Decision fusion for postal address recognition using belief functions

Expert Systems with Applications

Volumn 36, Issue 3 PART 1, 2009, Pages 5643-5653

  Mercier, David ^a,b   Cron, Geneviève ^b   Denœux, Thierry ^a   Masson, Marie Hélène ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE TECHNOLOGIE DE COMPIÈGNE   (France)

^b SOLYSTIC   (France)

Author keywords

Dempster Shafer theory; Evidence theory; Information fusion; Mailing address recognition; Transferable belief model

Indexed keywords

FORMAL LOGIC; INFORMATION FUSION;

ADDRESS RECOGNITION; COMBINATION RULES; CONFIDENCE SCORE; DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY; EVIDENCE THEORIES; MAILING ADDRESS; TRANSFERABLE BELIEF MODEL; UNCERTAIN REASONING;

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 58349104556     PISSN: 09574174     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.058     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Benouhiba T., and Nigro J.-M. An evidential cooperative multi-agent system. Expert Systems with Applications 30 2 (2006) 255-264
2. Bloch I. Fusion of information under imprecision and uncertainty, numerical methods, and image information fusion. In: Hyder A.K., et al. (Ed). Multisensor data fusion (2002), Kluwer 267-294
3. Bloch I. Fusion d'informations en traitement du signal et des images (2003), Hermès, Paris, France
4. De Leo, G., Vicenzi, M., & Franzone, C. ELSAG SPA. European patent: Mail recognition method. Number: EP 1 594 077 A2, November 2005.
5. DeGroot M.H. Optimal statistical decisions (1970), McGraw-Hill, New York
6. Denœux T., and Smets Ph. Classification using belief functions: The relationship between the case-based and model-based approaches. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics B 36 6 (2006) 1395-1406
7. Dubois D., Prade H., and Smets Ph. Representing partial ignorance. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 26 3 (1996) 361-377
8. Fisher, M., & Siemens, A. G. International patent: System and method for smart polling. Number: WO 2005/050545 A1, June 2005.
9. Kittler J., Hatef M., Duin R.P.W., and Matas J. On combining classifiers. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 20 3 (1998) 226-239
10. Kuncheva L.I. Combining pattern classifiers: Methods and algorithms (2004), Wiley-Interscience
11. Lee C.K., and Leedham C.G. A new hybrid approach to handwritten address verification. International Journal of Computer Vision 57 2 (2004) 107-120
12. Malpica J.A., Alonso M.C., and Sanz M.A. Dempster-Shafer theory in geographic information systems: A survey. Expert Systems with Applications 32 1 (2007) 47-55
13. Mercier, D., Cron, G., Denœux, T., & Masson, M. (2005). Fusion of multi-level decision systems using the transferable belief model. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on information fusion, FUSION,2005, Philadelphia, USA. Paper C8-2, July 25-29.
14. Mercier, D., Denœux, T., & Masson, M. (2006). General correction mechanisms for weakening or reinforcing belief functions. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on information fusion, FUSION,2006, Florence, Italy. Paper 146, July 10-14.
15. Palumbo P.W., and Srihari S.N. Postal address reading in real time. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 7 4 (1996) 370-378
16. Plamondon R., and Srihari S.N. On-line and off-line handwriting recognition: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 22 1 (2000) 63-84
17. Savage L.J. The foundations of statistics (1954), Wiley, New York
18. Shafer G. A mathematical theory of evidence (1976), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
19. Sikder I.U., and Gangopadhyay A. Managing uncertainty in location services using rough set and evidence theory. Expert Systems with Applications 32 2 (2007) 386-396
20. Smets Ph., and Kennes R. The transferable belief model. Artificial Intelligence 66 (1994) 191-243
21. Smets Ph. Belief functions: The disjunctive rule of combination and the generalized bayesian theorem. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 9 (1993) 1-35
22. Smets Ph. What is Dempster-Shafer's model?. In: Yager R.R., Kacprzyk J., and Fedrizzi M. (Eds). Advances in the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence (1994), Wiley, New York 5-34
23. Smets Ph. The transferable belief model for quantified belief representation. In: Gabbay D.M., and Smets Ph. (Eds). Handbook of defeasible reasoning and uncertainty management systems Vol. 1 (1998), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 267-301
24. Smets Ph. Decision making in a context where uncertainty is represented by belief functions. In: Srivastava R.P., and Mock T.J. (Eds). Belief functions in business decisions (2002), Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg 17-61
25. Smets Ph. Decision making in the TBM: The necessity of the pignistic transformation. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 38 2 (2005) 133-147
26. Srihari S.N. Handwritten address interpretation: A task of many pattern recognition problems. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 14 5 (2000) 663-674
27. Xu L., Krzyzak A., and Suen C.Y. Methods of combining multiple classifiers and their applications to handwriting recognition. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 22 3 (1992) 418-435
28. Yu, B., Jain, A. K., & Mohiuddin, M. (1997). Address block location on complex mail pieces. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on document analysis and recognition (pp. 897-901).