Language spread rates and prehistoric American migration rates

Current Anthropology

Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1109-1117

  Nichols, Johanna ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 58749089084     PISSN: 00113204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/592436     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Adelaar, Willem F. H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. The languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Anderson, David G., and J. Christopher Gillam. 2000. Paleoindian colonization of the Americas: Implications from an examination of physiography, demography, and artifact distribution. American Antiquity 65:43-66.
3. Babel, Molly, Andrew Garrett, Michael Houser, and Maziar Toosarvandani. Forthcoming. Descent and diffusion in language diversification: A study of Western Numic dialectology. International Journal of American Linguistics.
4. Bettinger, Robert L., and Martin A. Baumhoff. 1982. The Numic spread: Great Basin cultures in competition. American Antiquity 47:485-503.
5. Blust, Robert A. 1995. The prehistory of the Austronesianspeaking peoples: A view from language. Journal of World Prehistory 9:453-510.
6. Campbell, Lyle. 1997. American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Clague, John J., Rolf W. Mathewes, and Thomas A. Ager. 2004. Environments of northwestern North America before the last glacial maximum. In Entering America, ed. D. B. Madsen, 63-94. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
8. Dillehay, Tom D. 1999. The late Pleistocene cultures of South America. Evolutionary Anthropology 7:206-16.
9. -. 2000. The settlement of the Americas: A new prehistory. New York: Basic Books.
10. -. 2003. Palaeoanthropology: Tracking the first Americans. Nature 425:224.
11. Dillehay, Tom D., C. Ramírez, M. Pino, M. B. Collins, J. Rossen, and J. D. Pino-Navarro. 2008. Monte Verde: Seaweed, food, medicine, and the peopling of South America. Science 320:784-86.
12. Dillehay, Thomas D. 1991. Disease ecology and initial human migration. In The first Americans: Search and research, ed. Thomas D. Dillehay and David J. Meltzer, 231-64. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
13. -. 1997. Monte Verde: A late Pleistocene settlement in Chile. Vol. II. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
14. Embleton, Sheila. 1986. Statistics in historical linguistics. Bochum: Brockmeyer.
15. -. 1991. Mathematical methods of genetic classification. In Sprung from some common source: Explorations into the prehistory of languages, ed. S. M. Lamb and E. D. Mitchell, 365-88. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
16. Evans, Nicholas. 2003. Introduction: Comparative non-PamaNyungan and Australian historical linguistics. In The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia, ed. Nicholas Evans, 3-25. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
17. Evans, Nicholas, and Patrick McConvell. 1998. The enigma of Pama-Nyungan expansion in Australia. In Archaeology and language II: Archaeological data and linguistic hypotheses, ed. Roger Blench and Matthew Spriggs, 174-91. London: Routledge.
18. Fairbanks, Richard G. 2005. Radiocarbon age to calendar age conversion, http://radiocarbon.ldeo.columbia.edu/ research/radcarbcal.htm (accessed Nov. 24, 2008).
19. Fort, Joaquim, Toni Pujol, and Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. 2004. Palaeolithic populations and waves of advance. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14:53-61.
20. Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Dennis L. Jenkins, Anders Götherstrom, Nuria Naveran, Juan J. Sanchez, Michael Hofreiter, Philip Francis Thomsen, et al. 2008. DNA from pre-Clovis human coprolites in Oregon, North America. Science 320: 786-89.
21. Goddard, Ives. 1996. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 17, Languages. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press.
22. -. 1999. Native languages and language families of North America (map). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
23. Goebel, Ted, Michael R. Waters, and Dennis H. O'Rourke. 2008. The late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas. Science 319:1497-502.
24. Golden, Peter. 1990. The peoples of the Russian forest belt. In The Cambridge history of early inner Asia, ed. Denis Sinor, 229-55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Gruhn, Ruth. 2004. Current archaeological evidence of late Pleistocene settlement of South America. In New perspectives on the first Americans, ed. Bradley T. Lepper and Robson Bonnichsen, 27-34. College Station: Center for the Study of the First Americans.
26. Hill, Jane H. 2001. Languages on the land. In Language, archaeology, and history, ed. John Terrell, 257-82. Westport: Bergin and Garvey.
27. Holman, Eric W., Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Viveka Velupillai, André Müller, and Dik Bakker. 2008. Explorations in automated language classification. Folia Linguistica 42(2):331-54.
28. Kaufman, Terrence S. 1994. The native languages of South America. In Atlas of the world's languages, ed. Christopher Moseley and R. E. Asher, 46-76. London: Routledge.
29. Kessler, Brett. 2001. The significance of word lists. Stanford: CSLI.
30. Kirch, Patrick V. 1997. The Lapita peoples: Ancestors of the oceanic world. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
31. -. 2000. On the road of the winds: An archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact. Berkeley: University of California Press.
32. Madsen, David, and David Rhode, eds. 1994. Across the West: Human population movement and the expansion of the Numa. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
33. McConvell, Patrick. 1996. Backtracking to Babel: The chronology of Pama-Nyungan expansion in Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 31:125-44.
34. McMahon, April, and Robert McMahon. 2005. Language classification by numbers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
35. Migliazza, Ernest C. 1985. Languages of the Orinoco-Amazon region: Current status. In South American Indian languages: Retrospect and prospect, ed. Harriet E. Manelis Klein and Louisa R. Stark, 17-139. Austin: University of Texas Press.
36. Montenegro, Alvaro, Adauto Ara-jo, Michael Eby, Luiz Fernando Ferreira, Renée Hetherington, and Andrew J. Weaver. 2006. Parasites, paleoclimate, and the peopling of the Americas: Using the hookworm to time the Clovis migration. Current Anthropology 47:193-200.
37. Moseley, Christopher, and R. E. Asher, eds. 1994. Atlas of the world's languages. London: Routledge.
38. Nettle, Daniel. 1999a. Linguistic diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
39. -. 1999b. Linguistic diversity of the Americas can be reconciled with a recent colonization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A. 96:3325-29.
40. Nichols, Johanna. 1990. Linguistic diversity and the first settlement of the New World. Language 66:475-521.
41. -. 1992. Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. -. 1997. Modeling ancient population structures and movement in linguistics. Annual Review of Anthropology 26:359-84.
43. -. 1998. The Eurasian spread zone and the IndoEuropean dispersal. In Archaeology and language II: Archaeological data and linguistics hypotheses, ed. Roger Blench and Matthew Spriggs, 220-66. London: Routledge.
44. -. 2000. Estimating dates of early American colonization events. In Time depth in historical linguistics, vol. 2, ed. Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask, 643-63. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
45. Nichols, Johanna, and David A. Peterson. 1996. The Amerind personal pronouns. Language 72:336-71.
46. Pawley, Andrew K., Robert Attenborough, Jack Golson, and Robin Hide. 2005. Papuan pasts: Cultural, linguistic, and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples: PL 572. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
47. Pawley, Andrew K., and Malcolm D. Ross. 1993. Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history. Annual Review of Anthropology 22:425-59.
48. Schroeder, K. B., T. G. Schurr, J. C. Long, N. A. Rosenberg, M. H. Crawford, L. A. Tarskaia, L. P. Osipova, S. I. Zhadanov, and David G. Smith. 2007. A private allele ubiquitous in the Americas. Biology Letters 3:218-23.
49. Schurr, Theodore G. 2004. The peopling of the New World: Perspectives from molecular anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:551-83.
50. Stine, Scott. 1994. Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during mediaeval time. Nature 369: 546-19.
51. Waters, Michael R., and Thomas W. Stafford Jr. 2007. Redefining the age of Clovis: Implications for the peopling of the Americas. Science 315:1122-26.