Environmental and genetic cues in the evolution of phenotypic polymorphism

Evolutionary Ecology

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 125-135

  Leimar, Olof ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Bet hedging; Genetic polymorphism; Information; Phenotype determination; Phenotypic plasticity; Varied environments

Indexed keywords

DIVERGENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POLYMORPHISM;

EID: 58349107335     PISSN: 02697653     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10682-007-9194-4     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. HC Bagheri 2006 Unresolved boundaries of evolutionary theory and the question of how inheritance systems evolve: 75 years of debate on the evolution of dominance J Exp Zool 306B 329 359
2. C Braendle GK Davis JA Brisson DL Stern 2006 Wing dimorphism in aphids Heredity 97 192 199
3. MC Caillaud M Boutin C Braendle JC Simon 2002 A sex-linked locus controls wing polymorphism in males of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) Heredity 89 346 352
4. AJ Cain PM Sheppard 1954 The theory of adaptive polymorphism Am Nat 88 321 326
5. DO Conover ET Schultz 1995 Phenotypic similarity and the evolutionary significance of countergradient variation Trends Ecol Evol 10 248 252
6. Darwin C (1859) The origin of species. John Murray, London
7. G de Jong 1999 Unpredictable selection in a structured population leads to local genetic variation in evolved reaction norms J Evol Biol 12 839 851
8. G de Jong 2005 Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: patterns of plasticity and the emergence of ecotypes New Phytol 166 101 118
9. G de Jong N Behera 2002 The influence of life-history differences on the evolution of reaction norms Evol Ecol Res 4 1 25
10. Dobzhansky T (1951) Genetics and the origin of species, 3rd edn. Columbia University Press, New York
11. J Ehrlén S Käck J Ågren 2002 Pollen limitation, seed predation and scape length in Primula farinosa Oikos 97 45 51
12. JD Evans DE Wheeler 2001 Gene expression and the evolution of insect polyphenisms Bioessays 23 62 68
13. RA Fisher 1958 Polymorphism and natural selection J Ecol 46 289 293
14. Ford EB (1965) Genetic polymorphism. Faber & Faber, London
15. Ford EB (1971) Ecological genetics, 3rd edn. Chapman & Hall, London
16. DJ Futuyma G Moreno 1988 The evolution of ecological specialization Ann Rev Ecol Syst 19 207 233
17. SM Gray JS McKinnon 2007 Linking color polymorphism maintenance and speciation Trends Ecol Evol 22 71 79
18. CD Harvell 1998 Genetic variation and polymorphism in the inducible spines of a marine bryozoan Evolution 52 80 86
19. J Jaenike 1990 Host specialization in phytophagous insects Ann Rev Ecol Syst 21 243 273
20. M Joron Y Iwasa 2005 The evolution of a Müllerian mimic in a spatially distributed community J Theor Biol 237 87 103
21. M Joron IR Wynne G Lamas J Mallet 1999 Variable selection and the coexistence of multiple mimetic forms of the butterfly Heliconius numata Evol Ecol 13 721 754
22. M Joron R Papa M Beltran 2006 A conserved supergene locus controls colour pattern diversity in Heliconius butterflies PLoS Biol 4 1831 1840
23. O Leimar 2005 The evolution of phenotypic polymorphism: randomized strategies versus evolutionary branching Am Nat 165 669 681
24. O Leimar P Hammerstein TJM Van Dooren 2006 A new perspective on developmental plasticity and the principles of adaptive morph determination Am Nat 167 367 376
25. Levins R (1968) Evolution in changing environments. Princeton University Press, Princeton
26. CM Lively WM Hazel MJ Schellenberger KS Michelson 2000 Predator-induced defense: variation for inducibility in an intertidal barnacle Ecology 81 1240 1247
27. Maynard Smith J (1982) Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
28. J Maynard Smith 1988 Can a mixed strategy be stable in a finite population? J Theor Biol 130 247 251
29. O Mayo R Bürger 1997 Evolution of dominance: a theory whose time has passed? Biol Rev 72 97 10
30. V Messmer GP Jones L van Herwerden PL Munday 2005 Genetic and ecological characterisation of colour dimorphism in a coral reef fish Environ Biol Fish 74 175 183
31. PL Munday PJ Eyre GP Jones 2003 Ecological mechanisms for the coexistence of colour polymorphism in a coral-reef fish: an experimental evaluation Oecologia 137 519 526
32. HF Nijhout 1999 Control mechanisms of polyphenic development in insects Bioscience 49 181 192
33. HF Nijhout 2003 Polymorphic mimicry in Papilio dardanus: mosaic dominance, big effects and origins Evol Dev 5 579 592
34. R Olendorf FH Rodd D Punzalan 2006 Frequency-dependent survival in natural guppy populations Nature 441 633 636
35. SP Otto D Bourguet 1999 Balanced polymorphisms and the evolution of dominance Am Nat 153 561 574
36. RA Relyea 2004 Fine-tuned phenotypes: tadpole plasticity under 16 combinations of predators and competitors Ecology 85 172 179
37. A Sasaki G de Jong 1999 Density dependence and unpredictable selection in a heterogeneous environment: compromise and polymorphism in the ESS reaction norm Evolution 53 1329 1342
38. W Scharloo 1970 Stabilizing and disruptive selection on a mutant character in Drosophila. II. Polymorphism caused by a genetical switch mechanism Genetics 65 681 691
39. W Scharloo 1970 Stabilizing and disruptive selection on a mutant character in Drosophila. III. Polymorphism caused by a developmental switch mechanism Genetics 65 693 705
40. W Scharloo MS Hoogmoed A ter Kuile 1967 Stabilizing and disruptive selection on a mutant character in Drosophila. I. The phenotypic variance and its components Genetics 56 709 726
41. Schlichting CD, Pigliucci M (1998) Phenotypic evolution: a reaction norm perspective. Sinauer, Sunderland
42. CD Schlichting H Smith 2002 Phenotypic plasticity: linking molecular mechanisms with evolutionary outcomes Evol Ecol 16 189 211
43. J Seger HJ Brockmann 1987 What is bet-hedging? Oxf Surv Evol Biol 4 182 211
44. AM Shapiro 1976 Seasonal polyphenism Evol Biol 9 259 333
45. DK Skelly 2004 Microgeographic countergradient variation in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica Evolution 58 160 165
46. EE Sotka 2005 Local adaptation in host use among marine invertebrates Ecol Lett 4 448 459
47. SE Sultan HG Spencer 2002 Metapopulation structure favors plasticity over local adaptation Am Nat 160 271 283
48. C Teplitsky S Plenet P Joly 2004 Hierarchical responses of tadpoles to multiple predators Ecology 85 2888 2894
49. P Toräng J Ehrlén J Ågren 2006 Facilitation in an insect pollinated herb with a floral display dimorphism Ecology 87 2113 2117
50. GC Trussell 2002 Evidence of countergradient variation in the growth of an intertidal snail in response to water velocity Mar Ecol Prog Ser 243 123 131
51. C Weinig 2000 Limits to adaptive plasticity: temperature and photoperiod influence shade-avoidance responses Am J Bot 87 1660 1668
52. West-Eberhard MJ (2003) Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford