Palaeoceanographic information derived from acoustic surveys of glaciated continental margins: Examples from eastern Canada

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 111, Issue , 1996, Pages 51-76

  Syvitski, James P M ^a,b   Lewis, C F Michael ^b   Piper, David J W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 5844413124     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.111.01.05     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. ALLEY, R. B. 1991. Sedimentary processes may cause fluctuations of tidewater glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 15, 119-124.
2. AMOS, C. L. 1978. The post glacial evolution of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia: a sedimentological interpretation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 48, 965-982.
3. _ & KNOLL, R. 1987. The Quaternary sediments of Banquerau, Scotian Shelf. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 99, 244-260.
4. _ & LONG, B. F. N. 1980. The sedimentary character of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. In: McMANN, S. B. (ed.) Coastline of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 80-10, 153-180.
5. ANDREWS, J. T. & SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1994. Sediment fluxes along high-latitude glaciated continental margins: Northeast Canada and Eastern Greenland. In: Material Fluxes on the Surface of the Earth. Studies in Geophysics, National Academy Press, Washington, 99-115.
6. _, JENNINGS, A. E., MACLEAN, B., MUDIE, P. J., PRAEG, D., VILKS, G. & HEIN, F. J. 1991. The surficial geology of the Canadian eastern Arctic and Polar continental shelves. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 791-819.
7. _, MILLIMAN, J. D., JENNINGS, A. E., RYNES, N. & DWYER, J. 1994. Sediment thicknesses and Holocene glacial marine sedimentation rates in three east Greenland fjords (ca. 68° N). Journal of Geology, 102, 669-683.
8. BARNES, N. E. & PIPER, D. J. W. 1978. Late Quaternary geological history of Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15, 586-593.
9. BARRIE, C. Q. & PIPER, D. J. W. 1982. Late Quaternary Marine Geology of Makkovik Bay, Labrador. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 81-17.
10. BARRIE, J. V. 1980. Iceberg-seabed interaction (Northern Labrador Sea). In: Proceedings of the Conference on Use of Icebergs: Scientific and Practical Feasibility, Cambridge, 1-3 April 1980. Annals of Glaciology, 1, 71-76.
11. _, LEWIS, C. F. M., PARROTT, D. R. & COLLINS, W. T. 1992. Submersible observations of an iceberg pit and scour on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Geo-Marine Letters, 12, 1-6.
12. BELDERSON, R. H. & WILSON, J. B. 1973. Iceberg plough marks in the vicinity of the Norwegian Trough. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 53, 323-328.
13. _, KENYON, N. H. & WILSON, J. B. 1973. Iceberg plough marks in the northeast Atlantic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 13, 215-224.
14. BERKSON, J. M. & CLAY, C. S. 1973. Microphysiography and possible iceberg grooves on the floor of western Lake Superior. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84, 1315-1328.
15. BONIFAY, D. & PIPER, D. J. W. 1988. Late Wisconsinan ice margin on the upper continental slope off St. Pierre Bank, Eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 853-865.
16. BOYD, R., SCOTT, D. B. & DOUMA, M. 1988. Glacial tunnel valleys and the Quaternary history of the Scotian Shelf. Nature, 333, 61-64.
17. BRETT, C.P. & ZARUDSKI, E. F. K. 1979. Project Westmar: a Shallow Marine Geophysical Survey on the West Greenland Continental Shelf. Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse Report. 87, 27.
18. D'APOLLONIA, S. J. & LEWIS, C. F. M. 1980. Iceberg Scour Data Maps for the Grand Banks of Newfoundland Between 46° and 48° N. Geological Survey of Canada Open File Report, 819, 13.
19. DOMACK., E. W., Foss, D. J. P., SYUITSKI, J. P. & McCLENNEN, C. E. 1994. Transport of suspended particulate matter in an Antartic fjord. Marine Geology, 121, 161-170.
20. DOWDESWELL, J. A., WHITTINGTON, R. J. & MARIENFIELD, P. 1994. The origin of massive diamicton facies by iceberg rafting and scouring, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland. Sedimentology, 41, 21-35.
21. DYKE, A. S. & PREST, V. K. 1987. Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. In: FULTON, R. & ANDREWS, J. T. (eds) The Laurentide Ice Sheet. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, 41, 237-264.
22. EL-TAHAN, M., EL-TAHAN, H., COURAGE, D. & MITTEN, R. 1985. Documentation of Iceberg Groundings. Environmental Studies Revolving Funds Report, 07, 162.
23. FADER, G. B. & KING, L. H. 1981. A reconnaissance of the surficial geology of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. In: Current Research, Part A. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 81-1 A, 45-56.
24. FORBES, D. L. 1984. Coastal Geomorphology and Sediments of Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 84-1B, 11-24.
25. _ & SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1995. Paraglacial coasts. In: CARTER, R. W. G. & WOODROFFE, C. D. (ed.) Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 373-424.
26. _ & TAYLOR, R. B. 1987. Coarse-grained beach sedimentation under paraglacial conditions, Canadian Atlantic coast. In: FITZGERALD, D. M. & ROSEN, P. S. (eds) Glaciated Coast. Academic Press, San Diego, 51-86.
27. _, BOYD, R. & SHAW, J. 1991. Late Quaternary sedimentation and sea level changes on the inner Scotian Shelf. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 1155-1179.
28. GIPP, M. R. 1993. The orientation of buried iceberg scours and other phenomena. Marine Geology, 114, 263-272.
29. _1994. Late Wisconsinan deglacation of Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 554-566.
30. _ & PIPER, D. J. W. 1990. Chronology of Late Wisconsinan glaciation, Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 26, 333-335.
31. GOSSON, C. M. C. 1985. Canada glaciers. In: The National Atlas of Canada, 5th edn (map 1:7500 000). Geographical Services Division, Surveys and Mapping Branch, Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada.
32. GRAY, J., LAURIOL, B., BRUNEAU, D. & RICARD, J. 1993. Postglacial emergence of Ungava Peninsula, and its relationship to glacial history. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 1676-1696.
33. GUSTAJTIS, K. S. 1979. Iceberg Scouring on the Labrador Shelf, Saglek Bank. Memorial University of Newfoundland, Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering (C-CORE), Technical Report, Publication, 79-13, 43.
34. HARRIS, I. M. 1975. Iceberg marks on the Labrador Shelf. In: PELLETIER, B. R. (ed.) Offshore Geology of Eastern Canada. Vol. 2. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 74-30, 97-101.
35. _ & JOLLYMORE, P. G. 1974. Iceberg furrow marks on the continental shelf northeast of Belle Isle, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 11, 43-52.
36. HEIN, F. J., SYVITSKI, J. P. M., DREDGE, L. A. & LONG, B. F. 1993. Quaternary sedimentation and marine placers along the North Shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 553-574.
37. HODGSON, G. J., LEVER, J. H., WOODWORTH-LYNAS, C. M. T. & LEWIS, C. F. M. (eds) 1988. The Dynamics of Iceberg Grounding and Scouring (DIGS) Experiment and Repetitive Mapping of the Eastern Canadian Continental Shelf. Environmental Studies Research Funds, Report, 094, 316.
38. JOSENHANS, H. W. & FADER, G. B. J. 1989. A comparison of models of glacial sedimentation along the eastern Canadian margin. Marine Geology, 85, 273-300.
39. _, ZEVENHUIZEN, J. & KLASSEN, R. A. 1986. The Quaternary geology of the Labrador Shelf. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23, 1190-1213.
40. KING, E. L. & GILLESPIE, R. T. 1986. Regional iceberg scour distribution and variability on the eastern Canadian continental shelf. In: LEWIS, C. F. M., PARROTT, D. R., SIMPKIN, P. G. & BUCKLEY, J. (eds) Ice Scour and Seabed Engineering. Environmental Revolving Funds Report, 049, 172-181.
41. KING, L. H. 1976. Relict iceberg furrows on the Laurentian Channel and western Grand Banks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 1082-1092.
42. KONTOPOULOS, N. & PIPER, D. J. W. 1982. Stormgraded sand at 200m water depth, Scotian Shelf, eastern Canada. Geo-Marine Letters, 2, 77-81.
43. LEVER, J. H., BASS, D. W., LEWIS, C. F. M., KLEIN, K., DIEMAND, C. E. & DYKE, M. 1991. Iceberg/ seabed interaction events observed during the DIGS experiment. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 113, 74-87.
44. LEWIS, C. F. M. & ANDERSON, T. W. 1989. Oscillations of levels and cool phases of the Laurentian Great Lakes caused by inflows from the glacial lakes Agassiz and Barlow-Ojib. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2, 99-146.
45. _ & BARRIE, J. V. 1981. Geological evidence of iceberg groundings and related seafloor processes in the Hibernia Discovery area of Grand Bank, Newfoundland. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Production and Transportation Systems for the Hibernia Discovery. Newfoundland Petroleum Directorate, Government of Newfoundland & Labrador, St. John's, 825-846.
46. _ & WOODWORTH-LYNAS, C. M. T. 1990. Ice scour. In: KEEN, M. J. & WILLIAMS, G. L. (eds) Geology of the Continental Margin of Eastern Canada. Geology of Canada, 2. Geological Survey of Canada (also Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, I-1), 785-793.
47. _, BLASCO, S. M., BORNHOLD, B. D., HUNTER, J. A. M., JUDGE, A. S., KERR, J. W., MCLAREN, P. G. & PELLETIER, B. R. 1977. Marine geological and geophysical activities in Lancaster Sound and adjacent fiords. In: Report of Activities, Part A, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 77-1A, 495-506.
48. _, MACLEAN, B. & FALCONER, R. K. H. 1980. Iceberg scour abundance in Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, a reconnaissance of regional variability. 1980. In: EDEN, W. J. (ed.) Proceedings, First Canadian Conference on Marine Geotechnical Engineering. The Canadian Geotechnical Society, 79-94.
49. _, MOORE, T. C., JR., REA, D. K., DETTMAN, D. L., SMITH, A. M. & MAYER, L. A. Lakes of the Huron basin: their record of runoff from the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, in press.
50. _, PARROTT, D. R., D'APOLLONIA, S. J., GASKILL, H. S. & BARRIE, J. V. 1988. Methods of estimating rates of iceberg scouring for the Grand banks of Newfoundland. In: SACKINGER, W. M. & JEFFRIES, M. O. (eds) Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions. Vol. III. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 229-254.
51. LIEN, R. L. 1983a. Polyemerker etter isfjell pa norsk kontinentalsokkel (Iceberg scouring on the Norwegian continental shelf). Institutt for Kontinentalsokkelundersokelser Pubikasjon, 109, 147.
52. _ 1983b. Iceberg scouring on the Norwegian continental shelf. In: Proceedings, Fifteenth Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 2-5 May 1983, Houston, TX, USA, Vol. 2, 41-48.
53. LONCAREVIC, B. D., COURTNEY, R. C., FADER, G. B. J., GILES, P. S., PIPER, D. J. W., COSTELLO, G., HUGHES CLARKE, J. E. & STEA, R. R. 1994. Sonography of a glaciated continental shelf. Geologv, 22, 747-750.
54. _, PIPER, D. J. W. & FADER, G. B. 1992. Applications of high-quality bathymetry to geological interpretation of the Scotian Shelf. Geoscience Canada, 19, 5-12.
55. MACLEAN, B., VILKS, G. & DEONARINE, B. 1992. Depositional environments and history of Late Quaternary sediments in Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay: further evidence from seismic and biostratigraphic data. Geographie physique et Quaternaire. 42, 311-329.
56. MCLAREN, S. A. 1988. Quaternary Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Sable Island Sand Body, Sable Island Bank, Outer Scotian Shelf. Dalhousie University Centre for Manne Geology, Technical Report, 11,.
57. MARKHAM, W. E. 1980. Ice Atlas, Eastern Canadian Seaboard. Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, Toronto.
58. _1981. Ice Atlas, Canadian Arctic Waterways. Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, Toronto.
59. MONAHAN, D. & MACNAB, R. F. 1975. Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the northeastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland morphology. In: PELLETIER, B. R. (ed.) Offshore Geology of Eastern Canada. Vol. 2. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 74-30, 207-216.
60. MOORE, T. C. JR., REA, D. K., MAYER, L. A., LEWIS, C. F. M. & DOBSON, D. M. 1994. Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Huron-Georgian Bay and post-glacial lake level history. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 1606-1617.
61. MULDER, T. & MORAN, K. 1995. Relationship among submarine instabilities, sea level variations, and the presence of an ice sheet on the continental shelf: an example from the Verrill Canyon Area, Scotian Shelf. Paleoceanography, 10, 137-154.
62. PARROTT, D. R., LEWIS, C. F. M., BANKE, E., FADER, G. B. J. & SONNICHSEN, G. V. 1990. Seabed disturbance by a recent (1989) iceberg grounding on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, in: Current Research, Part B. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 90-1B, 43-48.
63. PELLETIER, B. R. 1971. Side scan sonar surveys and ice scouring in the Beaufort Sea. In: Proceedings of the Canadian Ice Seminar on icebergs. Canadian Forces Base Halifax, Halifax, 48-49.
64. _ & SHEARER, J. M. 1972. Sea bottom scouring in the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Geological Congress, Section 8. Montreal, Quebec, 251-265.
65. PIPER, D. J. W. 1988. Glaciomarine sediments on the continental slope off eastern Canada. Geoscience Canada, 15, 23-28.
66. _ & FEHR, S. D. 1991. Radiocarbon chronology of the late Quaternary sections on the inner and middle Scotian Shelf, south of Nova Scotia. In: Current Research, Part E. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 91-1E, 321-325.
67. _, LETSON, J. R. J., DE IURE, A. M. & BARRIE, C. Q. 1983. Sediment accumulation in low-sedimentation, wave-dominated, glaciated inlets. Sedimentary Geology, 36, 195-215.
68. _, MUDIE, P. J., FADER, G. B., JOSENHANS, H. W., MACLEAN, B. & VILKS, G. 1990. Quaternary Geology. In: KEEN, M. J. & WILLIAMS, G. L. (eds) Geology of the Continental Margin of Eastern Canada. Geology of Canada. 2, 477-607.
69. POWELL, R. D. 1990. Glacimarine processes at grounding-line fans and their growth to ice-contact deltas. In: DOWDESWELL, J. A. & SCORSE, J. D. (eds) Glacimarine Environments: Processes and Sediments. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53, 53-73.
70. PRAEG, D. B., D'ANGLEJAN, B. & SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1992. Seismostratigraphy of the middle St. Lawrence Estuary: a Late Quaternary glacial marine to estuarine depositional/erosional record. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 46, 133 150.
71. _, MACLEAN, B. HARDY, I. A. & MUDIE, P. J. 1986. Quaternary Geology of the Southeast Baffin Island Commental Shelf, N.W.T. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 85-14, 59-62.
72. _, MACLEAN, B., PIPER, D. J. W. & SHOR, A. N. 1987. Study of iceberg scours across the continental shelf and slope off southeast Baffin Island using the SEAMARC I midrange sidescan sonar. In: Current Research, Part A. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 87-1A, 847-857.
73. REA, D. K., MOORE, T. C., JR., LEWIS, C. F. M., MAYER, L. A., DETTMAN, D. L., SMITH, A. M. & DOBSON, D. M. 1994. Stratigraphy and paleolimnologic record of lower Holocene sediments in northern Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 1586-1605.
74. REEH, N. 1989. Dynamics and climatic history of the Greenland Ice Sheet. In: FULTON, R. J. (ed.) Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland, Geology of Canada, 1 (also Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, K-1), 795-822.
75. REIMNITZ, E., BARNES, P. W., FORGATSCH, T. & RODEICK, C. 1972. Influence of grounding ice on the arctic shelf of Alaska. Marine Geology, 13, 323-324.
76. ROBE, R. Q. 1980. Iceberg drift and deterioration. In: COLBECK, S. C. (ed.) Dynamics of Snow and Ice Masses. Academic Press, Toronto, 211- 259.
77. _1982. Iceberg Drift Near Greenland - 1980 to 1982. United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center, Groton, Connecticut, Report, CG-D-36-82.
78. RODRIGUES, C. G., CEMAN, J. A. & VILKS, G. 1993. Late Quaternary paleoceanography of deep and intermediate water masses off Gaspé Peninsula, Gulf of St. Lawrence: foraminiferal evidence. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 1390-1403.
79. Ross, W. C., HALLIWELL, B. A., MAY, J. E., WATTS, D. E. & SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1994. Slope readjustment: a new model for the development of submarine fans and aprons. Geology, 22, 511-514.
80. 14 yr B.P. Marine Geology, 117, 135-154.
81. _, FADER, G. B. J. & BOYD, R. 1992. Quaternary Seismic Stratigraphy of the Inner Shelf Region, Eastern Shore, Nova Scotia. Gelogical Survey of Canada, Paper, 92-1D, 179-188.
82. STEWART, F. S. & STOKER, M. S. 1991. Problems associated with seismic facies analysis of diamicton-dominated, shelf glacigenic sequences. Geo-Marine Letters, 10, 151-156.
83. STOKER, M. S. & LONG, D. 1984. A relict-scoured erosion surface in the central North Sea. Marine Geology, 61, 85-93.
84. STRAVERS, J. A. & SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1991. Early Holocene land-sea correlations and deglacial evolution of the Cambridge Fiord basin, northern Baffin Island. Quaternary Research, 35, 72-90.
85. SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1989. On the deposition of sediment within glacier-influenced fjords: oceanographic controls. Marine Geology, 85, 301-330.
86. _1991. Towards an understanding of sediment deposition on glaciated continental shelves. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 897-937.
87. _1992. Marine geology of Baie Des Chaleurs. Geographie et Quaternaire, 46, 331-348.
88. _1993. Glaciomarine environments in Canada: an overview. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 354-371.
89. _1994. Glacial sedimentation processes. Terra Antartica, 1, 251-253.
90. _ & PRAEG, D. B. 1989. Quaternary sedimentation in the St. Lawrence and adjoining areas, Eastern Canada: an overview based on high-resolution seismo-stratigraphy. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 43, 291-310.
91. _, ANDREWS, J. T. & DOWDESWELL, J. A. Sediment deposition in an iceberg-dominated glacimarine environment, East Greenland: basin fill implications. Global & Planetary Change, in press.
92. _, BURRELL, D. C. & SKEI, J. M. 1987. Fjords: Processes and Products. Springer Verlag, New York.
93. _, HINDS, S. J. & BURNS, J. A. 1993. Marine Geology of Lake Melville (Labrador). Geological Survey of Canada Open File, Report, 2759, 34 sheets.
94. TODD, B. J. 1984. Iceberg scouring on Saglek Bank, northern Labrador Shelf. MSc Thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax.
95. _, LEWIS, C. F. M. & RYALL, P. J. C. 1988. Comparison of trends of iceberg scour marks with iceberg trajectories and evidence of paleocurrent trends on Saglek Bank, northern Labrador Shelf. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 1374-1383.
96. VILKS, G. & MUDIE, P. J. 1983. Evidence for postglacial paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes in Lake Melville, Labrador, Canada. Arctic & Alpine Research, 15, 307-320.
97. _, DEONARINE, B. & WINTERS, G. 1987. Late Quaternary Marine Geology of Lake Melville, Labrador. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 87-22.
98. WILLIAMS, K. M., SHORT, S. K., ANDREWS, J. T., JENNINGS, A. E., MODE, W. N. & SYVITSKI, J. P. M. 1995. The Eastern Canadian Arctic at 6 KA: a time of transition. Geographie physique et Quaternaire, 49, 13-27.
99. WOODWORTH-LYNAS, C. M. T., JOSENHANS, H. W., BARRIE, J. V., LEWIS, C. F. M. & PARROTT, D. R. 1991. The physical processes of sea-bed disturbance during iceberg grounding and scouring. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 939-961.
100. _, C. M. T., SIMMS, A. & RENDELL, C. M. 1985. Iceberg grounding and scouring on the Labrador continental shelf. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 10, 163-186.