The use of defence mechanisms as precursors to coming out in post-apartheid south africa: A gay and lesbian youth perspective

Journal of Homosexuality

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 223-244

  Butler, Allister H ^a   Astbury, Gaynor ^b  

^a CANTERBURY CHRIST CHURCH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Coping strategies; Defense mechanisms; Gay and lesbian youth; Health and social care; Homophobia; South Africa

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; DEFENSE MECHANISM; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; LESBIAN; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF DISCLOSURE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADOLESCENT; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY, FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREJUDICE; SELF DISCLOSURE; SOUTH AFRICA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58749097278     PISSN: 00918369     EISSN: 15403602     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00918360802129485     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anderson, D. (1987). Family and peer relations of gay adolescents, Adolescent Psychiatry, 14, 162-178.
2. Butler, A. H. (2000). The coming out process for south african gay and lesbian youth. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
3. Butler, A. H., Alpaslan, A. H., Strümpher, J., & Astbury, G. ( 2003). Gay and lesbian youth experiences of homophobia in South African secondary education, The Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 1(2), 3-28.
4. Cowie, H., & Rivers, I. (2000). Going against the grain: supporting lesbian, gay and bisexual clients as they come out, British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 28(4), 503-513.
5. Clark, A. (1987). Loving someone gay. Millbrae, CA: Celestial Arts.
6. Cwayna, K., Remafedi, G., & Treadway, L. (1991). Caring for gay and lesbian youth. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 25, 50-57.
7. Edwards, W. J. (1996). Operating in the mainstream: Coping and adjustment among a Sample of homosexual youths. Deviant Behavior, 17,229-251.
8. Elizur, Y., & Ziv, M. (2001). Family support and acceptance, gay male identity formation, and psychological adjustment: a path model. Family Process, (Summer), 125-144.
9. Fontaine, J. H., & Hammond, N. L. (1996). Counseling issues with gay and lesbian adolescents. Adolescence, 31, 817-830.
10. Gonsiorek, J. C. (1988). Mental health issues of gay and lesbian adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9, 114-122.
11. Gross, R., Mcilveen, R., Coolican, H., Clamp, A., & Russell, J. (2000) Psychology: A new introduction for A level (2nd ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton.
12. Hamachek, D. (1992) Encounters with the self (4th ed.). Javanovich College Publishers, Harcourt Brace.
13. Herdt, G. (1989). Introduction: gay and lesbian youth, emergent identities and cultural scenes at home and abroad. Journal of Homosexuality, 17, 1-42.
14. Hetrick, E.S. & Martin, A.D. (1987). 'Developmental issues and their resolution for gay and lesbian adolescents. Journal of Homosexuality, 14, 24-44.
15. Hunter, J. & Schaecher, R. (1990) Lesbian and gay youth. In M. J. Rotherram-Borus, J. Bradley, & N. Obolensky (Eds.), Planning to live-Evaluating and treating suicidal teens in community settings (pp. 297-316). Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press.
16. Jackson, D., & Sullivan, R. (1994). Developmental implications of homophobia for lesbian and gay adolescents: issues in policy and practice. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 1(3/4), 93-109.
17. Kus, R. (1985). Stages of coming out: An ethnographic approach. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 7(2), 177-198.
18. Lasser, J., & Tharinger, D. (2003). Visibility management in school and beyond: a qualitative study of gay, lesbian, bisexual youth. Journal of Adolescence, 26(2), 233-244.
19. Little, J. N. (2001). Embracing gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered youth in schoolbased settings. Child and Youth Care Forum, 30(2), 99-110.
20. Mallon, G.P. (1994). Counseling strategies with gay and lesbian youth. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 1(3/4), 75-91.
21. Martin, A. D. (1982). Learning to hide: the socialization of the gay adolescent. Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 52-65.
22. Maylon, A. K. (1982). Psychotherapeutic implications of internalised homophobia in gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 7, 59-70.
23. Morris, C. G. (1996). Psychology: An introduction (9th Ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
24. National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality. (1997). Draft submission. Johannesburg, South Africa: NCGLE.
25. Pilkington, N. W., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1995). Victimization of lesbian, gay and bisexual youth in community settings. Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 33-56.
26. Prendergast, S., Dunne, G. A., & Telford, D. (2002) A light at the end of the tunnel? Youth and Policy, 75, 42-61.
27. Remafedi, G. (1990). Fundamental issues in the care of homosexual youth. Medical Clinics of North America, 74(5), 1169-1179.
28. Rivers, I., & D'Augelli, A. R. (2001) The victimization of lesbian, gay and bisexualyouths. In A.R. D'Augelli & C. J. Patterson (Eds.), Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Identities and Youth (pp. 199-123). Oxford: University Press.
29. Rosario, M., Hunter, J., Maguen, S., Gwadz, M., & Smith, R. (2001). The coming out process and its adaptational and health-related associations among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: stipulation and exploration of a model. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29(1), 133-160.
30. Savin-Williams, R. C. (1989). Coming out to parents and self-esteem among gay and lesbian youths. Journal of Homosexuality, 18, 1-35.
31. Savin-Williams, R. C. (1994). Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of lesbian, gay male and bisexual youths: Associations with school problems, running away, substance abuse, prostitution and suicide. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 261-269.
32. Schneider, M. (1989) Sappho was a right-on adolescent. In G. Herdt (Ed.), Gay and lesbian youth (pp. 111-128). New York: Haworth Press.
33. Schneider, M. (1991). Developing services for lesbian and gay adolescents, Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 10, 133-151.
34. Smith, B.D. (1998). Psychology, science and understanding (international ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
35. Sullivan, T. (1984). Homosexuality: Social constructions and developmental realities. Journal of Child Care, 1(6), 11-27.
36. Taylor, B. (1999). Coming out as a life transition: homosexual identity formation and its implications for health care practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(2), 520-525.
37. Telljohann, S. K., & Price, J. H. (1993). A qualitative examination of adolescent homosexuals' life experiences: Ramification for secondary school personnel. Journal of Homosexuality, 26, 41-55.
38. Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research analysis types and software tools. London: Falmer Press.
39. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. (1996). Act 108 of 1996. Pretoria, South Africa: Government Publishers.
40. Treadway, L., & Yoakam, J. (1992). Creating a safer school environment for lesbian and gay students. Journal of School Health, 9, 1-32.
41. Troiden R. R. (1989). The formation of homosexual identities. Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1/2), 43-73.
42. Tutu, D. (2003). Summary on the final report by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa. Retrieved June 10, 2004, from www.evlka.de/extern/laatzen/arnum/ english/africa0.htm
43. Uribe, V., & Harbeck, K. M. (1992). Addressing the needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: the origins of Project 10 and school-based intervention. Journal of Homosexuality, 22, (3/4), 9-27.
44. Vergara, T. L. (1984). Meeting the needs of sexual minority youth: One program's response. In R. Schoenberg & R. Goldberg (Eds.), Homosexuality and social work (pp. 19-38). New York, Haworth.