Does adiposity status influence femoral cortical strength in rodent models of growth hormone deficiency?

American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 296, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Stevenson, A E ^a   Evans, B A J ^b   Gevers, E F ^c   Elford, C ^b   McLeod, R W J ^b   Perry, M J ^d   El Kasti, M M ^a   Coschigano, K T ^e   Kopchick, J J ^e,f   Evans, S L ^b   Wells, T ^a,g  

^a School of Biosciences   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c National Institute for Medical Research

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^e Universiiy of Wales   (United Kingdom)

^f OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bone strength; Femoral morphology; Leptin

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMATE SODIUM; LEPTIN;

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BONE STRENGTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICAL BONE; FEMUR; GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HYPERLEPTINEMIA; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; LIPID DIET; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OSSIFICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBERTY; RAT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ADIPOSITY; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; BONE DENSITY; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FEMUR; GROWTH HORMONE; LEPTIN; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; MICE, INBRED C57BL; OBESITY; RATS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 58249123504     PISSN: 01931849     EISSN: 15221555     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90689.2008     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Acs Z, Antoni FA, Makara GB. Corticoliberin and somatoliberin activity in the pituitary stalk median eminence of rats after neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate. J Endocrinol 93: 239-245, 1982.
2. Berryman DE, List EO, Coschigano KT, Behar K, Kim JK, Kopchick JJ. Comparing adiposity profiles in three mouse models with altered GH signaling. Growth Horm IGF Res 14: 309-318, 2004.
3. Bloch B, Ling N, Benoit R, Wehrenberg WB, Guillemin R. Specific depletion of immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing factor by monosodium glutamate in rat median eminence. Nature 307: 272-273, 1984.
4. Bouillon R. Growth hormone and bone. Horm Res 36: 49-55, 1991.
5. Brahmabhatt V, Rho J, Bernardis L, Gillespie R, Ziv I. The effects of dietary-induced obesity on the biomechanical properties of femora in male rats. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 22: 813-818, 1998.
6. Bunyan J, Murrell EA, Shah PP. The induction of obesity in rodents by means of monosodium glutamate. Br J Nutr 35: 25-39, 1976.
7. Carmignac DF, Wells T, Carlsson LM, Clark RG, Robinson IC. Growth hormone (GH)-binding protein in normal and GH-deficient dwarf rats. J Endocrinol 135: 447-457, 1992.
8. Charlton HM, Clark RG, Robinson IC, Goff AE, Cox BS, Bugnon C, Bloch BA. Growth hormone-deficient dwarfism in the rat: a new mutation. J Endocrinol 119: 51-58, 1988.
9. Chen WY, Wight DC, Mehta BV, Wagner TE, Kopchick JJ. Glycine 119 of bovine growth hormone is critical for growth-promoting activity. Mol Endocrinol 5: 1845-1852, 1991.
10. Cornish J, Callon KE, Bava U, Lin C, Naot D, Hill BL, Grey AB, Broom N, Myers DE, Nicholson GC, Reid IR. Leptin directly regulates bone cell proliferation in vitro and reduces bone fragility in vivo. J Endocrinol 175: 405-415, 2002.
11. Davies JS, Gevers EF, Stevenson AE, Coschigano KT, El-Kasti MM, Bull MJ, Elford C, Evans BA, Kopchick JJ, Wells T. Adiposity profile in the dwarf rat: an unusually lean model of profound growth hormone deficiency. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292: E1483-E1494, 2007.
12. Davies JS, Thompson NM, Christian HC, Pinilla L, Ebling FJ, Tena-Sempere M, Wells T. Hypothalamic expression of human growth hormone induces post pubertal hypergonadotrophism in male transgenic growth retarded (Tgr) rats. J Neuroendocrinol 18: 719-731, 2006.
13. De Laet C, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johanson H, Johmell O, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Kroger H, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ, Meunier PJ, Pols HA, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 16: 1330-1338, 2005.
14. Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, Shen J, Vinson C, Rueger JM, Karsenty G. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell 100: 197-207, 2000.
15. Evans BA, Warner JT, Elford C, Evans SL, Laib A, Bains RK, Gregory JW, Wells T. Morphological determinants of femoral strength in growth hormone-deficient transgenic growth retarded (Tgr) rats. J Bone Miner Res 18: 1308-1316, 2003.
16. Fisker S, Vahl N, Hansen TB, Jørgensen JO, Hagen C, Orskov H, Christiansen JS. Serum leptin is increased in growth hormone-deficient adults: relationship to body composition and effects of placebo-controlled growth hormone therapy for 1 year. Metabolism 46: 812-817, 1997.
17. Flavell DM, Wells T, Wells SE, Carmignac DF, Thomas GB, Robinson IC. A new dwarf rat: dominant negative phenotype in GRF-GH transgenic growth retarded (Tgr) rats. EMBO J 15: 3871-3879 1996.
18. Frost HM, Jee WS. On the rat model of human osteopenias and osteoporoses. Bone Miner 18: 227-236, 1992.
19. Growth Hormone Research Society. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: summary statement of the GH Research Society. GH Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3990-3993, 2000.
20. Hamrick MW, Della-Fera MA, Choi YH, Pennington C, Hartzell D, Baile CA. Leptin treatment induces loss of bone marrow adipocytes and increases bone formation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. J Bone Miner Res 20:994-1001, 2005.
21. Heurta-Ocampo I, Christian H, Thompson NM, El-Kasti MM, Wells T. The intermediate lactotroph: a morphologically distinct, ghrelin-responsive pituitary cell in the dwarf (dw/dw) rat. Endocrinology 146: 5012-5023, 2005.
22. Holmes SJ, Economou G, Whitehouse RW, Adams JE, Shalet SM. Reduced bone mineral density in patients with adult onset growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 669-674, 1994.
23. Jørgensen JO, Vahl N, Hansen TB, Fisker S, Hagen C, Christiansen JS. Influence of growth hormone and androgens on body composition in adults. Horm Res 45: 94-98, 1996.
24. Kimmel DB. Quantitative histological changes in the proximal tibial growth plate of aged female rats. Cells Material Suppl 1: 11-18, 1991.
25. Knapp JR, Chen WY, Turner ND, Byers FM, Kopchick JJ. Growth patterns and body composition of transgenic mice expressing mutated bovine somatotropin genes. J Anim Sci 72: 2812-2819, 1994.
26. Lang DH, Harrkey NA, Lionkas A, Mack HA, Larsson L, Vogler GP, Vandenbergh DJ, Blizzard DA, Stout JT, Stitt JP, McClearn GE. Adjusting data to body size: a comparison of methods as applied to quantitative trait loci analysis of musculoskeletal phenotypes. J Bone Miner Res 20: 748 -757, 2005.
27. Lange M, Qvortrup K, Svendsen OL, Flyvbjerg A, Nowak J, Petersen MM, Ølgaard K, Felt-Rasmussen U. Abnormal bone collagen morphology and decreased bone strength in growth hormone-deficient rats. Bone 35: 178-185, 2004.
28. Legraverend C, Mode A, Wells T, Robinson IC, Gustafsson JÅ. Hepatic steroid hydroxylating enzymes are controlled by the sexually dimorphic pattern of growth hormone secretion in normal and dwarf rats. FASEB J 6: 711-718, 1992.
29. Martin RB. Determinants of the mechanical properties of bones. J Biomech 24, Suppl 1: 79-88, 1991.
30. Ohlsson C, Bengtsson BÅ, Isaksson OGP, Andreasson TT, Slootweg MC. Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev 19: 55-79, 1998.
31. Rauch F, Westermann F, Englaro P, Blum WF, Schönau E. Serum leptin is suppressed by growth hormone therapy in growth hormone-deficient children. Horm Res 50: 18-21, 1998.
32. Reseland JE, Syversen U, Bakke I, Qvigstad G, Eide LG, Hjertner O, Gordeladze JO, Drevon CA. Leptin is expressed in and secreted from primary cultures of human osteoblasts and promotes bone mineralization. J Bone Miner Res 16: 1426-1433, 2001.
33. Roemmich JN, Huerta MG, Sundaresan SM, Rogol AD. Alterations in body composition and fat distribution in growth hormone-deficient prepubertal children during growth hormone therapy. Metabolism 50: 537-547, 2001.
34. Rosén T, Wilhelmsen L, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Lappas G, Bengtsson BÅ. Increased fracture frequency in adult patients with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 137: 240-245, 1997.
35. Sjögren K, Bohlooly-Y M, Olsson B, Coschigano K, Törnell J, Mohan S, Isaksson OG, Baumann G, Kopchick J, Ohlsson C. Disproportional skeletal growth and markedly decreased bone mineral content in growth hormone receptor -/- mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 267: 603-608, 2000.
36. Thomas T. The complex effects of leptin on bone metabolism through multiple pathways. Curr Opin Pharmacol 4: 295-300, 2004.
37. Thomas T, Gori F, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Burguera B, Riggs BL. Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes. Endocrinology 140: 1630-1638, 1999.
38. Vanderschueren D, Vandenput L, Boonen S, Lindberg MK, Bouillon R, Ohlsson C. Androgens and bone. Endocr Rev 25: 389-425, 2004.
39. Venken K, Movérare-Skrtic S, Kopchick JJ, Coschigano KT, Ohlsson C, Boonen S, Bouillon R, Vanderschueren D. Impact of androgens, growth hormone, and IGF-I on bone and muscle in male mice during puberty. J Bone Miner Res 22: 72-82, 2007.
40. Wells T, Flavell DM, Wells SE, Carmignac DF, Robinson IC. Effects of growth hormone secretagogues in the transgenic growth-retarded (Tgr) rat. Endocrinology 138: 580-587, 1997.
41. Wells T, Stevenson AE, El-Kasti MM, Bull MJ, McLeod RJ, Elford C, Evans SL, Perry MJ, Evans BA. Femoral strength and trabecular architecture in rat models of moderate and profound growth hormone deficiency (Abstract). In: Proceedings of the 88th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Boston, MA, 2005, p. P3-P74.
42. Yarram SJ, Perry MJ, Christopher TJ, Westby K, Brown NL, Lamminen T, Rulli SB, Zhang FP, Huhtaniemi I, Sandy JR, Mansell JP. Luteinizing hormone receptor knockout (LuRKO) mice and transgenic human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-overexpressing mice (hCG alpha-beta+) have bone phenotypes. Endocrinology 144: 3555-3564, 2003.
43. Zhao LJ, Liu YJ, Liu PY, Hamilton J, Recker RR, Deng HW. Relationship of obesity with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 1640-1646, 2007.
44. Zhou Y, Xu BC, Maheshwari HG, He L, Reed M, Lozykowski M, Okada S, Cataldo L, Coschigano KT, Wagner TE, Baumann G, Kopchick JJ. A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 13215-13220, 1997.