E. H. carr, winston churchill, Reinhold niebuhr, and us: The case for principled, prudential, democratic realism

Security Studies

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 314-353

  Kaufman, Robert G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 5844392515     PISSN: 09636412     EISSN: 15561852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09636419508429270     Document Type: Article

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5. Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis.
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8. Morgenthau, PoKtics among Nations 17.
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11. Ibid., 82–112.
12. Ibid., 137.
13. Ibid., 145–68.
14. Ibid., 101.
15. Ibid., 215.
16. Ibid., 118.
17. Ibid., 96.
18. Ibid., 28,101.
19. Ibid.,186 196–98.
20. Ibid., 199–205.
21. Ibid., 214-45,265–84.
22. Ibid., 123–245.
23. Kaufman, “A Two-Level Interaction,” 678–87.
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44. Ibid., 5717–21.
45. Ibid., vol. 6, 5596.
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50. Churchill, “The Flame of Christian Ethics,” 12 May 1948, “Collective Security,” 24 September 1936 in Rhodes, Churchill, vol. 7., 7643–35; vol. 6., 5788–90.
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52. Winston S. Churchill, companion vol. 5, pt. 2, 1929–1935 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981), 859–60 (Hereafter cited as Gilbert, Companion Volume, with appropriate number, year, and pages).
53. Winston S. Churchill, ed. Randolph Churchill (London: Cassell, 1950), 144.
54. Ibid., “A Congress of Europe—A Speech at the Hague,” 7 May 1948, 318–89.
55. Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis (New York: Scribner’s, 1923–29), vol. 5, 466–89.
56. Churchill, The Gathering Storm, 7–14.
57. Ibid., 10.
58. Manchester, Winston Spencer Churchill: Visions of Glory, 679–80.
59. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume 4, pt. 1, January 1917-June 1919, 610–16.
60. Manchester, Winston Spencer Churchill: Vision of Glory, 676–77.
61. Churchill, The Gathering Storm, 13-14,17–18.
62. Ibid., 16.
63. George F. Kennan, Memoirs: 1925–1950 (Boston: Little Brown, 1951), 338.
64. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill Companion Volume 5, pt. 1, 1922—1929, 338–41, 1337–39.
65. Winston Churchill, “The MacDonald Disarmament Plan,” in Winston Churchill, While England Slept: A Survey of World Affairs, 1932—1938 (New York: Putnam, 1938), 47–56.
66. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill. The Prophet of Truth, 1922–1939, 485–95.
67. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill’ Prophet of Truth, 549–1062.
68. Churchill, The Gathering Storm, 346–47.
69. Ibid., 359–89.
70. Ibid., 207–24.
71. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill Companion Volume 5, pt. 1, 1922—1929,338-41,1337-39.
72. Winston Churchill, “The MacDonald Disarmament Plan,” in Winston Churchill, While England Slept: A Survey of World Affairs, 1932—1938 (New York: Putnam, 1938), 47–56.
73. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill. The Prophet of Truth, 1922–1939, 485–95.
74. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill’ Prophet of Truth, 549–1062.
75. Churchill, The Gathering Storm, 346–47.
76. Ibid., 359–89.
77. Ibid., 207–24.
78. Larry Fuscher, Neville Chamberlain and Appeasement: A Study in the Politics of History (New York: Norton, 1982).
79. Robert Beck, “Munich’s Lessons Reconsidered,” International Security vol. 14., no. 2 (fall 1990): 161–91.
80. Churchill, The Gathering Storm, 346–47.
81. Kimball, The Churchill-Roosevelt Correspondence, vol. 1, 458–504; vol. 2, 48–116, 479–547; vol. 3, 192–236, 436–48.
82. Paul Johnson, The History of the Jews (New York: Harper & Row, 1987), 504–5, 521.
83. Rhodes, Churchill, vol. 7., 7372–29, 7421–28, 7758–71.
84. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Chur chill: Never Despair, 123–59.
85. Churchill, “The Sinews of Peace,” 5 March 1946, in Rhodes, Churchill, vol. 7., 7285–92.
86. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill: Never Despair, 123–629.
87. Rhodes, churchill. vol. 7, 6755–65, 7318–23, 7483–38, 7640–45, 7841–44.
88. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill-Never Despair, 661.
89. Rhodes, Churchill, vol. 7, 6755–65, 7318–23, 7483–38, 7640–45, 7841–44.
90. Ibid., vol. 6, 7483–88, 7581–90, 7648–89; vol. 8., 8418–89, 8538–44, 8674–47.
91. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill: Never Despair, 437–95.
92. Ibid., 580-81,591–92.
93. For the details, see again Ben-Moshe, Churchill: Strategy and History.
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95. Niebuhr, Man’s Nature and His Communities (New York: Scribner’s, 1965), 18–19.
96. Charles W. Kegley Jr., ed., Reinbold Niebuhr: His Religious, Social and Political Thought (New York: Macmillan, 1961)
97. Reinhold Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation, vol. 1, Human Nature, vol. 2, Human Destiny (New York: Scribner’s, 1946).
98. Reinhold Niebuhr, Christian Realism and Political Problems (New York: Scribner’s, 1953), 119–46.
99. Reinhold Niebuhr, Man’s Nature and His Communities, 39.
100. The Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 1,208–19.
101. Reinhold Niebuhr, The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness: A Vindication of Democracy and a Critique of Its Traditional Defense (New York: Scribner’s, 1944), 39–41, 153–90; Niebuhr, Christian Realism and Political Problems, 15–32.
102. Niebuhr, Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 1., 16-18,241-300; vol.2, 244–86.
103. Niebuhr, Children of Light, 176.
104. Ibid., 177–78.
105. Reinhold Niebuhr, Christianity and Pover Politics (New York: Scribner’s, 1940), 104.
106. Niebuhr, Children of Light, 175.
107. Reinhold Niebuhr, Moral Man and Immoral Society (New York: Scribner’s, 1932); Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 1,208.
108. Niebuhr, Man’s Nature and His Communities, 22.
109. Niebuhr, The Irony of American History, especially 17-42; The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness, 1-41,153-90.
110. Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man, vo. 2, 68, 284–86.
111. Niebuhr, Christian Realism and Political Problems, 72–73.
112. Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 1, 219.
113. Niebuhr, Christianity and Power Politics, 84–85.
114. Niebuhr, The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness, xi-xii.
115. Niebuhr, Man’s Nature and His Political Communities, 66.
116. Niebuhr, Christian Realism and Political Problems, 33–34
117. Niebuhr, Christianity and Power Politics.
118. Fox, Niebuhr, 224–48.
119. Niebuhr, Christian Realism and Political Problems, 70.
120. Niebuhr, The Irony of American History, 147–49.
121. Robert C. Good, ‘The National Interest and Political Realism,” Journal of Politics 22, no. 4 (November 1960): 597–620.
122. George F. Kennan, Realities of American Foreign Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954), 47;
123. David Mayer, George Kennan and the Dilemmas of U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, Norton 1985), 15-25
124. Kennan, Realities of American Foreign Policy, 49;
125. Niebuhr, The Irony of American History, 40.
126. Hans J. Morgenthau, Scientific Man vs. Power Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946), 179–87.
127. Morgenthau, Scientific Man vs. Power Politics, 202–3.
128. Ibid., 191–201.
129. Morgenthau, Politics among Nations, 61, 68, 191-96; Smith, Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger, 159–64.
130. Greg Russell, Hans J. Morgenthau and the Ethics of Statecraft (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990), 169–70.
131. Hans J. Morgenthau, In Defense of the National Interest, 33–39.
132. Niebuhr, Man’s Nature and His Communities, 65.
133. Ibid., 76–77.
134. Niebuhr, The Structure of Nations and Empires, 199; Fox, Niebuhr,, 224–48.
135. Russell, Hans J. Morgenthau and the Ethics of American Statecraft, 118.
136. Morgenthau, In Defense of the National Interest, 25–33,
137. Eugene V. Rostow, Toward Managed Peace: The National Security Interests of the United States, 1759 to the Present (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993).
138. Kissinger, Diplomacy, 703–803.
139. Ibid., 29-55,804–35.
140. History of the Peloponnesian War (London: Penguin Books, 1972);
141. Immanuel Kant, On History (New York: MacMillan, 1985);
142. Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 2,287–321.
143. Joshua Muravchik, Exporting Democracy (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute Press, 1991).
144. Weigel, “The Sensibility of Reinhold Niebuhr,” 88–89.
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146. Kaufman, “A Two-Level Interaction,” 678–717.
147. Walt, “Alliances, Threats, and U.S. Grand Strategy,” 448–482.
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