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85033834318
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note
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One reaction of this type is the hydroamination of alkenes and alkynes. For leading references see the following nine citations:
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3
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33845280868
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and references therein
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Catalysis with a low valent arylamido complex has been reported, although turnover numbers are not high: Casalnuovo, A. L.; Calabrese, J. C.; Milstein, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6738-6744 and references therein.
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85033837795
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The two following references report aryl halide amination methods methods without tin reagents.
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Guram, A. S.; Rennels, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1348-1350.
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3743119954
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A recent review of these data is the following: Brown, J. M.; Cooley, N. A. Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1031.
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36
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85033853160
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note
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1H NMR spectra were different from the amine complex, ruling out formation of 3 by an amine impurity in the tin amide.
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37
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0003518480
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Segel, I.H.1
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38
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85033839194
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Buchwald and Guram reported a 2:1 selectivity for formation of N,N-dimethylanilines over N,N-diethylanilines as a competition study. Their reactions were run in the presence of 1.4 equiv of both the diethyl- and dimethylamido tin reagents per equivalent of aryl bromide. In order to obtain the accurate value that our comparison requires, a constant concentration of the two tin amides must be ensured. With the 10-fold excess of each tin amide in our experiments, a 3:1 selectivity was observed.
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85033852007
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note
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A variety of biaryls are formed under these conditions, presumably by exchange of palladium- and phosphorus-bound aryl groups similar to that in the following four leading references.
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Imine hydrogenation catalyzed by rhodium and iridium complexes would be expected to occur through an amide complex. However, mechanistic data is scarce. A direct observation of imine insertion that produces an amide complex potentially similar to those in catalytic systems is the following: Fryzuk, M. D.; Piers, W. E. Organometallics 1990, 9, 986-98.
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