Near‐equatorial magnetospheric particles from ∼1 eV to ∼1 MeV

Reviews of Geophysics

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1983, Pages 402-418

  Young, D T ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

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Indexed keywords

EID: 5844329408     PISSN: 87551209     EISSN: 19449208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/RG021i002p00402     Document Type: Review

References (276)

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3. + at mid‐latitudes ‐ II. Sunspot maximum results
4. Strong electron pitch angle diffusion observed at geostationary orbit
5. High‐energy magnetospheric protons and their dependence on geomagnetic and interplanetary conditions
6. E
7. Near‐equatorial, high‐resolution measurements of electron precipitation at L = 6.6
8. Global properties of the magnetosphere during a substorm growth phase: A case study
9. Multiple spacecraft and correlated riometer study of magnetospheric substorm phenomena
10. Observation and modeling of energetic particles at synchronous orbit on July 29, 1977
11. The onset and location of substorm reconnection in the magnetotail: The possible role of ionospheric oxygen
12. On the composition of the ring current and the plasmasheet and what it tells about the sources of these hot plasmas
13. Magnetic storm injection of 0.9 to 16 keV/e solar and terrestrial ions into the high‐altitude magnetosphere
14. The composition of thermal and hot ions observed by the GEOS‐1 and 2 spacecraft
15. What magnetospheric workers should know about solar wind composition
16. Dynamical behavior of thermal protons in the mid‐latitude ionosphere and magnetosphere
17. Initial thermal plasma observations from ISEE 1
18. Timing of energetic proton enhancements relative to magnetospheric substorm activity and its implication for substorm theories
19. pe
20. The effect of injection location on the spectrum of energetic magnetospheric particles
21. Theory of flux anisotropies in a guiding center plasma
22. Measurements of heavy ions in the low‐altitude regions of the outer zone
23. Heavy ion measurements in the synchronous altitude region
24. High‐altitude plasma instrument for Dynamics Explorer‐A
25. A study of the outer limits of ducted whistler propagation in the magnetosphere
26. On what ionospheric workers should know about the plasmapause‐plasmasphere
27. A comparison of equatorial electron densities measured by whistlers and by a satellite radio technique
28. A study of whistlers correlated with bursts of electron precipitation near L = 2
29. Plasmaspheric helium ion distribution from satellite observations of He II 304‐A
30. Recent satellite measurements of the morphology and dynamics of the plasmasphere
31. Detached plasma regions in the magnetosphere
32. Cold plasma distribution above a few thousand kilometers at high latitudes
33. Initial observations of thermal plasma composition and energetics from Dynamics Explorer 1
34. New advances in thermal plasma research
35. The retarding ion mass spectrometer on Dynamics Explorer‐A
36. Pitch angle variations in magnetospheric thermal plasma‐‐Initial observations from Dynamics Explorer 1
37. The discovery of nitrogen ions in the earth's magnetosphere
38. An equilibrium model of plasmasphere composition and density
39. Some general characteristics of upflowing ion beams over the auroral zone and their relationship to auroral electrons
40. Low energy ion pitch angle distributions observed on the dayside at geosynchronous orbit
41. Use of the thin sheath approximation for obtaining ion temperatures from the ISEE‐1 limited aperature RPA
42. Physics of heavy ions in the magnetosphere
43. Variability of plasma sheet dynamics
44. Plasma populations in a simple open model magnetosphere
45. Electromagnetic kinetic instabilities in multicomponent space plasmas; Theoretical predictions and computer simulation experiments
46. Electrostatic and electromagnetic gyroharmonic emissions due to energetic electrons in magnetospheric plasmas
47. Gyroharmonic emissions induced by energetic ions in the equatorial plasmasphere
48. Trapped electron distribution on open magnetic field lines
49. Observations pertaining to the dynamics of the plasma sheet
50. Multiexperiment determination of plasma density and temperature
51. Global characteristics of the cold plasma in the equatorial plasmapause region as deduced from the GEOS 1 mutual impedance probe
52. Plasma clouds in the magnetosphere
53. Energetic particle penetrations into the inner magnetosphere
54. A study of magnetospheric dynamics during auroral electrojet events by observations of energetic electron intensity changes at synchronous orbit
55. Particle flux decrease‐increase events at synchronous orbit and the temporal sequence of aurora during substorms
56. Precipitating electrons associated with the diffuse aurora: Evidence for electrons of atmospheric origin in the plasma sheet
57. Simultaneous measurements of magnetotail dynamics by IMP spacecraft
58. Low‐energy ion pitch angle distributions in the outer magnetosphere: Ion zipper distributions
59. Plasma and electric field boundaries at high and low altitudes on July 29, 1977
60. Plasmapause signatures in the ionosphere and magnetosphere
61. Pc 1‐2 magnetic pulsation spectra and heavy ion effects at synchronous orbit: ATS 6 results
62. Observation of flow of low‐energy ions at synchronous altitudes and implications for magnetospheric convection
63. Initial observations of geomagnetically trapped alpha particles at the equator
64. Simultaneous quiet time observations of energetic radiation belt protons and helium ions: The equatorial α/p ratio near 1 MeV
65. Steady‐state observations of geomagnetically trapped energetic heavy ions and their implications for theory
66. Pitch angle distributions of geomagnetically trapped MeV helium ions during quiet times
67. Review of quantitative models of the 0‐ to 100‐ keV near‐earth plasma
68. The charging of spacecraft surfaces
69. An analytical simulation of the geosynchronous plasma environment
70. Time evolution of ion contaminant clouds at geosynchronous orbit
71. Comparison between 30‐ to 80‐keV electron channels on ATS‐6 and 1976‐059A during conjunction and application to spacecraft charging prediction
72. A statistical analysis of the low‐energy geosynchronous plasma environment ‐ I. Electrons
73. A statistical analysis of the low‐energy geosynchronous plasma environment ‐ II. Ions
74. Dynamics of magnetospheric ion composition as observed by the GEOS mass spectrometer
75. ++ in the ionosphere and plasmasphere
76. Some aspects of ULF waves observed onboard GEOS related to convection, heating and precipitation processes
77. Kinetic energy density and diamagnetic effects during plasma injection events
78. General relationships between wave amplification and particle diffusion in a magnetoplasma
79. Energization of helium ions by proton‐induced hydromagnetic waves
80. Correction
81. The latitudinal, diurnal and altitudinal distributions of upward flowing energetic ions of ionospheric origin
82. Downward flowing ions and evidence for injection of ionospheric ions into the plasma sheet
83. Nighttime observations of 0.2‐ to 26‐keV electrons in the South Atlantic anomaly made by Atmospheric Explorer C
84. + ions on the proton cyclotron electromagnetic instability
85. The distribution of ion beams and conics below 8000 km
86. Particle pitch angle diffusion due to nonadiabatic effects in the plasma sheet
87. On the use of electron data to infer the structure of parallel electric fields
88. Correction to ‘Plasma injection and diamagnetism’
89. Plasma injection and diamagnetism
90. Thermal and suprathermal plasma densities in the outer magnetosphere
91. Quantitative simulation of a magnetospheric substorm, 2. Comparison with observations
92. Development of a fast ion mass spectrometer for space research
93. Statistical characteristics of plasma flow in the magnetotail
94. Pitch angle distributions of > 80 keV electrons at geostationary altitudes
95. The global Pc5 event of November 14‐15, 1979
96. Origin of the plasma sheet
97. Direct evaluation of the radial diffusion coefficient near L=6 due to electric field fluctuations
98. Magnetotail plasma flow during substorms: A survey with IMP6 and IMP8 satellites
99. Conical distributions of low‐energy ion fluxes at synchronous orbit
100. ++ in the magnetosphere
101. The ionosphere as a source for magnetospheric ions
102. Observations of warm plasma in the dayside plasma trough at geosynchronous orbit
103. Pancake pitch angle distributions in warm ions observed with ISEE‐1
104. ISEE‐1 observations of thermal plasma in the vicinity of the plasmasphere during periods of quieting magnetic activity
105. Conical pitch angle distributions of very low‐energy ion fluxes observed by ISEE‐1
106. Observations of low‐energy plasma composition from the ISEE‐1 and SCATHA satellites
107. On the relationship of the plasmapause to the equatorward boundry of the auroral oval and to the inner edge of the plasma sheet
108. Spatial distribution of Z > 2 ions in the outer radiation belt during quiet conditions
109. The hot ion component of the magnetospheric plasma and some relations to the electron component ‐ observations and physical implications
110. Magnetospheric hot plasma measurements in relation to wave‐particle interactions on high‐altitude magnetic field lines
111. Recent progress in the understanding of the ion composition in the magnetosphere and some major question marks
112. Decrease of keV electron and ion fluxes in the dayside magnetosphere during the early phase of magnetospheric disturbances
113. Studies of the sharply defined L dependent energy threshold for isotropy at the midnight trapping boundary
114. Measurements of inner zone electron precipitation
115. Reply
116. Observations of multiple, narrow peaks in electrons precipitating from the inner radiation belts and their implications for wave‐particle interactions
117. High‐resolution spectral features observed in the inner radiation belt trapped electron population
118. The significance of VLF transmitters in the precipation of inner belt electrons
119. Coordinated measurements of slot region electron precipitation by plasmaspheric wave bands
120. Particle precipitation induced by short‐duration VLF waves in the magnetosphere
121. Simultaneous observations of energetic electrons and dawnside chorus in geosynchronous orbit
122. Comment on ‘Charge exchange and wave‐particle interaction in the proton ring current’ by J. Solomon and O. Picon
123. Energetic ion composition in the Earth's magnetosphere
124. Hot plasma composition results from the SCATHA spacecraft
125. Helium cyclotron harmonic waves in the magnetospheric plasma
126. Time dependent convection electric fields and plasma injection
127. Observations of Pcl‐2 waves in the outer magnetosphere
128. Evolution of ion cyclotron instability in the plasma convection system of the magnetosphere
129. The influence of geomagnetic activity on the radial variation of the magnetospheric electric field between L=4 and 10
130. + bursts in the equatorial magnetosphere
131. + and the azimuthal wave electric field as inferred from a large‐scale dayside pulsation
132. Ion composition of zipper events
133. Simultaneous observations of energetic (keV) upstreaming and electrostatic hydrogen cyclotron waves
134. Detailed study on acceleration and propagation of energetic protons and electrons in the magnetotail during substorm activity
135. July 29, 1977 magnetospheric studies: Impulsive waves, global dynamics and geomagnetic indices
136. The physics of plasma injection events
137. Transversely accelerated ions: An ionospheric source of hot magnetospheric ions
138. Observations near the magnetopause at the onset of the July 29, 1977 sudden storm commencement
139. Substorm signatures at synchronous altitude
140. Time‐averaged fluxes of heavy ions at the geostationary orbit
141. Precipitation of inner zone electrons by whistler mode waves from the VLF transmitters UMS and NWC
142. Influence of electric fields on charged particle motion and electron fluxes at synchronous altitude
143. + pecipitation
144. Energetic particle bursts in the earth's magnetotail
145. Observations of a free‐energy source for intense electrostatic waves
146. Particle diffusion in the geomagnetosphere: Comparison of estimates from measurements of magnetic and electric field components
147. Hydromagnetic wave observations in the vicinity of a magnetospheric density gradient
148. Comparisons of inferred total plasmasphere content with measured plasma density profiles
149. Diffusion of monoenergetic photoelectron fluxes in the plasmasphere
150. On the consequences of the interaction between the auroral plasma and the geomagnetic field
151. Low‐energy plasma observations at synchronous orbit
152. Some initial ISEE‐1 results on the ring current composition and dynamics during the magnetic sorm of December 11, 1977
153. Ion composition and energy distribution during 10 magnetic storms
154. A comparison of the near equatorial ion composition between quiet and disturbed conditions
155. Temperature characteristics of electron beams and ambient particles
156. Modulation of energetic particle fluxes by a mixed mode of transverse and compressional waves
157. Solar and terrestrial noble gases in magnetospheric precipitation
158. + ions
159. Earthward transport of energetic protons in the Earth's plasma sheet
160. Several features of the earthward and tailward streaming of energetic protons (0.29‐0.5 MeV) in the Earth's plasma sheet
161. Observations of the ring current composition at L<4
162. Composition of hot magnetospheric plasma as observed with the Prognoz 7 satellite
163. Plasma processes in the Earth's radiation belts
164. The inconsistency between proton charge exchange and the observed ring current decay
165. A source for the geomagnetic storm main phase ring current
166. Effects of charge exchange on the distribution of ionospheric ions trapped in the radiation belts near synchronous orbit
167. Observations of the mean ionization states of energetic particles in the vicinity of the Earth's magnetosphere
168. Electromagnetic wave energization of heavy ions by the electric “phase bunching” process
169. Helium resonance and dispersion effects on geostationary Alfvén/ion cyclotron waves
170. ATS‐6 UCSD auroral particles experiment
171. An experimental test of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability within the earth's magnetosphere
172. Helium cyclotron resonance within the Earth's magnetosphere
173. Plasma convections in the vicinity of the geosynchronous orbit
174. Electron precipitation of evening diffuse aurora and its conjugate electron fluxes near the magnetospheric equator
175. Spatial distribution of energetic particles in the distant magnetotail
176. Permanent magnetic trapping
177. Observations of a nonthermal ion layer at the plasma sheet boundary during substorm recovery
178. Modulation of terrestrial ion escape flux composition (by low‐altitude acceleration and charge exchange chemistry)
179. The dawn polar cap boundary at high altitude
180. Propagating substorm injection fronts
181. Plasma pitch angle distributions near the substorm injection front
182. Helium ions in the mid‐latitude plasmasphere
183. Equatorially trapped plasma populations
184. Field‐aligned ion streams in the Earth's midnight region
185. The hidden ion population of the magnetosphere
186. Stochastic acceleration of large M/Q ions by hydrogen cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere
187. Observations of plasma injection
188. Solar cycle induced modulation of the 55‐MeV proton fluxes at low altitudes
189. Long‐term intensity decrease in the 8‐ to 25‐MeV proton fluxes at low L values
190. H+ from GEOS 1 and 2 measurements and their relationships with proton ring distributions
191. Energetic ion composition of the plasma sheet
192. Possible detection of energetic Jovian heavy ions at Skylab orbit
193. Bouncing ion clusters in the Earth's magnetosphere
194. Composition measurements of warm equatorially trapped ions near geosynchronous orbit
195. Ray tracing of ULF waves in : multicomponent magnetospheric plasma: Consequences for the generation mechanism of ion cyclotron waves
196. Polar and auroral phenomena: A review of U.S. progress during 1979–1982
197. Quantitative simulation of a magnetospheric substorm: 2. Comparison with observations
198. Observations of field‐aligned ion and electron beams from SCATHA (P78‐2)
199. + ions
200. Observation of the plasma boundary layer at lunar distances: Direct injection of plasma into the plasma sheet
201. Relationship between energetic particles and plasmas in the distant plasma sheet
202. Magnetotail dynamics excited by the streaming tearing mode
203. Dynamics of plasma, energetic particles, and fields near synchronous orbit in the nighttime sector during magnetospheric substorms
204. Low‐altitude measurements of precipitating protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions during the geomagnetic storm of March 26‐27, 1976
205. Leakage of magnetospheric ions into the magnetosheath along reconnected field lines at the dayside magnetopause
206. Energetic‐particle populations and cosmic‐ray entry
207. Earth's radiation belts
208. Principles of magnetospheric ion composition
209. Thermalization of colliding ion streams beyond the plasmapause
210. Electron distribution functions associated with electrostatic emissions in the dayside magnetosphere
211. E altitude range
212. Ion streams in the magnetotail
213. The origins of plasma in the distant plasma sheet
214. Hot plasma composition results from the ISEE‐1 spacecraft
215. Heavy ions in the magnetosphere
216. The energetic ion composition spectrometer (EICS) for the Dynamics Explorer‐A
217. The polar ionosphere as a source of energetic magnetospheric plasma
218. Initial hot plasma composition results from the dynamics explorer
219. Plasma and field signatures of poleward propagating auroral precipitation observed at the foot of the GEOS 2 field line
220. Satellite observations of the spatial extent and structure of Pc 3, 4, 5 pulsations near the magnetospheric equator
221. Low‐energy ion distribution functions on a magnetically quiet day at geostationary altitude (L=7)
222. Sheath effects on current collection by particle detectors with narrow acceptance angles
223. A quasi‐self‐consistent axially symmetric model for the growth of a ring current through earthward motion from a pre‐storm configuration
224. Longitudinal variations of plasmapause radius and the propagation of VLF noise within small (Δ˜0.5) extensions of the plasmasphere
225. Inference of the ring current ion composition by means of charge exchange decay
226. Charge exchange and wave‐particle interaction in the proton ring current
227. Reply
228. Drift boundary approximations in simple magnetospheric convection models
229. Charged particle behavior in low‐frequency geomagnetic pulsations: 1. Transverse waves
230. Magnetospherically trapped ions as a source of magnetosheath energetic ions
231. Transport, charge exchange and loss of energetic heavy ions in the Earth's radiation belts: Applicability and limitations of theory
232. Discovery of ions with nuclear charge Z>9 stably trapped in the Earth's radiation belts
233. Observations of energetic helium ions in the Earth's radiation belts during a sequence of geomagnetic storms
234. Energetic heavy ions with nuclear charge Zgt;4 in the equatorial radiation belts of the Earth: Magnetic storms
235. Observations of ions with nuclear charge Z>9 in the inner magnetosphere
236. Experimental determination of trapped energetic heavy ion fluxes
237. On energy dependent modulation of the ULF ion flux oscillations observed at small pitch angles
238. Observations of ULF oscillations in the ion fluxes at small pitch angles with ATS‐6
239. Preserved signatures of ion flux modulations observed by ATS 6
240. The kinetic equation of the field‐aligned particle flux distribution function
241. On the origin of plasmaspheric hiss: The importance of wave propagation and the plasmapause
242. Evidence that the recovery phase ring current consists of helium ions
243. Energetic neutral atom precipitation during magnetic storms: Optical emission, ionization, and energy deposition at low and middle latitudes
244. Energetic oxygen: A direct coupling mechanism between the magnetosphere and thermosphere
245. + ions
246. Time structure of postmidnight energetic electron precipitation and the limit of stable trapping
247. Chorus, energetic electrons and magnetospheric substorms
248. Heating of ions to superthermal energies in the topside ionosphere by electrostatic ion cyclotron waves
249. VLF transmission induced slot electon precipitation
250. Induced precipitation of inner zone electrons 1. Observations
251. Comments on ‘The energy selective precipitation of inner zone electrons’ by W. L. Imhof, J. B. Reagan, and E. E. Gaines
252. Particle dynamics in the plasma sheet
253. The signatures of the various regions of the outer magnetosphere in the pitch angle distributions of energetic particles
254. The dynamics of energetic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt during 1968 as observed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's spectrometer on OGO 5
255. On the energy dependence of the radial diffusion coefficient and spectra of inner radiation belt particles: Analytic solutions and comparison with numerical results
256. Potentials of surfaces in space
257. The SSC on July 29, 1977 and its propagation within the magnetosphere
258. Experimental techniques for ion composition measurements in space
259. Magnetopause characteristics inferred from three‐dimensional energetic particle distributions
260. Ring current composition and sources
261. Magnetopause characteristics at 0840‐1040 hours local time
262. Phase space variations of near equatorially mirroring ring current ions
263. Ring current composition and sources: An update
264. Energetic ion beams at the edge of the plasma sheet: ISEE 1 observations plus a simple explanatory model
265. An energetic particle perspective of the magnetopause
266. ISEE‐1 charged particle observations indicative of open magnetospheric field lines near the subsolar region
267. Stable “pancake” distributions of low energy electrons in the plasma trough
268. Ion composition measurements in magnetospheric modeling
269. 2+ ions of terrestrial origin in the outer magnetosphere
270. +‐rich plasma
271. + in the magnetosphere due to solar cycle effects
272. Correlations of magnetospheric ion composition with geomagnetic and solar activity
273. + ions in the plasmasphere
274. A computer simulation of the midlatitude plasmasphere and ionosphere
275. Coincident particle observations from AE‐C and ATS‐6 during the October 28, 1977 geomagnetic storm