메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 208-223

Effects of general anesthetic agents in adults receiving electroconvulsive therapy: A systematic review

Author keywords

Electroconvulsive therapy; General anesthesia; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

ALFADOLONE; ALFAXALONE; ALFENTANIL; ETOMIDATE; METHOHEXITAL; MIDAZOLAM; PROPANIDID; PROPOFOL; REMIFENTANIL; SEVOFLURANE; SUXAMETHONIUM; THIAMYLAL; THIOPENTAL; ANESTHETIC AGENT;

EID: 58749093751     PISSN: 10950680     EISSN: 15334112     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e31815bfe2a     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 67649973182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weiner R. American Psychiatric Association Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy. Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy Recommendations for Treatment, Training and Privileging: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2001.
    • Weiner R. American Psychiatric Association Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy. Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy Recommendations for Treatment, Training and Privileging: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2001.
  • 2
    • 0027155820 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular response and anesthetic recovery in electroconvulsive therapy with propofol or thiopental
    • Villalonga A, Bernardo M, Gomar C, et al. Cardiovascular response and anesthetic recovery in electroconvulsive therapy with propofol or thiopental. Convuls Ther. 1993;9:108-111.
    • (1993) Convuls Ther , vol.9 , pp. 108-111
    • Villalonga, A.1    Bernardo, M.2    Gomar, C.3
  • 4
    • 0026637975 scopus 로고
    • A comparison between etomidate and methohexital for anesthesia in ECT
    • Kovac AL, Pardo M. A comparison between etomidate and methohexital for anesthesia in ECT. Convuls Ther. 1992;8:118-125.
    • (1992) Convuls Ther , vol.8 , pp. 118-125
    • Kovac, A.L.1    Pardo, M.2
  • 5
    • 0031473190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thiopental and sevoflurane on hemodynamics during anesthetic management of electroconvulsive therapy
    • Tanaka N, Saito Y, Hikawa Y, et al. Effects of thiopental and sevoflurane on hemodynamics during anesthetic management of electroconvulsive therapy. Masui. 1997;46:1575-1579.
    • (1997) Masui , vol.46 , pp. 1575-1579
    • Tanaka, N.1    Saito, Y.2    Hikawa, Y.3
  • 6
    • 0027056431 scopus 로고
    • Propofol anesthesia in ECT
    • Swartz CM. Propofol anesthesia in ECT. Convuls Ther. 1992;8:262-266.
    • (1992) Convuls Ther , vol.8 , pp. 262-266
    • Swartz, C.M.1
  • 7
    • 0030780117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of methohexitone and propofol with or without alfentanil on seizure duration and recovery in electroconvulsive therapy
    • Nguyen TT, Chhibber AK, Lustik SJ, et al. Effect of methohexitone and propofol with or without alfentanil on seizure duration and recovery in electroconvulsive therapy. Br J Anaesth. 1997;79:801-803.
    • (1997) Br J Anaesth , vol.79 , pp. 801-803
    • Nguyen, T.T.1    Chhibber, A.K.2    Lustik, S.J.3
  • 8
    • 0027956583 scopus 로고
    • Propofol anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy: Reduced seizure duration may not be relevant
    • Fear CF, Littlejohns CS, Rouse E, et al. Propofol anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy: reduced seizure duration may not be relevant. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165:506-509.
    • (1994) Br J Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 506-509
    • Fear, C.F.1    Littlejohns, C.S.2    Rouse, E.3
  • 9
    • 0031808816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol anesthesia, seizure duration, and ECT: A case report and literature review
    • Martin BA, Cooper RM, Parikh SV. Propofol anesthesia, seizure duration, and ECT: a case report and literature review. J ECT. 1998;14:99-108.
    • (1998) J ECT , vol.14 , pp. 99-108
    • Martin, B.A.1    Cooper, R.M.2    Parikh, S.V.3
  • 10
    • 0026499349 scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy-induced cardiac arrhythmias during anesthesia with methohexital, thiamylal, or thiopental sodium
    • Mokriski BK, Nagle SE, Papuchis GC, et al. Electroconvulsive therapy-induced cardiac arrhythmias during anesthesia with methohexital, thiamylal, or thiopental sodium. J Clin Anesth. 1992;4:208-212.
    • (1992) J Clin Anesth , vol.4 , pp. 208-212
    • Mokriski, B.K.1    Nagle, S.E.2    Papuchis, G.C.3
  • 12
    • 67649998055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review 4.2 [computer program, Version 4.2 for Windows. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2004
    • Review 4.2 [computer program]. Version 4.2 for Windows. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2004.
  • 13
    • 0036211922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: Methodological issues
    • Elbourne DR, Altman DG, Higgins JP, et al. Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:140-149.
    • (2002) Int J Epidemiol , vol.31 , pp. 140-149
    • Elbourne, D.R.1    Altman, D.G.2    Higgins, J.P.3
  • 14
    • 0041876133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
    • Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557-560.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 557-560
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Deeks, J.J.3
  • 15
    • 0029095877 scopus 로고
    • The comparative effects of methohexital, propofol, and etomidate for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Avramov MN, Husain MM, White PF. The comparative effects of methohexital, propofol, and etomidate for electroconvulsive therapy. Anesth Analg. 1995;81:596-602.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 596-602
    • Avramov, M.N.1    Husain, M.M.2    White, P.F.3
  • 16
    • 0037377842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of remifentanil on seizure duration and acute hemodynamic responses to electroconvulsive therapy
    • Recart A, Rawal S, White PF, et al. The effect of remifentanil on seizure duration and acute hemodynamic responses to electroconvulsive therapy. Anesth Analg. 2003;96:1047-1050.
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.96 , pp. 1047-1050
    • Recart, A.1    Rawal, S.2    White, P.F.3
  • 17
    • 0035079971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus methohexital for electroconvulsive therapy: A meta-analysis
    • Walder B, Seeck M, Tramer MR. Propofol versus methohexital for electroconvulsive therapy: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2001;13:93-98.
    • (2001) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.13 , pp. 93-98
    • Walder, B.1    Seeck, M.2    Tramer, M.R.3
  • 18
    • 0034899654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of combined methohexitone-remifentanil anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy
    • Andersen FA, Arsland D, Holst-Larsen H. Effects of combined methohexitone-remifentanil anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45:830-833.
    • (2001) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.45 , pp. 830-833
    • Andersen, F.A.1    Arsland, D.2    Holst-Larsen, H.3
  • 19
    • 0023686064 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of propofol and methohexitone as anaesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Bone ME, Wilkins CJ, Lew JK. A comparison of propofol and methohexitone as anaesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1988;5:279-286.
    • (1988) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.5 , pp. 279-286
    • Bone, M.E.1    Wilkins, C.J.2    Lew, J.K.3
  • 20
    • 1842784919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol reduces cognitive impairment after electroconvulsive therapy
    • Butterfield NN, Graf P, Macleod BA, et al. Propofol reduces cognitive impairment after electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2004;20:3-9.
    • (2004) J ECT , vol.20 , pp. 3-9
    • Butterfield, N.N.1    Graf, P.2    Macleod, B.A.3
  • 21
    • 0348141830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative effects of sevoflurane and methohexital for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Calarge CA, Crowe RR, Gergis SD, et al. The comparative effects of sevoflurane and methohexital for electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2003;19:221-225.
    • (2003) J ECT , vol.19 , pp. 221-225
    • Calarge, C.A.1    Crowe, R.R.2    Gergis, S.D.3
  • 22
    • 0023886210 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of propofol and methohexitone as anaesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Dwyer R, McCaughey W, Lavery J, et al. Comparison of propofol and methohexitone as anaesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesthesia. 1988;43:459-462.
    • (1988) Anaesthesia , vol.43 , pp. 459-462
    • Dwyer, R.1    McCaughey, W.2    Lavery, J.3
  • 23
    • 0028236262 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: Effects of propofol and methohexital on seizure activity and recovery
    • Fredman B, d'Etienne J, Smith I, et al. Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: effects of propofol and methohexital on seizure activity and recovery. Anesth Analg. 1994;79:75-79.
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.79 , pp. 75-79
    • Fredman, B.1    d'Etienne, J.2    Smith, I.3
  • 24
    • 10344260172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etomidate versus propofol for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with schizophrenia
    • Gazdag G, Kocsis N, Tolna J, et al. Etomidate versus propofol for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with schizophrenia. J ECT. 2004;20:225-229.
    • (2004) J ECT , vol.20 , pp. 225-229
    • Gazdag, G.1    Kocsis, N.2    Tolna, J.3
  • 25
    • 0031860503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol and methohexital as anesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): A comparison of seizure-quality measures and vital signs
    • Geretsegger C, Rochowanski E, Kartnig C, et al. Propofol and methohexital as anesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a comparison of seizure-quality measures and vital signs. J ECT. 1998;14:28-35.
    • (1998) J ECT , vol.14 , pp. 28-35
    • Geretsegger, C.1    Rochowanski, E.2    Kartnig, C.3
  • 26
    • 4344607516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of remifentanil on thiopental dose, duration of convulsion and hemodynamic response during electroconvulsive therapy
    • Gurkan Y, Yildiz T, Tural U, et al. Effects of remifentanil on thiopental dose, duration of convulsion and hemodynamic response during electroconvulsive therapy. Turk Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Dernegi Dergisi. 2004;32:269-273.
    • (2004) Turk Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Dernegi Dergisi , vol.32 , pp. 269-273
    • Gurkan, Y.1    Yildiz, T.2    Tural, U.3
  • 27
    • 0019043887 scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of propanidid with thiopentone as an anaesthetic agent for electro-convulsive therapy
    • Katre AM, Pandya SH. Comparative evaluation of propanidid with thiopentone as an anaesthetic agent for electro-convulsive therapy. J Postgrad Med. 1980;26:171-177.
    • (1980) J Postgrad Med , vol.26 , pp. 171-177
    • Katre, A.M.1    Pandya, S.H.2
  • 28
    • 0028365533 scopus 로고
    • Methohexital versus propofol anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: Cardiac arrhythmias, seizure duration, and recovery times
    • Koffel Bl, Nagle SE, Papuchis G, et al. Methohexital versus propofol anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: cardiac arrhythmias, seizure duration, and recovery times. Anesthesiol Rev. 1994;21:101-107.
    • (1994) Anesthesiol Rev , vol.21 , pp. 101-107
    • Koffel, B.1    Nagle, S.E.2    Papuchis, G.3
  • 29
    • 0030254711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of propofol and methohexitone as an induction agent in anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Lim SK, Lim WL, Elegbe EO. Comparison of propofol and methohexitone as an induction agent in anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. West Afr J Med. 1996;15:186-189.
    • (1996) West Afr J Med , vol.15 , pp. 186-189
    • Lim, S.K.1    Lim, W.L.2    Elegbe, E.O.3
  • 30
    • 1842419458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sevoflurane versus propofol for induction of anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized crossover trial
    • Loughnan T, McKenzie G, Leong S. Sevoflurane versus propofol for induction of anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized crossover trial. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2004;32:236-240.
    • (2004) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.32 , pp. 236-240
    • Loughnan, T.1    McKenzie, G.2    Leong, S.3
  • 31
    • 0017703051 scopus 로고
    • Etomidate in electroconvulsive therapy. Awithin-patient comparison with alphaxalone/ alphadalone
    • O'Carroll TM, Blogg CE, Hoinville EA, et al. Etomidate in electroconvulsive therapy. Awithin-patient comparison with alphaxalone/ alphadalone. Anaesthesia. 1977;32:868-872.
    • (1977) Anaesthesia , vol.32 , pp. 868-872
    • O'Carroll, T.M.1    Blogg, C.E.2    Hoinville, E.A.3
  • 32
    • 0024605194 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methohexital and propofol for electroconvulsive therapy: Effects on hemodynamic responses and seizure duration
    • Rampton AJ, Griffin RM, Stuart CS, et al. Comparison of methohexital and propofol for electroconvulsive therapy: effects on hemodynamic responses and seizure duration. Anesthesiology. 1989;70:412-417.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.70 , pp. 412-417
    • Rampton, A.J.1    Griffin, R.M.2    Stuart, C.S.3
  • 33
    • 33845463988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure length with sevoflurane and thiopental for induction of general anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized double-blind trial
    • Rasmussen KG, Laurila DR, Brady BM, et al. Seizure length with sevoflurane and thiopental for induction of general anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized double-blind trial. J ECT. 2006;22:240-242.
    • (2006) J ECT , vol.22 , pp. 240-242
    • Rasmussen, K.G.1    Laurila, D.R.2    Brady, B.M.3
  • 34
    • 0023901468 scopus 로고
    • Propofol for electroconvulsive therapy. A comparison with methohexitone. Preliminary report
    • Rouse EC. Propofol for electroconvulsive therapy. A comparison with methohexitone. Preliminary report. Anaesthesia. 1988;43(suppl):61-64.
    • (1988) Anaesthesia , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 61-64
    • Rouse, E.C.1
  • 35
    • 0023720572 scopus 로고
    • Propofol reduces seizure duration in patients having anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Simpson KH, Halsall PJ, Carr CM, et al. Propofol reduces seizure duration in patients having anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61:343-344.
    • (1988) Br J Anaesth , vol.61 , pp. 343-344
    • Simpson, K.H.1    Halsall, P.J.2    Carr, C.M.3
  • 36
    • 0041735419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure duration with remifentanil/methohexital vs. methohexital alone in middle-aged patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy
    • Smith DL, Angst MS, Brock-Utne JG, et al. Seizure duration with remifentanil/methohexital vs. methohexital alone in middle-aged patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47:1064-1066.
    • (2003) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.47 , pp. 1064-1066
    • Smith, D.L.1    Angst, M.S.2    Brock-Utne, J.G.3
  • 37
    • 0018956766 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing seizure duration and number of seizures applied in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesthetics and benzodiazepines
    • Stromgren LS, Dahl J, Fjeldborg N, et al. Factors influencing seizure duration and number of seizures applied in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesthetics and benzodiazepines. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1980;62:158-165.
    • (1980) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.62 , pp. 158-165
    • Stromgren, L.S.1    Dahl, J.2    Fjeldborg, N.3
  • 38
    • 20444364532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sevoflurane as an alternative anaesthetic for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Toprak HI, Gedik E, Begec Z, et al. Sevoflurane as an alternative anaesthetic for electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2005;21:108-110.
    • (2005) J ECT , vol.21 , pp. 108-110
    • Toprak, H.I.1    Gedik, E.2    Begec, Z.3
  • 39
    • 2942525496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind placebo controlled study of the effects of etomidate-alfentanil anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy
    • van den Broek WW, Groenland TH, Kusuma A, et al. Double-blind placebo controlled study of the effects of etomidate-alfentanil anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2004;20:107-111.
    • (2004) J ECT , vol.20 , pp. 107-111
    • van den Broek, W.W.1    Groenland, T.H.2    Kusuma, A.3
  • 40
    • 28844480974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remifentanil supplementation of propofol during electroconvulsive therapy: Effect on seizure duration and cardiovascular stability
    • Vishne T, Aronov S, Amiaz R, et al. Remifentanil supplementation of propofol during electroconvulsive therapy: effect on seizure duration and cardiovascular stability. J ECT. 2005;21:235-238.
    • (2005) J ECT , vol.21 , pp. 235-238
    • Vishne, T.1    Aronov, S.2    Amiaz, R.3
  • 41
    • 0041922656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol alone, sevoflurane alone, and combined propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy
    • Wajima Z, Shiga T, Yoshikawa T, et al. Propofol alone, sevoflurane alone, and combined propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2003;31:396-400.
    • (2003) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.31 , pp. 396-400
    • Wajima, Z.1    Shiga, T.2    Yoshikawa, T.3
  • 42
    • 0034087327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of thiopentone sodium and propofol for electro convulsive therapy (ECT)
    • Zaidi NA, Khan FA. Comparison of thiopentone sodium and propofol for electro convulsive therapy (ECT). J Pak Med Assoc. 2000;50:60-63.
    • (2000) J Pak Med Assoc , vol.50 , pp. 60-63
    • Zaidi, N.A.1    Khan, F.A.2
  • 43
    • 23944518381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on seizure duration, stimulus amplitudes and recovery parameters during ECT
    • Akcaboy ZN, Akcaboy EY, Yigitbasl B, et al. Effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on seizure duration, stimulus amplitudes and recovery parameters during ECT. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005;49:1068-1071.
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.49 , pp. 1068-1071
    • Akcaboy, Z.N.1    Akcaboy, E.Y.2    Yigitbasl, B.3
  • 44
    • 0029145090 scopus 로고
    • Use of midazolam for ECT anesthesia: Effects on antidepressive efficacy and seizure duration: preliminary findings
    • Auriacombe M, Grabot D, Lincheneau P, et al. Use of midazolam for ECT anesthesia: effects on antidepressive efficacy and seizure duration: preliminary findings. Eur Psychiatry. 1995;10:312-316.
    • (1995) Eur Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 312-316
    • Auriacombe, M.1    Grabot, D.2    Lincheneau, P.3
  • 45
    • 0022548892 scopus 로고
    • EEG-monitored ECT: A comparison of seizure duration under anesthesia with etomidate and thiopentone
    • Christensen P, Kragh-Sorensen P, Sorensen C, et al. EEG-monitored ECT: a comparison of seizure duration under anesthesia with etomidate and thiopentone. Convuls Ther. 1986;2:145-150.
    • (1986) Convuls Ther , vol.2 , pp. 145-150
    • Christensen, P.1    Kragh-Sorensen, P.2    Sorensen, C.3
  • 46
    • 0036698056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of propofol and propofol-alfentanil used in electroconvulsive therapy on duration of convulsion, hemodynamic responses and recovery characteristics
    • Demirel CB, Kati I, Kocoglu H, et al. The effects of propofol and propofol-alfentanil used in electroconvulsive therapy on duration of convulsion, hemodynamic responses and recovery characteristics. Anestezi Dergisi. 2002;10:203-206.
    • (2002) Anestezi Dergisi , vol.10 , pp. 203-206
    • Demirel, C.B.1    Kati, I.2    Kocoglu, H.3
  • 47
    • 14644446072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compared effects of etomidate and propofol for anaesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy
    • Grati L, Louzi M, Nasr K, et al. Compared effects of etomidate and propofol for anaesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy. Presse Med. 2005;34:282-284.
    • (2005) Presse Med , vol.34 , pp. 282-284
    • Grati, L.1    Louzi, M.2    Nasr, K.3
  • 48
    • 0029038067 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of propofol and methohexitone in anaesthesia for ECT: Effect on seizure duration and outcome
    • Kirkby KC, Beckett WG, Matters RM, et al. Comparison of propofol and methohexitone in anaesthesia for ECT: effect on seizure duration and outcome. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1995;29:299-303.
    • (1995) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 299-303
    • Kirkby, K.C.1    Beckett, W.G.2    Matters, R.M.3
  • 49
    • 0028033951 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy after propofol and methohexital anesthesia
    • Malsch E, Gratz I, Mani S, et al. Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy after propofol and methohexital anesthesia. Convuls Ther. 1994;10:212-219.
    • (1994) Convuls Ther , vol.10 , pp. 212-219
    • Malsch, E.1    Gratz, I.2    Mani, S.3
  • 50
    • 0028316739 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of propofol and methohexital as anesthetic agents for ECT: Effects on seizure duration, therapeutic outcome, and memory
    • Martensson B, Bartfai A, Hallen B, et al. A comparison of propofol and methohexital as anesthetic agents for ECT: effects on seizure duration, therapeutic outcome, and memory. Biol Psychiatry. 1994;35:179-189.
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 179-189
    • Martensson, B.1    Bartfai, A.2    Hallen, B.3
  • 51
    • 0029051821 scopus 로고
    • Recovery after electroconvulsive therapy: Comparison of propofol with methohexitone anaesthesia
    • Matters RM, Beckett WG, Kirkby KC, et al. Recovery after electroconvulsive therapy: comparison of propofol with methohexitone anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1995;75:297-300.
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.75 , pp. 297-300
    • Matters, R.M.1    Beckett, W.G.2    Kirkby, K.C.3
  • 52
    • 0013959976 scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies of induction agents. XVI: A comparison of thiopentone, buthalitone, hexobarbitone and thiamylal as induction agents
    • Barron DW, Dundee JW, Gilmore WR, et al. Clinical studies of induction agents. XVI: a comparison of thiopentone, buthalitone, hexobarbitone and thiamylal as induction agents. Br J Anaesth. 1966;38:802-811.
    • (1966) Br J Anaesth , vol.38 , pp. 802-811
    • Barron, D.W.1    Dundee, J.W.2    Gilmore, W.R.3
  • 53
    • 0038387948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etomidate vs. thiopentone in electroconvulsive therapy. An interdisciplinary challenge for anesthesiology and psychiatry
    • Conca A, Germann R, Konig P. Etomidate vs. thiopentone in electroconvulsive therapy. An interdisciplinary challenge for anesthesiology and psychiatry. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003;36:94-97.
    • (2003) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 94-97
    • Conca, A.1    Germann, R.2    Konig, P.3
  • 54
    • 16344365629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure length and clinical outcome in electroconvulsive therapy using methohexital or thiopental
    • Dew RE, Kimball JN, Rosenquist PB, et al. Seizure length and clinical outcome in electroconvulsive therapy using methohexital or thiopental. J ECT. 2005;21:16-18.
    • (2005) J ECT , vol.21 , pp. 16-18
    • Dew, R.E.1    Kimball, J.N.2    Rosenquist, P.B.3
  • 55
    • 0029090321 scopus 로고
    • Combined alfentanil-methohexital anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy
    • Dinwiddie SH, Isenberg KE. Combined alfentanil-methohexital anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther. 1995;11:170-176.
    • (1995) Convuls Ther , vol.11 , pp. 170-176
    • Dinwiddie, S.H.1    Isenberg, K.E.2
  • 56
    • 0015358101 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of recovery times between Althesin and methohexitone following anaesthesia for electro-convulsive therapy
    • Foley EI, Walton B, Savege TM, et al. A comparison of recovery times between Althesin and methohexitone following anaesthesia for electro-convulsive therapy. Postgrad Med J. 1972;48(suppl 2):112-115.
    • (1972) Postgrad Med J , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 112-115
    • Foley, E.I.1    Walton, B.2    Savege, T.M.3
  • 57
    • 0021276390 scopus 로고
    • Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. A comparison of the anaesthetic agents etomidate and Althesin with methohexitone
    • Gran L, Bergsholm P, Bleie H. Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. A comparison of the anaesthetic agents etomidate and Althesin with methohexitone. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1984;69:472-483.
    • (1984) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.69 , pp. 472-483
    • Gran, L.1    Bergsholm, P.2    Bleie, H.3
  • 58
    • 0021993288 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the ocular effects of atropine or glycopyrrolate with two I.V. induction agents
    • Greenan J, Prasad J. Comparison of the ocular effects of atropine or glycopyrrolate with two I.V. induction agents. Br J Anaesth. 1985;57:180-183.
    • (1985) Br J Anaesth , vol.57 , pp. 180-183
    • Greenan, J.1    Prasad, J.2
  • 59
    • 0034914956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: Propofol versus thiopental
    • Harti A, Hmamouchi B, Idali H, et al. Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: propofol versus thiopental. Encephale. 2001;27:217-221.
    • (2001) Encephale , vol.27 , pp. 217-221
    • Harti, A.1    Hmamouchi, B.2    Idali, H.3
  • 60
    • 1842576606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: A comparison of sevoflurane with propofol
    • Hodgson RE, Dawson P, Hold AR, et al. Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: a comparison of sevoflurane with propofol. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2004;32:241-245.
    • (2004) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.32 , pp. 241-245
    • Hodgson, R.E.1    Dawson, P.2    Hold, A.R.3
  • 61
    • 0015504743 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of ketamine and methohexital in electroconvulsive therapy
    • McInnes EJ, James NM. A comparison of ketamine and methohexital in electroconvulsive therapy. Med J Aust. 1972;1:1031-1032.
    • (1972) Med J Aust , vol.1 , pp. 1031-1032
    • McInnes, E.J.1    James, N.M.2
  • 62
    • 0014525601 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of propaniid and thiopentone as induction agents for electro-convulsive therapy
    • Naftalin AL, Haw ME, Bevans HG. A comparison of propaniid and thiopentone as induction agents for electro-convulsive therapy. Br J Anaesth. 1969;41:506-515.
    • (1969) Br J Anaesth , vol.41 , pp. 506-515
    • Naftalin, A.L.1    Haw, M.E.2    Bevans, H.G.3
  • 64
    • 0036900516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction agents in electroconvulsive therapy: A comparison of methohexitone and propofol
    • Scott A, Boddy H. Induction agents in electroconvulsive therapy: a comparison of methohexitone and propofol. Psychiatr Bull. 2002;26:455-457.
    • (2002) Psychiatr Bull , vol.26 , pp. 455-457
    • Scott, A.1    Boddy, H.2
  • 65
    • 0014283620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woodruff RA Jr, Pitts FN Jr, McClure JN Jr. The drug modification of ECT. I. Methohexital, thiopental, and preoxygenation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1968;18:605-611.
    • Woodruff RA Jr, Pitts FN Jr, McClure JN Jr. The drug modification of ECT. I. Methohexital, thiopental, and preoxygenation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1968;18:605-611.
  • 66
    • 0037398520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative effects of propofol versus thiopentone on left ventricular function during electroconvulsive therapy
    • Kadoi Y, Saito S, Ide M, et al. The comparative effects of propofol versus thiopentone on left ventricular function during electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2003;31:172-175.
    • (2003) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.31 , pp. 172-175
    • Kadoi, Y.1    Saito, S.2    Ide, M.3
  • 67
    • 0037301128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The timing of electroconvulsive therapy and bispectral index after anesthesia induction using different drugs does not affect seizure duration
    • Lemmens HJ, Levi DC, Debattista C, et al. The timing of electroconvulsive therapy and bispectral index after anesthesia induction using different drugs does not affect seizure duration. J Clin Anesth. 2003;15:29-32.
    • (2003) J Clin Anesth , vol.15 , pp. 29-32
    • Lemmens, H.J.1    Levi, D.C.2    Debattista, C.3
  • 68
    • 16344385639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative hemodynamic effects of methohexital and remifentanil in electroconvulsive therapy
    • Locala JA, Irefin SA, Malone D, et al. The comparative hemodynamic effects of methohexital and remifentanil in electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2005;21:12-15.
    • (2005) J ECT , vol.21 , pp. 12-15
    • Locala, J.A.1    Irefin, S.A.2    Malone, D.3
  • 69
    • 0025006794 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of propofol and thiopentone as anaesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Boey WK, Lai FO. Comparison of propofol and thiopentone as anaesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesthesia. 1990;45:623-628.
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , pp. 623-628
    • Boey, W.K.1    Lai, F.O.2
  • 70
    • 0023874696 scopus 로고
    • Propofol and electroconvulsive therapy
    • Rampton AJ, Griffin RM, Durcan JJ, et al. Propofol and electroconvulsive therapy. Lancet. 1988;1:296-297.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 296-297
    • Rampton, A.J.1    Griffin, R.M.2    Durcan, J.J.3
  • 71
    • 0037301452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alfentanil has no proconvulsive effect during electroconvulsive therapy
    • van den Broek WW, Groenland TH, Kusuma A, et al. Alfentanil has no proconvulsive effect during electroconvulsive therapy. Can J Anaesth. 2003;50:198-199.
    • (2003) Can J Anaesth , vol.50 , pp. 198-199
    • van den Broek, W.W.1    Groenland, T.H.2    Kusuma, A.3
  • 72
    • 0018818914 scopus 로고
    • Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on serum isoenzymes
    • Braasch ER, Demaso DR. Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on serum isoenzymes. Am J Psychiatry. 1980;137:625-626.
    • (1980) Am J Psychiatry , vol.137 , pp. 625-626
    • Braasch, E.R.1    Demaso, D.R.2
  • 73
    • 0023125982 scopus 로고
    • Studies of dosage, seizure threshold, and seizure duration in ECT
    • Sackeim HA, Decina P, Portnoy S, et al. Studies of dosage, seizure threshold, and seizure duration in ECT. Biol Psychiatry. 1987;22:249-268.
    • (1987) Biol Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 249-268
    • Sackeim, H.A.1    Decina, P.2    Portnoy, S.3
  • 74
    • 0027363530 scopus 로고
    • Age effect on electroconvulsive therapy seizure resistance
    • Swartz CM. Age effect on electroconvulsive therapy seizure resistance. Convuls Ther. 1993;9:181-184.
    • (1993) Convuls Ther , vol.9 , pp. 181-184
    • Swartz, C.M.1
  • 75
    • 67649923584 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy: Introduction
    • Ottosson JO. Experimental studies of the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy: introduction. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1960;35:5-6.
    • (1960) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl , vol.35 , pp. 5-6
    • Ottosson, J.O.1
  • 76
    • 84907036204 scopus 로고
    • Propofol as an anaesthetic agent for ECT: Effect on outcome and length of course
    • Mitchell P, Torda T, Hickie I, et al. Propofol as an anaesthetic agent for ECT: effect on outcome and length of course. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1991;25:255-261.
    • (1991) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 255-261
    • Mitchell, P.1    Torda, T.2    Hickie, I.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.