Akagawa, M.1    Suyama, K.2
  • 43
    • 1542345504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection as a novel sensitive approach for the analysis of desmosines in real samples
    • Annovazzi L, Viglio S, Perani E, et al. Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection as a novel sensitive approach for the analysis of desmosines in real samples. Electrophoresis 2004; 25: 683-691.
    • (2004) Electrophoresis , vol.25 , pp. 683-691
    • Annovazzi, L.1    Viglio, S.2    Perani, E.3
  • 44
    • 1342331358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of desmosines in urine and plasma of patients with Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
    • Annovazzi L, Viglio S, Gheduzzi D, et al. High levels of desmosines in urine and plasma of patients with Pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34: 156-164.
    • (2004) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.34 , pp. 156-164
    • Annovazzi, L.1    Viglio, S.2    Gheduzzi, D.3
  • 46
    • 33845195875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between markers of emphysema and more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Boschetto P, Quintavalle S, Zeni E, et al. Association between markers of emphysema and more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2006; 61: 1037-1042.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 1037-1042
    • Boschetto, P.1    Quintavalle, S.2    Zeni, E.3
  • 48
    • 0036213323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary desmosine excretion is inversely correlated with the extent of emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Cocci F, Miniati M, Monti S, et al. Urinary desmosine excretion is inversely correlated with the extent of emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34: 594-604.
    • (2002) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.34 , pp. 594-604
    • Cocci, F.1    Miniati, M.2    Monti, S.3
  • 49
    • 28244460791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Agusti AG. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005; 2: 367-370.
    • (2005) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.2 , pp. 367-370
    • Agusti, A.G.1
  • 50
    • 0032796644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinetics of elastolysis: Elastin catabolism during experimentally induced fibrosis
    • Starcher B, Peterson B. The kinetics of elastolysis: elastin catabolism during experimentally induced fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 1999; 25: 407-424.
    • (1999) Exp Lung Res , vol.25 , pp. 407-424
    • Starcher, B.1    Peterson, B.2
  • 51
    • 0036486433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary desmosine excretion in acute exacerbations of COPD: Preliminary report
    • Fiorenza D, Viglio S, Lupi A, et al. Urinary desmosine excretion in acute exacerbations of COPD: preliminary report. Respir Med 2002; 96: 110-114.
    • (2002) Respir Med , vol.96 , pp. 110-114
    • Fiorenza, D.1    Viglio, S.2    Lupi, A.3
  • 52
    • 58849128404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation inhomogeneity is correlated with biomarkers of parenchymal destruction in a1-antitrypsin deficiency
    • 620s
    • Fregonese L, Ferrari F, Fumagalli M, et al. Ventilation inhomogeneity is correlated with biomarkers of parenchymal destruction in a1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: Suppl. 51, 620s.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 51
    • Fregonese, L.1    Ferrari, F.2    Fumagalli, M.3
  • 53
    • 9044223276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of emphsyema and small airways in COPD
    • Gelb AF, Hogg JC, Müller NL, et al. Contribution of emphsyema and small airways in COPD. Chest 1996; 109: 353-359.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 353-359
    • Gelb, A.F.1    Hogg, J.C.2    Müller, N.L.3
  • 54
    • 0033825960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomographic measurements of airway dimensions and emphysema in smokers. Correlation with lung function
    • Nakano Y, Muro S, Sakai H, et al. Computed tomographic measurements of airway dimensions and emphysema in smokers. Correlation with lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 1102-1108.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Nakano, Y.1    Muro, S.2    Sakai, H.3
  • 55
    • 0035880863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between extent of pulmonary emphysema by high-resolution computed tomography and lung elastic recoil in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Baldi S, Miniati M, Bellina CR, et al. Relationship between extent of pulmonary emphysema by high-resolution computed tomography and lung elastic recoil in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 585-589.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 585-589
    • Baldi, S.1    Miniati, M.2    Bellina, C.R.3
  • 57
    • 27644565844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • MacNee W. Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005; 2: 258-266.
    • (2005) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.2 , pp. 258-266
    • MacNee, W.1
  • 58
    • 2442424431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of a workshop: Quantitative computed tomography scanning in longitudinal studies of emphysema
    • Newell JD Jr, Hogg JC, Snider GL. Report of a workshop: quantitative computed tomography scanning in longitudinal studies of emphysema. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 769-775.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 769-775
    • Newell Jr, J.D.1    Hogg, J.C.2    Snider, G.L.3
  • 59
    • 0030268577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surrogate end points in clinical trials: Are we being misled?
    • Fleming TR, DeMets DL. Surrogate end points in clinical trials: are we being misled? Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 605-613.
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.125 , pp. 605-613
    • Fleming, T.R.1    DeMets, D.L.2
  • 61
    • 0021883341 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of elastin resynthesis in the lungs of hamsters with experimental emphysema induced by sequential administration of elastase and trypsin
    • Osman M, Keller S, Hosannah Y, Cantor JO, Turino GM, Mandl I. Impairment of elastin resynthesis in the lungs of hamsters with experimental emphysema induced by sequential administration of elastase and trypsin. J Lab Clin Med 1985; 105: 254-258.
    • (1985) J Lab Clin Med , vol.105 , pp. 254-258
    • Osman, M.1    Keller, S.2    Hosannah, Y.3    Cantor, J.O.4    Turino, G.M.5    Mandl, I.6
  • 62
    • 0022001238 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of lung lysyl oxidase activity in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema
    • Osman M, Kaldany RR, Cantor JO, Turino GM, Mandl I. Stimulation of lung lysyl oxidase activity in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131: 169-170.
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.131 , pp. 169-170
    • Osman, M.1    Kaldany, R.R.2    Cantor, J.O.3    Turino, G.M.4    Mandl, I.5
  • 64
    • 42949146028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE)
    • Vestbo J, Anderson W, Coxson HO, et al. Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE). Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 869-873.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 869-873
    • Vestbo, J.1    Anderson, W.2    Coxson, H.O.3
  • 65
    • 33646565124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Jones PW, Agusti AG. Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2006; 27: 822-832.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 822-832
    • Jones, P.W.1    Agusti, A.G.2
  • 66
    • 34547781171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers in COPD: Time for a deep breath
    • Stockley RA. Biomarkers in COPD: time for a deep breath. Thorax 2007; 62: 657-660.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 657-660
    • Stockley, R.A.1
  • 67
    • 40649117704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: From lung function to biomarkers
    • Cazzola M, MacNee W, Martinez FJ, et al. Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 416-469.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 416-469
    • Cazzola, M.1    MacNee, W.2    Martinez, F.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.