Umm al binni structure, Southern Iraq, as a postulated late holocene meteorite impact crater

Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 89-103

  Master, S ^a   Woldai, T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 58549092153     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-32711-0_4     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

1. Adams RM (1958) Survey of ancient water courses and settlements in central Iraq. Sumer 14(1-2):101-103
2. Adams RM, Nissen HJ (1972) The Uruk countryside: the natural setting of urban societies. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London
3. th Int. Conf. Geology Arab World, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt, February 2004, p 20
4. Ainsworth W (1838) Researches in Assyria, Babylonia, and Chaldea. John W. Parker, London
5. Al Ghunaim AY, Ghunemi Z E DA, Abd al Razzaq F H A, Al Mayyal AY, Al Aryan JY, Moati YA (1994) Iraq navigational outlets. Centre for Research and Studies on Kuwait, Almansoria, Kuwait
6. Al Naqib KM (1967) Geology of the Arabian Peninsula: Southwestern Iraq. U. S. G. S. Prof. Paper, 560-G, p. G7
7. Arrian (Flavius Arrianus) (1983) Anabasis Alexandri, Books V-VII (with an English translation by P. A. Brunt). Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
8. a Sesión, Ciudad de México, pp 231-246
9. Bahroudi A, Talbot CJ (2003) The configuration of the basement beneath the Zagros Basin. J Petrol Geology 26(3):257-282
10. Beke CT (1834) On the former extent of the Persian Gulf and on the comparatively recent Union of the Tigris and Euphrates. London and Edinburgh Phil. Mag. and J. Sci., Ser. 3, IV, 107-112
11. Beke CT (1835) On the historical evidence of the advance of the land upon the sea at the head of the Persian Gulf. London and Edinburgh Phil Mag and J Sci, Ser. 3, VI, 401-408
12. Berry RW, Brophy GP, Naqash A (1970) Mineralogy of the suspended sediment in the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt-al-Arab rivers of Iraq and the Recent history of the Mesopotamian plain. J Sedim Petrol 40:131-139
13. Beydoun ZR, Hughes-Clarke MW, Stoneley R (1992). Petroleum in the Zagros Basin: A Late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic passive-margin shelf. In: Macqueen RW, Leckie DA (eds) Foreland basins and fold belts. AAPG Memoir 55, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, pp 309-339
14. Brookings Institution (2003) The Iraqi Marshlands: can they be saved? Assessing the human and ecological damage. Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C., USA, http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/comm/events/2 0030507.pdf
15. Buday T, Kassab I I M, Jassim SZ (1980) The regional geology of Iraq, vol 1: Stratigraphy and paleogeography. State Organisation for Minerals, Baghdad
16. Civil M (1969) The Sumerian flood story. In: Lambert WG, Millard AR, Atra-Hasis (eds) The Babylonian story of the flood. Clarendon Press, Oxford
17. Courty M-A (1998) Causes and effects of the 2350 BC Middle East anomaly evidenced by micro-debris fallout, surface combustion and soil explosion. In: Peiser BJ, Palmer T, Bailey ME (eds) Natural catastrophes during Bronze Age civilisations: archaeological, geological, astronomical and cultural Perspectives. British Archaeol Reports S728, Archaeopress, Oxford
18. Dance SP, Eames FE (1966) New molluscs from the Recent Hammar Formation of south-east Iraq. Proc Malacological Soc 37:35-53
19. de Morgan J (1900) La délégation en Perse, Mémoires I, Leroux, Paris, pp 4-48
20. Eames FE, Wilkins GL (1957) Six new molluscan species from the alluvium of Lake Hamar, near Basrah, Iraq. Proc Malacological Soc 32 (5) 1198-203
21. Edgell HS (1996) Salt tectonics in the Persian Gulf basin. In: Alsop GL, Blundell DL, Davison I (eds) Salt tectonics. Spec Publ Geol Soc London 100:129-151
22. French BM (1998) Traces of catastrophe: a handbook of shock-metamorphic effects in terrestrial meteorite impact structures. LPI Contribution No. 954, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
23. George AR (2003) The Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: introduction, critical edition and cuneiform text, 2 volumes. Oxford University Press
24. Hansman JF (1978) The Mesopotamian delta in the first millenium BC. Geogr J 14:49-61
25. Harris SA, Adams RM (1957) A note on canal and marsh stratigraphy near Zubediyah. Sumer 13(102):157-162
26. Hassan HA, Al-Kubaisi QY (2002) Pliocene groundwater evolution of the Dibdiba aquifers, Iraq. In: Youssef E-SAA (ed) Agenda and Abstr. 6th Int. Conf. Geology Arab World, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, February 2002, p. 67
27. Herodotus (1972) The histories (translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt). Revised, with an Introduction by A. R. Burn. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth
28. Hudson R G S, Eames FE, Wilkins GL (1957) The fauna of some Recent marine deposits near Basra, Iraq. Geol Mag 94(5):393-401
29. Ionides MG (1954) The geographical history of the Mesopotamian Plains. Geogr J 120(3):394-395
30. Jacobsen L (2003) Scientists hope to restore historic Iraqi marshlands. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 4 May, 2003
31. Kerr RA (1998) Sea-floor dust shows drought felled Akkadian Empire. Science 279:325-326
32. Komatsu G, Olsen JW, Baker VR (1999) Field observation of a possible impact structure (Tsenkher structure) in southern Mongolia. Lunar Planet Sci XXX, Abstr. No. 1041, LPI, Houston, Texas, USA (CD-ROM)
33. Lambert WG, Millard AR (1969) Atra-Hasîs: The Babylonian story of the flood. Clarendon Press, Oxford
34. Larsen CE (1975) The Mesopotamian delta region: a reconsideration of Lees and Falcon. J Amer Oriental Soc 95:43-57
35. Larsen CE, Evans G (1978) The Holocene geological history of the Tigris-Euphrates-Karun delta. In: Brice WC (ed) The environmental history of the Near and Middle East since the last Ice Age. Academic Press, London, pp 227-244
36. Lawler A (2005) Reviving Iraq's wetlands. Science 307:1186-1189
37. Lees GM (1955) Recent Earth movements in the Middle East. Geol Rund 43:221-226
38. Lees GM Falcon NL (1952) The geographical history of the Mesopotamian Plains. Geogr J 118:24-39
39. Le Strange G (1905) The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Oxford University Press, Cambridge, pp 26-27
40. Loftus WK (1855) On the Geology of portions of the Turko-Persian Frontier, and of the districts adjoining. Quart J Geol Soc London 11:247-344
41. Lubick N (2003) Iraq's marshes renewed. Geotimes, October 2003, pp 25-27
42. Lyon I (2001) The importance of peer review. Meteor Planet Sci 36(12):1569
43. Macfayden WA (1938) Water supplies in Iraq. Iraq Geol. Dept., Publ. No. 1, Baghdad
44. Macfayden WA, Vita-Finzi C (1978) Mesopotamia: the Tigris-Euphrates delta and its Holocene Hammar fauna. Geol Mag 115:287-300.
45. Martin G (2003) A dream of restoring Iraq's great marshes - wetlands destroyed by Hussein could thrive again. San Francisco Chronicle, 7 April 2003
46. Master S (2001) A possible Holocene impact structure in the Al 'Amarah Marshes, near the Tigris-Euphrates confluence, southern Iraq. Meteor Planet Sci 36(9), Suppl., p. A 124
47. Master S (2002) Umm al Binni lake, a possible Holocene impact structure in the marshes of southern Iraq: geological evidence for its age, and implications for Bronze-age Mesopotamia. In: Leroy S, Stewart IS (eds) Environmental catastrophes and recovery in the Holocene, Abstr. Vol., Dept Geogr., Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, West London, U. K., 29 August - 2 September 2002, pp 56-57. http://atlasconferences.com/cgi-bin/abstract/caiq-15
48. Melosh HJ (1989) Impact cratering: a geologic process. Oxford University Press, New York
49. Merriam R, Holwerda JG (1957) Al Umchaimin, a crater of possible meteoritic origin in western Iraq. Geogr J 123:231-233
50. Mitchell RC (1957) Recent tectonic movements in the Mesopotamian Plains. Geogr J 123(4):569-571
51. Mitchell RC (1958a) Recent marine deposits near Basrah. Geol Mag 95 (1) 184-85
52. Mitchell RC (1958b) Instability of the Mesopotamian Plains. Bull Soc Géogr Egypte 3:127-139
53. Mitchell RC (1958c) The Al Umchaimin crater, western Iraq. Geogr J 124:578-580
54. Munro DC, Touron H (1997) The estimation of marshland degradation in southern Iraq using multitemporal Landsat TM images. Int J Remote Sensing 18(7):1597-16o6
55. Naff T, Hanna G (2002) The Marshes of Southern Iraq: a hydro-engineering and political profile. In: Nicholson E, Clark P (eds) The Iraqi Marshlands: a human and environmental study. The Amar International Charitable Foundation, AMAR Publications, London
56. Nelson HS (1962) An abandoned irrigation system in Southern Iraq. Sumer 18:67-72
57. Nicholson E, Clark P (2002) The Iraqi Marshlands: a human and environmental study. The Amar International Charitable Foundation, AMAR Publications, London
58. North A (1993a) New evidence shows marshlands draining away. The Middle East London 227:22-23
59. North A (1993b) Saddam's water war. Geogr Mag, July 1993, pp 10-14
60. Ormo J, Shuvalov V, Lindstrom M (2001) A model for target water depth estimation at marine impact craters. Meteor Planet Sci 36(9), Suppl., p. A154
61. Partow H (2001a) The Mesopotamian Marshlands: demise of an ecosystem. Early Warning and Assessment Technical Report, UNEP/DEWA/TR.01.2. Rev. 1. UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya. www.grid.unep. ch/activities/sustainable/tigris/marshland
62. Partow H (2001b) Landsat witnesses the destruction of Mesopotamian ecosystem. NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Scientific Visualization Studio. http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002200/a002210/Mesopotamia-v2.html
63. Pearce F (1993) Draining life from Iraq's marshes. New Scientist 1869:11-12
64. Pearce F (2001) Iraqi wetlands face total destruction. New Scientist 2291:4-5
65. Philip G (1968) Mineralogy of Recent sediments of Tigris and Euphrates rivers and some of the older detrital deposits. J Sediment Petrol 38:35-44
66. Pilkington M, Grieve RA (1992) The geophysical signature of terrestrial craters. Rev Geophysics 30:161-181
67. Richardson CJ, Reiss P, Hussain NA, Alwash AJ, Pool DJ (2005) The restoration potential of the Mesopotamian marshes of Iraq. Science 307:1307-1311
68. Roux G (1960) Recently discovered sites in the Hammar Lake District. Sumer 16:20-31
69. Russel JC (1956) Historical aspects of soil salinity in Iraq. Majallatu-'Zzira'ati'l-Iraqiyan, Ministry of Agriculture Iraq, XI (2-3), pp 204-215
70. Sandars NK (1960) The Epic of Gilgamesh. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth
71. Shoemaker EM (1983) Asteroid and comet bombardment of the Earth. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 11:461-494
72. Smith G (1872) Early history of Babylonia. Trans Bibl Archaeol Soc 1:55-62
73. Smith G (1876) The Chaldean account of Genesis. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London
74. Smith S (1954) The geographical history of the Mesopotamian Plains. Geogr J 120(3):395-396
75. Speiser EA (1958). The Epic of Gilgamesh. In: Pritchard JB (ed) The ancient Near East, vol I: An anthology of text and pictures. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 40-75
76. Sultan M, Becker R, Al-Dousari A, Al-Ghadban AN, Bufano E (2003) Water, agriculture and land cover: lessons for the post-war era. Geotimes, October 2003, pp 22-24
77. Thesiger W (1964) The Marsh Arabs. Longmans, Green, London
78. Underwood JR (1994) Al Umchaimin depression, western Iraq: an impact structure? In: Dressler BO, Grieve RAF, Sharpton VL (eds) Large meteorite impacts and planetary evolution. GSA Spec Paper 293:259-263
79. Voûte C (1957) A prehistoric find near Razzaza (Karbala Liwa). Sumer 13:135-148
80. Wagstaff JM (1985) The evolution of Middle Eastern landscapes: an outline to AD 1840. Croom Helm, London and Sydney
81. Weiss H, Courty M-A, Wetterstrom W, Guichard F, Senior L, Meadow R, Curnow A (1993) The genesis and collapse of Third Millenium North Mesopotamian civilization. Science 261:995-1004
82. Wong AM, Reid AM, Hall SA, Sharpton VL (2001) Reconstruction of the subsurface structure of the Marquez impact crater in Leon County, Texas, USA, based on well-log and gravity data. Meteor Planet Sci 36:1443-1455
83. Wood M (1993) Saddam drains the life of the Marsh Arabs. The Independent, Saturday 28 August 1993
84. Young G (1977) Return to the marshes: life with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq. Collins, London