High-resolution broadband (>100 cm-1) infrared heterodyne spectro-radiometry using an external cavity quantum cascade laser

Optics Express

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 248-259

  Weidmann, Damien ^a   Wysocki, Gerard ^b  

^a RUTHERFORD APPLETON LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^b Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; HETERODYNING; RADIOMETRY; SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS; SHOT NOISE; VARIABLE FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS;

BROADBAND ABSORBERS; BROADBAND FREQUENCY; CENTRAL FREQUENCY; CONCENTRATION RETRIEVAL; CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY; LOCAL OSCILLATORS; SPECTRO-RADIOMETERS; TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY;

QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS;

ARTICLE; DIODE LASER; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; INFRARED RADIATION; INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; INSTRUMENTATION; LASER; LIGHT RELATED PHENOMENA; METHODOLOGY; OSCILLOMETRY; PHOTOMETRY; QUANTUM THEORY; RADIOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY;

EQUIPMENT DESIGN; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; INFRARED RAYS; LASERS; LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR; OPTICAL PHENOMENA; OSCILLOMETRY; PHOTOMETRY; QUANTUM THEORY; RADIOMETRY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, INFRARED; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

EID: 58449094611     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.000248     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. R.T. Menzies, "Laser heterodyne detection, techniques," in Laser monitoring of the atmosphere, Springer-Verlag Topics in Appl. Phys. 14, ed E. D. Hinkley, 297 (1976).
2. A. Betz, E. C. Sutton, and R. A. McLaren, "Infrared Heterodyne Spectroscopy in Astronomy," in Laser Spectroscopy III, Springer Series in Optical Sciences 7, eds J. L. Hall and J. L. Carlsten, 31 (1977).
3. R. T. Menzies and M. S. Shumate, "Air Pollution: Remote Detection of Several. Pollutant Gases with a Laser Heterodyne Radiometer," Science 184, 570-572 (1.974).
4. J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, "Quantum Cascade Laser," Science 264, 553-556 (1994).
5. Y. Bai, S. R. Darvish, S. Slivken, W. Zhang, A. Evans, J. Nguyen, and M. Razeghi,"Room temperature continuous wave operation, of quantum cascade lasers with watt-level optical power," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 101105 (2008).
6. L. Zhijun, D. Wasserman, S. S. Howard, A. J. Hoffman, C. F. Gmachl, W. Xiaojun, T. Tanbun-Ek, C. Liwei, and C. Fow-Sen,"Room-temperature continuous-wave quantum, cascade lasers grown by MOCVD without lateral regrowth," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 12, 1347-1349 (2006).
7. G. Sonnabend, D. Wirtz, and R. Schieder, "Evaluation, of quantum-cascade lasers as local oscillators for infrared heterodyne spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 44, 7170-7172 (2005).
8. D. Weidmann, W. J. Reburn, and K. M. Smith, "Ground-based prototype quantum cascade laser heterodyne radiometer for atmospheric studies," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 073107 (2007).
9. A. Wittmann, T. Gresch, E. Gini, L. Hvozdara, N. Hoyler, M. Giovannini, and J. Faist, "High-Performance Bound-to-Continuum Quantum-Cascade Lasers for Broad-Gain. Applications," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 44, 36-40 (2008).
10. G. Wysocki, R. Lewicki, R. F. Curl, F. K. Tittel, L. Diehl, F. Capasso, M. Troccoli, G. Hofler, D. Bour, S. Corzine, R. Maulini, M. Giovannini, and J. Faist, "Widely tunable mode-hop free external cavity quantum cascade lasers for high resolution spectroscopy and chemical, sensing," Appl. Phys. B 92, 305-311 (2008).
11. A. Mohan, A Wittmann, A. Hugi, S. Blaser, M. Giovannini, and J. Faist, "Room-temperature continuouswave operation of an external-cavity quantum cascade laser," Opt Lett. 32, 2792-2794 (2007).
12. R. Lewicki, G. Wysocki, A. A. Kosterev, and F. K. Tittel, "QEPAS based detection of broadband absorbing molecules using a widely tunable, cw quantum cascade laser at 8.4 μm," Opt. Express 15, 7357-7366 (2007).
13. M. C. Phillips and N. Ho,"Infrared hyperspectral imaging using a broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser and microbolometer focal plane array," Opt. Express 16, 1836-1845 (2008).
14. D. Stupar, J. Krieg, P. Krötz, G. Sonnabend, M. Sornig, T. F. Giesen, and R. Schleder,"Fully reflective external-cavity setup for quantum-cascade lasers as a local oscillator in mid-infrared wavelength heterodyne spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 47, 2993-2997 (2008).
15. D. Weidmann, K. Smith, and B. Ellison, "Experimental investigation of high-frequency noise and optical feedback effects using a 9.7 μm continuous-wave distributed-feedback quantum, cascade laser," Appl. Opt. 46, 947-953 (2007).
16. C. Rodgers, "Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding: theory and practice," World Scientific (2000).
17. S. W. Sharpe, T. J. Johnson, R. L. Sams, P. M. Chu, G. C. Rhoderick, and P. A. Johnson, "Gas-Phase Databases for Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy," Appl. Spectrosc. 58, 1452-1461 (2004).
18. L. S. Rothman, D. Jacquemart, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, M. Birk, L. R. Brown, M. R. Carleer, C. Chackerian, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, J.- M. Hartmann, K. W. Jucks, A. G. Maki, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, J. Orphal, A. Perrin, C. P. Rinsland, M. A. H. Smith, J. Tennyson, R. N. Tolchenov, R. A. Toth, J. Vander Auwera, P. Varanasi, and G. Wagner, "The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 96, 139-204 (2005).
19. D. Weidmann, W. J. Rebum, and K. M. Smith, "Retrieval of atmospheric ozone profiles from an infrared quantum cascade laser heterodyne radiometer: results and analysis," Appl. Opt. 46, 7162-7171 (2007).
20. G. Wysocki, R. F. Curl, F. K. Tittel, R. Maulini, J. M. Bulliard, and J. Faist, "Widely tunable mode-hop free external cavity quantum cascade laser for high resolution spectroscopic applications," Appl. Phys. B 81, 769-777 (2005).