Geologic, geochemical, and geochronological constraints on the genesis of gold mineralization at Poplar mountain, western New Brunswick, Canada

Exploration and Mining Geology

Volumn 17, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 101-130

  Chi, Guoxiang ^a   Watters, S ^b,e   Davis, W J ^b   Ni, P ^c   Castonguay, S ^b   Hoy, D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGINA   (Canada)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^c NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d Freewest Resources Canada Incorporation   (Canada)

^e Québec Division ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

Ar Ar dating; Fluid inclusions; Gold deposits; Intrusion related gold systems; Isocon; Poplar Mountain

Indexed keywords

ARGON-ARGON DATING; BRITTLE DEFORMATION; FAULT ZONE; FLUID INCLUSION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GOLD; HOST ROCK; HYDROTHERMAL FLUID; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; LITHOLOGY; MINERAL ALTERATION; MINERALIZATION; QUARTZ VEIN; URANIUM-LEAD DATING;

CANADA; NEW BRUNSWICK; NORTH AMERICA; ONTARIO [CANADA]; WOODSTOCK;

EID: 58649102426     PISSN: 09641823     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsemg.17.1-2.101     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Baker, T., 2002, Emplacement depth and carbon dioxiderich fluid inclusions in intrusion-related gold deposits: Economic Geology, v. 97, p. 1111-1118.
2. Bakker, R.J., 1997, Clathrates: Computer programs to calculate fluid inclusion V-X properties using clathrate melting temperatures: Computer Geosciences, v. 23, p. 1-18.
3. Bevier, M.L., and Whalen, J.B., 1990, Tectonic significance of Silurian magmatism in the Canadian Appalachians: Geology, v. 18, p. 411-414.
4. 2O-NaCl solutions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 683-684.
5. Bourque, P.-A., Brisbois, D., and Malo, M., 1995, Gaspé belt, in Williams, H., ed., Chapter 4, Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen in Canada and Greenland: Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 6, p. 316-351.
6. Chi, G., 2002, Fluid compositions and temperature-pressure conditions of intrusion-related gold systems in southwestern New Brunswick - A fluid inclusion study: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, 2002-E13, 11 p.
7. Chi, G., and Watters, S., 2002, The Poplar Mountain Au occurrence, southwestern New Brunswick - A preliminary geologic and petrographic study: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 2002-D6, 11 p.
8. 2-dominated fluids: Mineralium Deposita, v. 40, p. 726-741.
9. Cooke, D.R., and Simmons, S.F., 2000, Characteristics and genesis of epithermal gold deposits, in Hagemann, S.G., and Brown, P.E., eds., Gold in 2000: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 221-244.
10. Cumming, G.L., and Richards, J.R., 1975, Ore lead in a continuously changing Earth: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 28, p. 155-171.
11. 2 system: Prediction of phase equilibria and volumetric properties: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 2869-2882.
12. Evensen, N.M., Hamilton, P.J., and O'Nions, R.K., 1978, Rare-earth abundances in chondritic meteorites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 1199-1212.
13. Fyffe, L.R., 2001, Stratigraphy and geochemistry of Ordovician volcanic rocks of the Eel River area, west-central New Brunswick: Atlantic Geology, v. 37, p. 91-103.
14. Grant, J.A., 1986, The isocon diagram - A simple solution to Gresens' equation for metasomatic alteration: Economic Geology, v. 81, p. 1976-1982.
15. Gresens, R.L., 1967, Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism: Chemical Geology, v. 2, p. 47-55.
16. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Robert, F., and Hart, G.J.R., 2003, Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and explorations significance: Economic Geology, v. 98, p. 1-29.
17. Heinrich, C.A., Gunther, D., Audedat, A., Ulrich, T., and Frischknecht, R., 1999, Metal fractionation between magmatic brine and vapor, determined by microanalysis of fluid inclusions: Geology, v. 27, p. 755-758.
18. Holloway, J.R., 1981, Compositions and volumes of super-critical fluids in the earth's crust, in Hollister, H.L., and Crawford, M.L., eds., Fluid inclusions: Applications to petrology: Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Handbook, v. 6, p. 13-38.
19. Hopeck, J., 2001, Post-Caradocian, pre-Acadian stratigraphy in eastern Maine: Relation of the Aroostook-Matapedia belt to the Miramichi Anticlinorium and the central Maine belt: 93rd Annual Meeting of the New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Field Guide Book, p. C4-1-C4-13.
20. Kerrich, R., 1989, Shear-zone hosted mesothermal gold deposits: A review of geochemical evidence on the sources of fluids and solutes, in Bursnall, J.T., ed., Mineralization and shear zone: Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, v. 6, p. 129-197.
21. 2-rich fluid inclusions with chalcopyrite daughter mineral from the Fenghuangshan copper-gold deposit, China: Implications for metal transport in vapor: Mineralium Deposita, v. 42, 293-299.
22. Lang, J.R., and Baker, T., 2001, Intrusion-related gold systems: The present level of understanding: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, p. 477-489.
23. Lang, J.R., Baker, T., Hart, C.J., and Mortensen, J.K., 2000, An exploration model for intrusion related gold systems: SEG Newsletter, v. 40, p. 1-15.
24. Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., and Zanettin, B., 1986, A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 745-750.
25. Leitch, C.H.B., and Lentz, D.R., 1994, The Gresens approach to mass balance constraints of alteration systems: Methods, pitfalls, examples, in Lentz, D.R., ed., Alteration and alteration processes associated with ore-forming systems: Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, v. 11, p. 161-192.
26. Lentz, D.R., and Gregoire, C., 1995, Petrology and mass-balance constraints on major, trace, and rare-earth-element mobility in porphyry-greisen alteration associated with the epizonal True Hill granite, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 52, p. 303-331.
27. Loucks, R., and Mavrogenes, J.A., 1999, Gold solubility in supercritical hydrothermal brines measured in synthetic fluid inclusions: Science, v. 284, p. 2159-2163.
28. Ludwig, K.R., 2001, User's manual for Isoplot/Ex rev. 2.49: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel: Berkeley Geochronology Centre, Berkeley, Special Publication 1a, 55 p.
29. McLeod, M.J., and McCutcheon, S.R., 2000, Gold environments in New Brunswick: New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Minerals and Energy Division, Plate 2000-8.
30. McLeod, M.J., Johnson, S.C., and Ruitenberg, A.A., 1994, Geological map of the southwestern New Brunswick: New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Mineral Resources Map NR-5, scale 1:250 000.
31. McLeod, M.J., Hoy, D., and Thorne, K., 2008, History of an evolving gold district, southern New Brunswick, Canada: Exploration and Mining Geology, v. 17, no. 1-2, p. 1-12.
32. NBDNRE, 2000, Bedrock geology of New Brunswick, New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Map NR-1 (2000 Edition), scale 1:500 000.
33. Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., and Tindle, A.G., 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 956-983.
34. Poulsen, K.H., Robert, F., and Dube, B., 2000, Geologic classification of Canadian gold deposits: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, v. 540, 106 p.
35. Rast, N., Lutes, G.G., and St. Peter, C., 1980, The geology and deformation history of the southern part of the Matapedia zone and its relationship to the Miramichi zone and Canterbury basin, in Roy, D.C., and Naylor, R.S., eds., A guidebook to the geology of northeastern Maine and neighboring New Brunswick: 72nd Annual Meeting of the New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Presque Isle, Maine, p. 191-201.
36. Renne, P.R., Deino, A.L., Walter, R.C., Turrin, B.D., Swisher, C.C., III, Becker, T.A., Curtis, G.H., Sharp, W.D., and Jaouni, A.R., 1994, Intercalibration of astronomical and radioisotopic time: Geology, v. 22, p. 783-786.
37. Ridley, J.R., and Diamond, L.W., 2000, Fluid chemistry of orogenic lode gold deposits and implications for genetic models, in Hagemann, S.G., and Brown, P.E., eds., Gold in 2000: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 141-162.
38. 39Ar dating: Radiogenic age and isotopic studies, report 2: Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 88-2, p. 7-16.
39. 39Ar analysis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 48, p. 85-208.
40. Ruitenberg, A.A., 1994, Metallogeny and lithogeochemistry of the southern Tobique zone, York County, New Brunswick: New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Minerals and Energy Division, Geoscience Report 94-4, 19 p.
41. Ruitenberg, A.A., Johnson, S.C., and Fyffe, L.R., 1990, Epigenetic gold deposits and their tectonic setting in the New Brunswick Appalachians: CIM Bulletin, v. 83, p. 43-55.
42. 2 content of fluid inclusions in gold mineralizations in the Ashanti belt, Ghana: A new category of ore forming fluids: Mineralium Deposita, v. 32, p. 107-118.
43. Seward, T.M., 1991, The hydrothermal geochemistry of gold, in Foster, R.P., ed., Gold metallogeny and Exploration: Blackie, Glasgow and London, p. 37-62.
44. Sheppard, S.M.F., 1986, Characterization and isotopic variations in natural water, in Valley, J.W., Taylor, H.P.Jr., and O'Neil, J.R., eds., Stable isotopes in high-temperature geological processes: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 16, p. 165-183.
45. Soave, G., 1972, Equilibrium constants from a modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state: Chemical Engineering Science, v. 27, p. 1197-1203.
46. Stern, R.A., 1997, The GSC Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP): Analytical techniques of zircon U - Th - Pb age determinations and performance evaluation: Radiogenic age and isotopic studies, report 10: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 1997-F, p. 1-31.
47. Stern, R.A., and Amelin, Y., 2003, Assessment of errors in SIMS zircon U - Pb geochronology using a natural zircon standard and NIST SRM 610 glass: Chemical Geology, v. 197, p. 111-146.
48. Taylor, B.E., 1986, Magmatic volatiles: Isotopic variation of C, H, and S, in Valley, J.W., Taylor, H.P. Jr., and O'Neil, J.R., eds., Stable isotopes in high-temperature geological processes: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 16, p. 185-225.
49. Thompson, J.F.H., and Newberry, R.J., 2000, Gold deposits related to reduced granitic intrusions, in Hagemann, S.G., and Brown, P.E., eds., Gold in 2000: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 377-400.
50. Valley, J.W., 1986, Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks, in Valley, J.W., Taylor, H.R Jr., and O'Neil, J.R., eds., Stable isotopes in high-temperature geological processes: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 16, p. 45-489.
51. van Staal, C., 1994, Brunswick subduction complex in the Canadian Appalachians: Record of the Late Ordovician to Late Silurian collision between Laurentia and the Gander margin of Avalon: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 946-962.
52. 39Ar ages of the Babine porphyries and Newman Volcanics, Fulton Lake map area, west-central British Columbia: Radiogenic age and isotopic studies, report 10: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 1997-F, p.131-139.
53. 39Ar ages in the Phanerozoic: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, p. 4017-4030.
54. Watters, S.E., 1998, Report on geological-structural mapping, Poplar Mountain grid: Poplar Mountain project of Freewest Resources Canada Inc., Fosterville, New Brunswick: Freewest Resources Canada Inc., internal Report, 34 p.
55. Watters, S.E., and Chi, G., 2002, Detailed bedrock geology of the Poplar Mountain gold deposit (part of NTS 21 G/13), York County, New Brunswick: New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Mineral, Policy and Planning Division, Plate 2002-58.
56. Whalen, J.B., Rogers, N., van Staal, C.R., Longstaffe, F.J., Jenner, G.A., and Winchester, J.A., 1998, Geochemical and isotopic (Nd, O) data from Ordovician felsic plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Miramichi Highlands: Petrogenetic and metallogenic implications for the Bathurst mining camp: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 35, p. 237-252.
57. Williams, H., 1995, Temporal and spatial divisions, in Williams, H., ed., Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen in Canada and Greenland: Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 6, p. 21-44.
58. Winchester, J.A., and Floyd, P.A., 1977, Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements: Chemical Geology, v. 20, p. 325-343.
59. Yang, X., Lentz, D.R., and Chi, G., 2002, Petrochemistry of Lake George granodiorite stock and related Au mineralization, York County, New Brunswick: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, 2002-D, 10 p.
60. Zheng, Y.-F., 1999, Oxygen isotope fractionation in carbonate and sulfate minerals: Geochemical Journal, v. 33, p. 109-126.