Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents: At presentation and during long-term follow-up

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 94, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 33-37

  De Vries, L ^a,b   Bulvik, S ^a,b   Phillip, M ^a,b  

^a SCHNEIDER CHILDREN S MEDICAL CENTER OF ISRAEL   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEVOTHYROXINE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; CHILD; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FREE THYROXINE INDEX; GOITER; GROUPS BY AGE; GROWTH; HASHIMOTO DISEASE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT REFERRAL; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBERTY; SCHOOL CHILD; THYROID GLAND; ULTRASOUND;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; BODY HEIGHT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHRONIC DISEASE; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GOITER; GROWTH; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INFANT; MALE; OBESITY; PUBERTY; SEX DISTRIBUTION; THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; THYROXINE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58349121847     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2007.134841     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Bachrach LK, Foley TP Jr. Thyroiditis in children. Pediatrics Rev 1989; 11:184-9.
2. Rivkees SA, Bode HH, Crawford JD. Long-term growth in juvenile acquired hypothyroidism: the failure to achieve normal adult stature. N Engl J Med 1988: 318:599-602.
3. Kiess W, Galler A, Reich A, et al. Clinical aspects of obesity in childhood and adolescence. Obes Rev 2001; 2:29-36.
4. Ryan GL, Feng X, Brasil d'Alva C, et al. Evaluating the roles of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor polymorphisms in gonadal hyperstimulation associated with severe juvenile primary hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2312-17.
5. Rallison ML, Dobyns BM, Keating R, et al. Occurrence and natural history of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in childhood. J Pediatr 1975; 86:672-82.
6. Rallison ML, Dobyns BM, Meikle AW, et al. Natural history of thyroid abnormalities: prevalence, incidence, and regression of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents and young adults. Am J Med 1991; 91:363-70.
7. Jaruratansirikul S, Leethanaporn K, Khuntigij P, et al. The clinical course of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children and adolescents: 6 years longitudinal follow-up. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:177-84.
8. Jakŝić J, Dumić M, Filipović B, et al. Thyroid disease in a school population with thyromegaly. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70:103-6.
9. Mänepää J, Raatikka M, Räsänen J, et al. Natural course of juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis. J Pediatr 1985; 107:898-904.
10. Gruneiro de Papendieck L, lorcansky S, Rivarola MA, et al. Variation in clinical, hormonal and serological expression of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) in children and adolescents. Clin Endocrinol 1982; 16:19-28.
11. Moore D. Natural course of 'subclinical' hypothyroidism in childhood and adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996; 150:293-7.
12. Sklar CA, Qazi R, David R. Juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis. Hormonal status at presentation and after long-term follow-up. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140:877-80.
13. Svensson J, Ericsson UB, Nilsson P, et al. Levothyroxine treatment reduces thyroid size in children and adolescents with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1729-34.
14. Perez C, Scrimshaw NS, Munoz J. Technique of endemic goitre surveys. Monogr Ser World Health Organ 1960; 44:369-83.
15. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM. CDC growth charts: United States advanced data from vital and health statistics. NCHS Advance Data Report No 314. Hyatsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000:1-27.
16. Rosner B, Prineas R, Loggie J, et al. Percentiles for body mass index in US children 5 to 17 years of age. J Pediatr 1998; 132:211-22.
17. Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child 1969; 44:291-303.
18. Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in patterns of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child 1970; 45:13-23.
19. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of the skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2nd edn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959.
20. Rabbins and Cotran. Pathology basis of disease. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2005.
21. Ivarsson SA, Ericsson UB, Nilsson KO, et al. Thyroid autoantibodies, Turner's syndrome and growth hormone therapy. Acta Paediatr 1995; 84:63-5.
22. Ivarsson SA, Ericsson VB, Gustaffson J, et al. The impact of thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Acta Pediatr 1997; 86:1065-7.
23. Larizza D, Calcaterra V, De Giacomo C, et al. Celiac disease in children with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Pediatr 2001: 139:738-40.
24. Marwaha RK, Sen S, Tandon N, et al. Familial aggregation of autoimmune thyroiditis in first-degree relatives of patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid 2003; 13:297-300.
25. Holl RW, Böhm B, Loos U, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Horm Res 1999; 52:113-18.
26. Ozcelik T, Uz E, Akyerli CB, et al. Evidence from autoimmune thyroiditis of skewed X- chromosome inactivation in female predisposition to autoimmunity. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14:791-7.
27. Ansar Ahmad S, Young PR, Penhale WJ. The effect of female sex-steroids on the development of autoimmune throiditis in thymectomized and irradiated rats. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 54:351-8.
28. Segni M, Wood J, Pucarelli I, et al. Clustering of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children and adolescents: a study of 66 families. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:1271-5.
29. Alos N, Huot C, Lambert R, et al. Thyroid scintigraphy in children and adolescents with Hahsimoto disease. J Pediatr 1995; 127:951-3.
30. Lissau I, Overpeck MD, Ruan WJ, et al. Body mass index and overweight in adolescents in 13 European countries, Israel, and the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158:27-33.
31. Padberg S, Heller K, Usadel KH, et al. One-year prophylactic treatment of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with levothyroxine: is there a benefit? Thyroid 2001; 11:249-55.
32. Radetti G, Gottardi E, Bona G, et al. Study Group for Thyroid Disease of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes. The natural history of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroditis in children. J Pediatr 2006; 149:827-32.
33. Rodoni N, Aujesky D, Vittinghoff E, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2006; 119:541-51.
34. Monzani F, Caraccio N, Siciliano G, et al. Clinical and biochemical features of muscle dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:3315-18.
35. Arem R, Esclante DA, Arem N, et al. Effect of L-thyroxine therapy on lipoprotein fractions in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, with special reference to lipoprotein(a). Metabolism 1995; 44:1559-63.
36. Centanni M, Cesareo R, Verallo O, et al. Reversible increase of intraocular pressure in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Eur J Endocrinol 1997; 136:595-8.
37. Cetinkaya E, Asian A, Vidinlisan S, et al. Height improvement by L-thyroxine treatment in subclinical hypothyroidism. Pediatr Int 2003; 45:534-7.