On Measuring Quantitative Interpretations of Reasonable Doubt

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 353-363

  Dhami, Mandeep K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

beyond reasonable doubt; juror decision making; linguistic probabilities; membership function; standards of proof

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CRIME; CRIMINAL LAW; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; GUILT; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; LEARNING; LEGAL ASPECT; LINGUISTICS; MALE; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

CRIME; CRIMINAL LAW; CULTURE; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; GUILT; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; LINGUISTICS; MALE; PROBABILITY LEARNING; PROBLEM SOLVING; SET (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58249126754     PISSN: 1076898X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0013344     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Arkes H.R., and Mellers B.A. Do juries meet our expectations?. Law and Human Behavior 26 (2002) 625-639
2. Bornstein B.H. The ecological validity of jury simulations: Is the jury still out?. Law and Human Behavior 23 (1999) 75-91
3. Budescu D.V., and Wallsten T.S. Dyadic decisions with numerical and verbal probabilities. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes 46 (1990) 240-263
4. Budescu D.V., and Wallsten T.S. Processing linguistic probabilities: General principles and empirical evidence. In: Busemeyer J., Medin D.L., and Hastie R. (Eds). Decision making from a cognitive perspective (1995), Academic, New York 275-318
5. Cohen B.L., and Wallsten T.S. The effect of constant outcome value on judgments and decision making given linguistic probabilities. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 5 (1992) 53-72
6. Connolly T. Decision theory, reasonable doubt, and utility of erroneous acquittals. Law and Human Behavior 11 (1987) 101-112
7. Dane F.C. In search of reasonable doubt. Law and Human Behavior 9 (1985) 141-158
8. Dann B.M. "Learning lessons" and "speaking rights": Creating educated and democratic juries. Indiana Law Journal 68 (1993) 1229-1279
9. DeKay M. The difference between Blackstone-like error ratios and probabilistic standards of proof. Law & Social Inquiry 21 (1996) 95-132
10. Dhami M.K., and Wallsten T.S. Interpersonal comparison of subjective probabilities. Memory & Cognition 33 (2005) 1057-1068
11. Federal Judicial Center. Pattern criminal jury instructions (1987), Author, Washington, DC
12. Finkel N.J. Commonsense justice. Jurors' notions of the law (1995), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
13. Fried M., Kaplan K.J., and Klein K.W. Juror selection: An analysis of voir dire. In: Simon R.J. (Ed). The juror system in America: A critical overview (1975), Sage, Beverly Hills, CA 58-64
14. Hastie R. Inside the juror: The psychology of juror decision making (1993), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 84-115
15. Hastie R., Penrod S., and Pennington N. Inside the jury (1983), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
16. Heffer C. Beyond "reasonable doubt": The criminal standard of proof instructions as communicative act. The International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law 13 (2006) 159-188
17. Hemmens C., Scarborough K.E., and del Carmen R.V. Grave doubts about "reasonable doubt": Confusion in state and federal courts. Journal of Criminal Justice 25 (1997) 231-254
18. Horowitz I.A. Reasonable doubt instructions. Commonsense justice and standard of proof. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 3 (1997) 285-302
19. Horowitz I.A., and Kirkpatrick. A concept in search of a definition: The effects of reasonable doubt instructions on certainty of guilt standards and jury verdicts. Law and Human Behavior 20 (1996) 655-670
20. Kagehiro D.K. Defining the standard of proof in jury instructions. Psychological Science 1 (1990) 194-200
21. Kagehiro D.K., and Stanton W.C. Legal vs. quantified definitions of standards of proof. Law and Human Behavior 9 (1985) 159-178
22. Kalven H., and Zeisel H. The American jury (1966), Little, Brown, Boston
23. Kaplan J. Decision theory and the factfinding process. Stanford Law Review 20 (1968) 1065-1092
24. Karelitz, T., Budescu, D. V., & Wallsten, T. S. (November, 2000). Validation of a new technique for eliciting membership functions of probability phrases. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans, LA.
25. Kassin S.M., and Wrightsman L.S. On the requirements of proof: The timing of judicial instruction and mock juror verdicts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1979) 1877-1887
26. Kerr N.L., Atkin R.S., Stasser G., Meek D., Holt R.W., and Davis J.H. Guilt reasonable doubt: Effects of concept definition and assigned decision rule on the judgments of mock jurors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34 (1976) 282-294
27. Koch C.M., and Devine D.J. Effects of reasonable doubt definition and inclusion of a lesser charge on jury verdicts. Law and Human Behavior 23 (1999) 653-674
28. MacCoun R.J., and Kerr N.L. Asymmetric influence in mock jury deliberation: Jurors' bias for leniency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 21-33
29. Martin A.W., and Schum D.A. Quantifying burdens of proof: A likelihood ratio approach. Jurimetrics Journal 27 (1987) 383-402
30. McCauliff C.M.A. Burdens of proof: Degrees of belief, quanta of evidence, or constitutional guarantees?. Vanderbilt Law Review 35 (1982) 1260-1335
31. Montgomery J.W. The criminal standard of proof. New Law Journal (1998) 582-584
32. Nagel S.S. Bringing the values of jurors in line with the law. Judicature 63 (1979) 189-195
33. Nagel S.S., and Neef M.G. Decision theory and the legal process (1979), Lexington Books, Lexington, MA
34. Newkirk J.M. The effect of different reasonable doubt definitions and group versus individual deliberation on the behaviour of mock jurors. Dissertation Abstracts International 42 (1981) 1673-B-1674-B
35. Newman J.O. Beyond "reasonable doubt.". New York University Law Review 68 (1993) 979-1002
36. Notes. Reasonable doubt. Harvard Law Review 108 (1995) 1716-1733 1955-1972
37. Sandys M., and Dillehay C. First-ballot votes, predeliberation dispositions, and final verdicts in jury trials. Law and Human Behavior 19 (1995) 175-195
38. Shapiro B. Beyond reasonable doubt and probable cause: Historical perspectives on the Anglo-American law of evidence (1991), University of California Press, Berkeley
39. Simon R.J. Judges' translations of burdens of proof into statements of probability. Trial Lawyer's Guide 13 (1969) 103-114
40. Simon R.J. Reasonable doubt. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 6 (1970) 203-209
41. Simon R.J., and Mahan L. Quantifying burdens of proof. A view from the bench, the jury, and the classroom. Law and Society Review (1971) 319-330
42. Stoffelmayr E., and Diamond S.S. The conflict between precision and flexibility in explaining "beyond a reasonable doubt.". Psychology, Public Policy and Law 6 (2000) 769-787
43. United States v Fatico, 458 F. Supp. 388 (E.D. N.Y. 1978).
44. Wallsten T.S., and Budescu D.V. A review of human linguistic probability processing: General principles and empirical evidence. Knowledge Engineering Review 10 (1995) 43-62
45. Wallsten T.S., Budescu D.V., and Zwick R. Comparing the calibration and coherence of numerical and verbal probability judgments. Management Science 39 (1993) 176-190
46. Young W., Cameron N., and Tinsley Y. Juries in criminal trials (New Zealand Law Commission Report No. 69) (2001), New Zealand Law Commission, Wellington