Mycoplasma lipoproteins and Toll-like receptors

Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 67-76

  Zuo, Ling Ling ^a   Wu, Yi Mou ^a   You, Xiao Xing ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

Mycoplasma lipoproteins lipopeptides; Mycoplasmal pathogenic mechanism; Signal pathway; Toll like receptors

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; MYCOPLASMA LIPOPROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 6; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; APOPTOSIS; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CYTOKINE RELEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INNATE IMMUNITY; LEUCINE RICH REPEAT; LIGAND BINDING; MYCOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMA FERMENTANS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; SHORT SURVEY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

LIPOPROTEINS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MYCOPLASMA; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

MYCOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMATALES;

EID: 58549118098     PISSN: 16731581     EISSN: 18621783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B0820256     Document Type: Short Survey

References (73)

1. Akira, S., Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., 2001. Toll-like receptors: Critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat. Immunol., 2 (8):675-680. [doi:10.1038/90609]
2. Aliprantis, A.O., Yang, R.B., Mark, M.R., Suggett, S., Devaux, B., Radolf, J.D., Klimpel, G.R., Godowski, P., Zychlinsky, A., 1999. Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through Toll-like receptor-2. Science, 285 (5428):736-739. [doi:10.1126/ science.285.5428.736]
3. Anders, H.J., Banas, B., Schlondorff, D., 2004. Signaling danger: Toll-like receptors and their potential roles in kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 15 (4):854-867. [doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000121781.89599.16]
4. Anderson, K.V., 2000. Toll signaling pathways in the innate immune response. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 12 (1):13-19. [doi:10.1016/ S0952-7915(99)00045-X]
5. Baseman, J.B., Tully, J.G., 1997. Mycoplasmas: Sophisticated, reemerging, and burdened by their notoriety. Emerg. Infect Dis., 3 (1):21-32.
6. Bell, J.K., Botos, I., Hall, P.R., Askins, J., Shiloach, J., Segal, D.M., Davies, D.R., 2005. The molecular structure of the Toll-like receptor 3 ligand-binding domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102 (31):10976-10980. [doi:10.1073/pnas.0505077102]
7. Brightbill, H.D., Libraty, D.H., Krutzik, S.R., Yang, R.B., Belisle, J.T., Bleharski, J.R., Maitland, M., Norgard, M.V., Plevy, S.E., Smale, S.T., et al., 1999. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through Toll-like receptors. Science, 285 (5428):732-736. [doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.732]
8. Buwitt-Beckmann, U., Heine, H., Wiesmüller, K.H., Jung, G., Brock, R., Akira, S., Ulmer, A.J., 2006. TLR1- and TLR6-independent recognition of bacterial lipopeptides. J. Biol. Chem., 281 (14):9049-9057. [doi:10.1074/jbc.M512525200]
9. Chambaud, I., Wróblewski, H., Blanchard, A., 1999. Interactions between mycoplasma lipoproteins and the host immune system. Trends Microbiol., 7 (12):493-499. [doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01641-8]
10. Chen, Z.J., 2005. Ubiquitin signalling in the NF-kappaB pathway. Nat. Cell Biol., 7 (8):758-765. [doi:10.1038/ncb0805-758]
11. Cook, D.N., Pisetsky, D.S., Schwartz, D.A., 2004. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease. Nat. Immunol., 5 (10):975-979. [doi:10.1038/ni1116]
12. Feng, S.H., Lo, S.C., 1994. Induced mouse spleen B-cell proliferation and secretion of immunoglobulin by lipid-associated membrane proteins of Mycoplasma fermentans incognitus and Mycoplasma penetrans. Infect. Immun., 62 (9):3916-3921.
13. Fraser, C.M., Gocayne, J.D., White, O., Adams, M.D., Clayton, R.A., Fleischmann, R.D., Bult, C.J., Kerlavage, A.R., Sutton, G., Kelley, J.M., et al., 1995. The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science, 270 (5235):397-403. [doi:10.1126/ science.270.5235.397]
14. Fraser, C.M., Casjens, S., Huang, W.M., Sutton, G.G., Clayton, R., Lathigra, R., White, O., Ketchum, K.A., Dodson, R., Hickey, E.K., et al., 1997. Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature, 390 (6660):580-586. [doi:10.1038/37551]
15. Fujita, M., Into, T., Yasuda, M., Okusawa, T., Hamahira, S., Kuroki, Y., Eto, A., Nisizawa, T., Morita, M., Shibata, K., 2003. Involvement of leucine residues at positions 107, 112, and 115 in a leucine-rich repeat motif of human Toll-like receptor 2 in the recognition of diacylated lipoproteins and lipopeptides and Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycans. J. Immunol., 171 (7):3675-3683.
16. Funami, K., Matsumoto, M., Oshiumi, H., Akazawa, T., Yamamoto, A., Seya, T., 2004. The cytoplasmic 'linker region' in Toll-like receptor 3 controls receptor localization and signaling. Int. Immunol., 16 (8):1143-1154. [doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh115]
17. Gantner, B.N., Simmons, R.M., Canavera, S.J., Akira, S., Underhill, D.M., 2003. Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2. J. Exp. Med., 197 (9):1107-1117. [doi:10.1084/jem.20021787]
18. Gay, N.J., Gangloff, M., 2007. Structure and function of Toll receptors and their ligands. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 76 (1):141-165. [doi:10.1146/ annurev.biochem.76.060305.151318]
19. Gay, N.J., Gangloff, M., 2008. Structure of Toll-like Receptors. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vol. 183, p.181-200. [doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_9]
20. Gerlic, M., Horowitz, J., Farkash, S., Horowitz, S., 2007. The inhibitory effect of Mycoplasma fermentans on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced apoptosis resides in the membrane lipoproteins. Cell. Microbiol., 9 (1):142-153. [doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00774.x]
21. Grabiec, A., Meng, G., Fichte, S., Bessler, W., Wagner, H., Kirschning, C.J., 2004. Human but not murine Toll-like receptor 2 discriminates between tri-palmitoylated and tri-lauroylated peptides. J. Biol. Chem., 279 (46):48004-48012. [doi:10.1074/jbc.M405311200]
22. Gringhuis, S.I., den Dunnen, J., Litjens, M., van Het Hof, B., van Kooyk, Y., Geijtenbeek, T.B., 2007. C-type lectin DC-SIGN modulates Toll-like receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Immunity, 26 (5):605-616. [doi:10.1016/ j.immuni.2007.03.012]
23. Hasan, U., Chaffois, C., Gaillard, C., Saulnier, V., Merck, E., Tancredi, S., Guiet, C., Brière, F., Vlach, J., Lebecque, S., et al., 2005. Human TLR10 is a functional receptor, expressed by B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which activates gene transcription through MyD88. J. Immunol., 174 (5):2942-2950.
24. Hasebe, A., Mu, H.H., Washburn, L.R., Chan, F.V., Pennock, N.D., Taylor, M.L., Cole, B.C., 2007. Inflammatory lipoproteins purified from a toxigenic and arthritogenic strain of Mycoplasma arthritidis are dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 and CD14. Infect. Immun., 75 (4):1820-1826. [doi:10.1128/IAI.00516-06]
25. Heil, F., Ahmad-Nejad, P., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Gellert, T., Dietrich, H., Lipford, G., Takeda, K., Akira, S., et al., 2003. The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily. Eur. J. Immunol., 33 (11):2987-2997. [doi:10.1002/eji.200324238]
26. Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., Bauer, S., 2004. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via Toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science, 303 (5663):1526-1529. [doi:10.1126/science.1093620]
27. Henderson, B., Poole, S., Wilson, M., 1996. Bacterial modulins: A novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis. Microbiol. Rev., 60 (2):316-341.
28. Himmelreich, R., Hilbert, H., Plagens, H., Pirkl, E., Li, B.C., Herrmann, R., 1996. Complete sequence analysis of the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nucleic. Acids Res., 24 (22):4420-4449. [doi:10.1093/nar/24.22.4420]
29. Hoebe, K., Georgel, P., Rutschmann, S., Du, X., Mudd, S., Crozat, K., Sovath, S., Shamel, L., Hartung, T., Zähringer, U., et al., 2005. CD36 is a sensor of diacylglycerides. Nature, 433 (7025):523-527. [doi:10.1038/nature03253]
30. Huizinga, E.G., Tsuji, S., Romijn, R.A.P., Schiphorst, M.E., de Groot, P.G., Sixma, J.J., Gros, P., 2002. Structures of glycoprotein Ib alpha and its complex with von Willebrand factor A1 domain. Science, 297 (5584):1176-1179. [doi:10.1126/science.107355]
31. Into, T., Shibata, K., 2005. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-mediated sustained p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation regulates mycoplasmal lipoprotein- and staphylococcal peptidoglycan-triggered Toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathways. Cell. Microbiol., 7 (9):1305-1317. [doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00558.x]
32. Into, T., Kiura, K., Yasuda, M., Kataoka, H., Inoue, N., Hasebe, A., Takeda, K., Akira, S., Shibata, K., 2004. Stimulation of human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR6 with membrane lipoproteins of Mycoplasma fermentans induces apoptotic cell death after NF-kappaB activation. Cell. Microbiol., 6 (2):187-199. [doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00356.x]
33. Jan, G., Fontenelle, C., Le Hénaff, M., Wróblewski, H., 1995. Acylation and immunological properties of Mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins. Res. Microbiol., 146 (9):739-750. [doi:10.1016/ 0923-2508(96)81070-9]
34. Jan, G., Brenner, C., Wróblewski, H., 1996. Purification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins p52, p67 (pMGA), and p77 by high-performance liquid chromatography. Protein Expr. Purif., 7 (2):160-166. [doi:10.1006/prep.1996.0023]
35. Jin, M.S., Kim, S.E., Heo, J.Y., Lee, M.E., Kim, H.M., Paik, S.G., Lee, H., Lee, J.O., 2007. Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide. Cell, 130 (6):1071-1082. [doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.008]
36. Kawai, T., Akira, S., 2005. Toll-like receptor downstream signaling. Arthritis. Res. Ther., 7 (1):12-19. [doi:10.1186/ar1469]
37. Kawai, T., Akira, S., 2007. Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors. Trends Mol. Med., 13 (11):460-469. [doi:10.1016/ j.molmed.2007.09.002]
38. Kim, H.M., Park, B.S., Kim, J.I., Kim, S.E., Lee, J., Oh, S.C., Enkhbayar, P., Matsushima, N., Lee, H., Yoo, O.J., et al., 2007. Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran. Cell, 130 (5):906-917. [doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.002]
39. Latz, E., Schoenemeyer, A., Visintin, A., Fitzgerald, K.A., Monks, B.G., Knetter, C.F., Lien, E., Nilsen, N.J., Espevik, T., Golenbock, D.T., 2004. TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome. Nat. Immunol., 5 (2):190-198. [doi:10.1038/ni1028]
40. Leifer, C.A., Kennedy, M.N., Mazzoni, A., Lee, C., Kruhlak, M.J., Segal, D.M., 2004. TLR9 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to stimulation. J. Immunol., 173 (2):1179-1183.
41. Lemaitre, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J.M., Hoffmann, J.A., 1996. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell, 86 (6):973-983. [doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80172-5]
42. Liu, P.T., Krutzik, S.R., Modlin, R.L., 2007. Therapeutic implications of the TLR and VDR partnership. Trends Mol. Med., 13 (3):117-124. [doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2007.01.006]
43. Matsumoto, M., Takeda, J., Inoue, N., Hara, T., Hatanaka, M., Takahashi, K., Nagasawa, S., Akedo, H., Seya, T., 1997. A novel protein that participates in nonself discrimination of malignant cells by homologous complement. Nat. Med., 3: 1266-1270. [doi:10.1038/nm1197-1266]
44. Matsumoto, M., Funami, K., Tanabe, M., Oshiumi, H., Shingai, M., Seto, Y., Yamamoto, A., Seya, T., 2003. Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cells. J. Immunol., 171 (6):3154-3162.
45. Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., Kopp, E., Stadlen, A., Chen, C., Ghosh, S., Janeway, C.A.J., 1998. MyD88 is an adaptor protein in the hToll/IL-1 receptor family signaling pathways. Mol. Cell, 2 (2):253-258. [doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80136-7]
46. Mitsunari, M., Yoshida, S., Shoji, T., Tsukihara, S., Iwabe, T., Harada, T., Terakawa, N., 2006. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 induces cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E(2) via Toll-like receptor 2 in human placental trophoblast cells. J. Reprod. Immunol., 72 (1-2):46-59. [doi:10.1016/j.jri.2006.02.003]
47. Mühlradt, P.F., Schade, U., 1991. MDHM, a macrophage-stimulatory product of Mycoplasma fermentans, leads to in vitro interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin production and is pyrogenic in rabbits. Infect. Immun., 59 (11):3969-3974.
48. Mühlradt, P.F., Meyer, H., Jansen, R., 1996. Identification of S -(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) cystein in a macrophage-activating lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans. Biochemistry, 35 (24):7781-7786. [doi:10.1021/bi9602831]
49. Mühlradt, P.F., Kiess, M., Meyer, H., Süssmuth, R., Jung, G., 1997. Isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of a macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans acting at picomolar concentration. J. Exp. Med., 185 (11):1951-1958. [doi:10.1084/ jem.185.11.1951]
50. Mühlradt, P.F., Kiess, M., Meyer, H., Süssmuth, R., Jung, G., 1998. Structure and specific activity of macrophage-stimulating lipopeptides from Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Infect Immun., 66 (10):4804-4810.
51. Muzio, M., Natoli, G., Saccani, S., Levrero, M., Mantovani, A., 1998. The human Toll signaling pathway: Divergence of nuclear factor kappaB and JNK/SAPK activation upstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). J. Exp. Med., 187 (12):2097-2101. [doi:10.1084/jem.187.12.2097]
52. Nishitani, C., Mitsuzawa, H., Sano, H., Shimizu, T., Matsushima, N., Kuroki, Y., 2006. Toll-like receptor 4 region Glu24-Lys47 is a site for MD-2 binding: Importance of CYS29 and CYS40. J. Biol. Chem., 281 (50):38322-38329. [doi:10.1074/jbc.M606904200]
53. Okusawa, T., Fujita, M., Nakamura, J., Into, T., Yasuda, M., Yoshimura, A., Hara, Y., Hasebe, A., Golenbock, D.T., Morita, M., et al., 2004. Relationship between structures and biological activities of mycoplasmal diacylated lipopeptides and their recognition by Toll-like receptors 2 and 6. Infect. Immun., 72 (3):1657-1665. [doi:10.1128/ IAI.72.3.1657-1665.2004]
54. Omueti, K.O., Beyer, J.M., Johnson, C.M., Lyle, E.A., Tapping, R.I., 2005. Domain exchange between human Toll-like receptors 1 and 6 reveals a region required for lipopeptide discrimination. J. Biol. Chem., 280 (44):36616-36625. [doi:10.1074/jbc.M504320200]
55. O'Neill, L.A.J., Fitzgerald, K.A., Bowie, A.G., 2003. The Toll-IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members. Trends in Immunol., 24: 287-290. [doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00115-7]
56. Shibata, K., Hasebe, A., Into, T., Yamada, M., Watanabe, T., 2000. The N-terminal lipopeptide of a 44-kDa membrane-bound lipoprotein of Mycoplasma salivarium is responsible for the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the cell surface of normal human gingival fibroblasts. J. Immunol., 165: 6538-6544.
57. Shimizu, T., Kida, Y., Kuwano, K., 2004. Lipid-associated membrane proteins of Mycoplasma fermentans and M. penetrans activate human immunodeficiency virus long-terminal repeats through Toll-like receptors. Immunology, 113 (1):121-129. [doi:10.1111/ j.1365-2567.2004.01937.x]
58. Shimizu, T., Kida, Y., Kuwano, K., 2005. A dipalmitoylated lipoprotein from Mycoplasma pneumoniae activates NF-kappaB through TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6. J. Immunol., 175 (7):4641-4646.
59. Shimizu, T., Kida, Y., Kuwano, K., 2007. Triacylated lipoproteins derived from Mycoplasma pneumoniae activate nuclear factor-kappaB through Toll-like receptors 1 and 2. Immunology, 121 (4):473-483. [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02594.x]
60. Shimizu, T., Kida, Y., Kuwano, K., 2008a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae -derived lipopeptides induce acute inflammatory responses in the lungs of mice. Infect. Immun., 76 (1):270-277. [doi:10.1128/IAI.00955-07]
61. Shimizu, T., Kida, Y., Kuwano, K., 2008b. Ureaplasma parvum lipoproteins, including MB antigen, activate NF-κB through TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6. Microbiology, 154 (5):1318-1325. [doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/ 016212-0]
62. Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., Akira, S., 2003. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 21 (1):335-376. [doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126]
63. Takeuchi, O., Kaufmann, A., Grote, K., Kawai, T., Hoshino, K., Morr, M., Mühlradt, P.F., Akira, S., 2000. Cutting edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a Toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. J. Immunol., 164 (2):554-557.
64. Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Mühlradt, P.F., Morr, M., Radolf, J.D., Zychlinsky, A., Takeda, K., Akira, S., 2001. Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6. Int. Immunol., 13 (7):933-940. [doi:10.1093/intimm/13.7.933]
65. Tosatto, S.C., 2005. The victor/FRST function for model quality estimation. J. Comput. Biol., 12 (10):1316-1327. [doi:10.1089/ cmb.2005.12.1316]
66. Triantafilou, M., Gamper, F.G., Haston, R.M., Mouratis, M.A., Morath, S., Hartung, T., Triantafilou, K., 2006. Membrane sorting of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/6 and TLR2/1 heterodimers at the cell surface determines heterotypic associations with CD36 and intracellular targeting. J. Biol. Chem., 281 (41):31002-31011. [doi:10.1074/ jbc.M602794200]
67. Underhill, D.M., Ozinsky, A., Hajjar, A.M., Stevens, A., Wilson, C.B., Bassetti, M., Aderem, A., 1999. The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens. Nature, 401 (6755):811-815. [doi:10.1038/44605]
68. Wang, C., Deng, L., Hong, M., Akkaraju, G.R., Inoue, J., Chen, Z.J., 2001. TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK. Nature, 412 (6844):346-351. [doi:10.1038/35085597]
69. Wesche, H., Henzel, W.J., Shillinglaw, W., Li, S., Cao, Z., 1997. MyD88: an adapter that recruits IRAK to the IL-1 receptor complex. Immunity, 7 (6):837-847. [doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80402-1]
70. West, A.P., Koblansky, A.A., Ghosh, S., 2006. Recognition and signaling by Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 22 (1):409-437. [doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122 303.115827]
71. Yamamoto, M., Sato, S., Hemmi, H., Hoshino, K., Kaisho, T., Sanjo, H., Takeuchi, O., Sugiyama, M., Okabe, M., Takeda, K., et al., 2003. Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Science, 301 (5633):640-643. [doi:10.1126/science.1087262]
72. You, X.X., Zeng, Y.H., Wu, Y.M., 2006. Interactions between mycoplasma lipid-associated membrane proteins and the host cells. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, 7 (5):342-350. [doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.B0342]
73. Zhang, D., Zhang, G., Hayden, M.S., Greenblatt, M.B., Bussey, C., Flavell, R.A., Ghosh, S., 2004. A Toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria. Science, 303 (5663):1522-1526. [doi:10.1126/science.1094351]