Four weeks of speed endurance training reduces energy expenditure during exercise and maintains muscle oxidative capacity despite a reduction in training volume

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 106, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 73-80

  Iaia, F Marcello ^a,b   Hellsten, Ylva ^a   Nielsen, Jens Jung ^a   Fernstrom, Maria ^c,d   Sahlin, Kent ^c,d   Bangsbo, Jens ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^d SWEDISH SCHOOL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (Sweden)

Author keywords

3 hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase; Citrate synthase; Fiber type distribution; Oxygen uptake; Uncoupling protein 3

Indexed keywords

ACYL COENZYME A DEHYDROGENASE; CITRATE SYNTHASE; LACTIC ACID; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 3;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENDURANCE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EXERCISE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HUMAN TISSUE; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; MUSCLE CAPILLARY; MUSCLE CELL; OXIDATION; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RUNNING; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TRAINING; TREADMILL EXERCISE; VELOCITY;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADULT; BODY WEIGHT; CAPILLARIES; ENERGY METABOLISM; HEART RATE; HUMANS; ION CHANNELS; LACTIC ACID; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MITOCHONDRIA, MUSCLE; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS; MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; PULMONARY VENTILATION; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; RUNNING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 58649097755     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90676.2008     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Bergstrom J. Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in physiological and clinical research. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 35: 609-616, 1975.
2. Billat VL, Flechet B, Petit B, Muriaux G, Koralsztein JP. Interval training at Vo2max: effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 156-163, 1999.
3. Bosco C, Montanari G, Ribacchi R, Giovenali P, Latteri F, Iachelli G, Faina M, Colli R, Dal MA, La RM. Relationship between the efficiency of muscular work during jumping and the energetics of running. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 56: 138-143, 1987.
4. Boss O, Hagen T, Lowell BB. Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3: potential regulators of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Diabetes 49: 143-156, 2000.
5. Brooke MH, Kaiser KK. Three "myosin adenosine triphosphatase" systems: the nature of their pH lability and sulfhydryl dependence. J Histochem Cytochem 18: 670-672, 1970.
6. Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, Rakobowchuk M, Mac-Donald MJ, McGee SL, Gibala MJ. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. J Physiol 586: 151-160, 2008.
7. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol 98: 1985-1990, 2005.
8. Chesley A, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL. Regulation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase activity following short-term endurance training. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 270: E328-E335, 1996.
9. Conley DL, Krahenbuhl GS. Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 12: 357-360, 1980.
10. Costford SR, Seifert EL, Bezaire V, Gerrits F, Bevilacqua L, Gowing A, Harper ME. The energetic implications of uncoupling protein-3 in skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32: 884-894, 2007.
11. Coyle EF, Martin WH III, Bloomfield SA, Lowry OH, Holloszy JO. Effects of detraining on responses to submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 59: 853-859, 1985.
12. Dempsey JA, Harms CA, Ainsworth DM. Respiratory muscle perfusion and energetics during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28: 1123-1128, 1996.
13. di Prampero PE. The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. Int J Sports Med 7: 55-72, 1986.
14. Dick RW, Cavanagh PR. An explanation of the upward drift in oxygen uptake during prolonged sub-maximal downhill running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19: 310-317, 1987.
15. Echtay KS, Roussel D, St-Pierre J, Jekabsons MB, Cadenas S, Stuart JA, Harper JA, Roebuck SJ, Morrison A, Pickering S, Clapham JC, Brand MD. Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Nature 415: 96-99, 2002.
16. Evertsen F, Medbo JI, Jebens E, Gjovaag TF. Effect of training on the activity of five muscle enzymes studied on elite cross-country skiers. Acta Physiol Scand 167: 247-257, 1999.
17. Fernstrom M, Tonkonogi M, Sahlin K. Effects of acute and chronic endurance exercise on mitochondrial uncoupling in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 554: 755-763, 2004.
18. Foxdal P, Bergqvist Y, Eckerbom S, Sandhagen B. Improving lactate analysis with the YSI 2300 GL: hemolyzing blood samples makes results comparable with those for deproteinized whole blood. Clin Chem 38: 2110-2114, 1992.
19. Franch J, Madsen K, Djurhuus MS, Pedersen PK. Improved running economy following intensified training correlates with reduced ventilatory demands. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30: 1250-1256, 1998.
20. Gibala MJ, Little JP, van EM, Wilkin GP, Burgomaster KA, Safdar A, Raha S, Tarnopolsky MA. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. J Physiol 575: 901-911, 2006.
21. Gleeson M, Blannin AK, Walsh NP, Field CN, Pritchard JC. Effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on the blood lactate response to incremental exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 77: 292-295, 1998.
22. Gong DW, He Y, Karas M, Reitman M. Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, beta3-adrenergic agonists, and leptin. J Biol Chem 272: 24129-24132, 1997.
23. Helgerud J, Hoydal K, Wang E, Karlsen T, Berg P, Bjerkaas M, Simonsen T, Helgesen C, Hjorth N, Bach R, Hoff J. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve Vo2max more than moderate training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 665-671, 2007.
24. Hellsten Y, Rufener N, Nielsen JJ, Hoier B, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Passive leg movement enhances interstitial VEGF protein, endothelial cell proliferation, and eNOS mRNA content in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294: R975-R982, 2008.
25. Hesselink MK, Keizer HA, Borghouts LB, Schaart G, Kornips CF, Slieker LJ, Sloop KW, Saris WH, Schrauwen P. Protein expression of UCP3 differs between human type 1, type 2a, and type 2b fibers. FASEB J 15: 1071-1073, 2001.
26. Jensen L, Bangsbo J, Hellsten Y. Effect of high intensity training on capillarization and presence of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 557: 571-582, 2004.
27. Johntson RE, Quinn TJ, Kertzer R, Vroman NB. Strength training in female distance runners: impact on running economy. J Strength Cond Res 11: 224-229, 1997.
28. Kitamura K, Jorgensen CR, Gobel FL, Taylor HL, Wang Y. Hemo-dynamic correlates of myocardial oxygen consumption during upright exercise. J Appl Physiol 32: 516-522, 1972.
29. 2 uptake. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36: 973-982, 2004.
30. Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med 32: 53-73, 2002.
31. Laursen PB, Marsh SA, Jenkins DG, Coombes JS. Manipulating training intensity and volume in already well-trained rats: effect on skeletal muscle oxidative and glycolytic enzymes and buffering capacity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32: 434-442, 2007.
32. Laursen PB, Shing CM, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Jenkins DG. Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34: 1801-1807, 2002.
33. Liljedahl ME, Holm I, Sylven C, Jansson E. Different responses of skeletal muscle following sprint training in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 74: 375-383, 1996.
34. Lowry OH, Passonneau JV. Measurement of enzyme activites with pyridine nucleotides. In: A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis. 1972, p. 95-108.
35. Madsen K, Pedersen PK, Djurhuus MS, Klitgaard NA. Effects of detraining on endurance capacity and metabolic changes during prolonged exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol 75: 1444-1451, 1993.
36. Milkiewicz M, Brown MD, Egginton S, Hudlicka O. Association between shear stress, angiogenesis, and VEGF in skeletal muscles in vivo. Microcirculation 8: 229-241, 2001.
37. Millet GP, Jaouen B, Borrani F, Candau R. Effects of concurrent endurance and strength training on running economy and VO(2) kinetics. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34: 1351-1359, 2002.
38. Mogensen M, Bagger M, Pedersen PK, Fernstrom M, Sahlin K. Cycling efficiency in humans is related to low UCP3 content and to type I fibres but not to mitochondrial efficiency. J Physiol 571: 669-681, 2006.
39. Morgan DW, Craib M. Physiological aspects of running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 456-461, 1992.
40. Nummela A, Keranen T, Mikkelsson LO. Factors related to top running speed and economy. Int J Sports Med 28: 655-661, 2007.
41. Nummela AT, Paavolainen LM, Sharwood KA, Lambert MI, Noakes TD, Rusko HK. Neuromuscular factors determining 5 km running performance and running economy in well-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 97: 1-8, 2006.
42. Paavolainen L, Hakkinen K, Hamalainen I, Nummela A, Rusko H. Explosive-strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power. J Appl Physiol 86: 1527-1533, 1999.
43. Parra J, Cadefau JA, Rodas G, Amigo N, Cusso R. The distribution of rest periods affects performance and adaptations of energy metabolism induced by high-intensity training in human muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 169: 157-165, 2000.
44. Porszasz J, Barstow TJ, Wasserman K. Evaluation of a symmetrically disposed Pitot tube flowmeter for measuring gas flow during exercise. J Appl Physiol 77: 2659-2665, 1994.
45. Rivilis I, Milkiewicz M, Boyd P, Goldstein J, Brown MD, Egginton S, Hansen FM, Hudlicka O, Haas TL. Differential involvement of MMP-2 and VEGF during muscle stretch- versus shear stress-induced angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283: H1430-H1438, 2002.
46. Rodas G, Ventura JL, Cadefau JA, Cusso R, Parra J. A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Eur J Appl Physiol 82: 480-486, 2000.
47. Ross A, Leveritt M. Long-term metabolic and skeletal muscle adaptations to short-sprint training: implications for sprint training and tapering. Sports Med 31: 1063-1082, 2001.
48. 2 kinetics: the effect of training status, fibre type, UCP3 mRNA and citrate synthase activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26: 157-164, 2002.
49. Russell AP, Somm E, Praz M, Crettenand A, Hartley O, Melotti A, Giacobino JP, Muzzin P, Gobelet C, Deriaz O. UCP3 protein regulation in human skeletal muscle fibre types I, IIa and IIx is dependent on exercise intensity. J Physiol 550: 855-861, 2003.
50. Russell AP, Wadley G, Hesselink MK, Schaart G, Lo S, Leger B, Garnham A, Kornips E, Cameron-Smith D, Giacobino JP, Muzzin P, Snow R, Schrauwen P. UCP3 protein expression is lower in type I, IIa and IIx muscle fiber types of endurance-trained compared with untrained subjects. Pflügers Arch 445: 563-569, 2003.
51. Saunders PU, Pyne DB, Telford RD, Hawley JA. Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners. Sports Med 34: 465-485, 2004.
52. Saunders PU, Telford RD, Pyne DB, Peltola EM, Cunningham RB, Gore CJ, Hawley JA. Short-term plyometric training improves running economy in highly trained middle and long distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 20: 947-954, 2006.
53. Schrauwen P, Hoeks J, Hesselink MK. Putative function and physiological relevance of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-3: involvement in fatty acid metabolism? Prog Lipid Res 45: 17-41, 2006.
54. Schrauwen P, Russell AP, Moonen-Kornips E, Boon N, Hesselink MK. Effect of 2 weeks of endurance training on uncoupling protein 3 content in untrained human subjects. Acta Physiol Scand 183: 273-280, 2005.
55. Schrauwen P, Troost FJ, Xia J, Ravussin E, Saris WH. Skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 expression in trained and untrained male subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23: 966-972, 1999.
56. Shepley B, MacDougall JD, Cipriano N, Sutton JR, Tarnopolsky MA, Coates G. Physiological effects of tapering in highly trained athletes. J Appl Physiol 72: 706-711, 1992.
57. Slawinski J, Demarle A, Koralsztein JP, Billat V. Effect of supra-lactate threshold training on the relationship between mechanical stride descriptors and aerobic energy cost in trained runners. Arch Physiol Biochem 109: 110-116, 2001.
58. Spina RJ, Chi MM, Hopkins MG, Nemeth PM, Lowry OH, Holloszy JO. Mitochondrial enzymes increase in muscle in response to 7-10 days of cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol 80: 2250-2254, 1996.
59. Spurrs RW, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML. The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 89: 1-7, 2003.
60. Stepto NK, Hawley JA, Dennis SC, Hopkins WG. Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 736-741, 1999.
61. Svedenhag J, Sjodin B. Physiological characteristics of elite male runners in and off-season. Can J Appl Sport Sci 10: 127-133, 1985.
62. Turner AM, Owings M, Schwane JA. Improvement in running economy after 6 weeks of plyometric training. J Strength Cond Res 17: 60 -67, 2003.
63. Weston AR, Myburgh KH, Lindsay FH, Dennis SC, Noakes TD, Hawley JA. Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after high-intensity interval training by well-trained cyclists. Eur Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 75: 7-13, 1997.
64. Williams KR, Cavanagh PR. Relationship between distance running mechanics, running economy, and performance. J Appl Physiol 63: 1236-1245, 1987.