"A good personal scientific relationship": Philip morris scientists and the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok

PLoS Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 1737-1748

  MacKenzie, Ross ^a   Collin, Jeff ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; LAW SUIT; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PASSIVE SMOKING; PUBLIC HEALTH; SCIENTIST; THAILAND; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

ACADEMIES AND INSTITUTES; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; CONFLICT OF INTEREST; DISCLOSURE; HUMANS; LOBBYING; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLISHING; SCIENCE; SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT; THAILAND; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION;

EID: 58249091039     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050238     Document Type: Article

References (189)

1. Hirschhorn N (2000) Shameful science: four decades of the German tobacco industry-s hidden research on smoking and health. Tob Control 9: 242-247.
2. Francey N, Chapman S (2000) "Operation Berkshire": the international tobacco companies- conspiracy. BMJ 821: 371-374.
3. Cummings KM, Brown A O-Connor (2007) The cigarette controversy, (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16: 1070-1076.
4. Barnes D, Hanauer P, Slade J (1995) Environmental tobacco smoke: The Brown and Williamson documents. JAMA 274: 248-253.
5. Muggli M, Forster J, Hurt R (2001) The smoke you don-t see: uncovering tobacco industry strategies aimed against environmental tobacco smoke. Am J Public Health 91: 1419-1423.
6. Hong M, Bero L (2002) How the tobacco industry responded to an influential study of the health effects of secondhand smoke. BMJ 325: 1413-1416.
7. Drope J, Chapman S (2001) Tobacco industry efforts at discrediting scientific knowledge of environmental tobacco smoke: a review of internal industry documents. J Epidemiol Community Health 55: 588-594.
8. Ong E, Glantz S (2001) Constructing "Sound Science" and "Good Epidemiology": tobacco, lawyers, and public relations firms. Am J Public Health 91: 1749-1757.
9. Muggli M, Hurt RD, Blanke DD (2003) Science for hire: A tobacco industry-strategy to influence public opinion on secondhand smoke. Nicotine Tob Res 5: 303-314.
10. WHO 2001 The Tobacco Industry and Scientific Groups ILSI: A Case Study, available: http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/ILSI.pdf. Accessed 14 February 2008.
11. Yach D, Bialous S (2001)Junking Science to promote tobacco. Am J Public Health 91: 1745-1748.
12. Diethelm PA, Rielle J-C, McKee M (2004) The whole truth and nothing but 37. the truth? The research that Philip Morris did not want you to see. Lancet 364: 86-92.
13. WHO (2000) Tobacco industry strategies to undermine tobacco control activities in the World Health Organization. Tobacco Free Initiative. Available: http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/who-inquiry.pdf. Accessed 9 August 2008.
14. Ong E, Glantz S (2000) Tobacco industry efforts subverting the International Agency for Research on Cancer-s second-hand smoke stud. Lancet 355: 1253-1259.
15. Boyse S (1988) Note on a special meeting of the UK Industry on 40. Environmental Tobacco Smoke. London. February 17th 1988. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2063791193/1188. Available: http://legacy.lihrary.ucsf.edu/tid/kur45d00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
16. Philip Morris (1999) Proposal for the organisation of the Whitecoat Project. Bales No. 2501474262/4265. Available: http://legacy.lihrary.ucsf.edu/ tid/amc87e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
17. Michaels D, Monforton C (2005) Manufacturing uncertainly: contested science and the protection of the public-s health and environment. AmJ 43. Public Health 95: S39-S48.
18. Kannangara A (1987) PM EEMA Region: 1987 ETS Plan. 9 Mar 1987. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2023544027/4039. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ tid/ktu78e00/pdf. Accessed 4 November 2008.
19. Barnoya J, Glantz SA (2006) The tobacco industry-s worldwide ETS consultants project: European and Asian components. Fur J Public Health 16: 69-77.
20. Boyse S (1991) Proposal to Establish a Scientific Consultancy Group of ETS and Related Issues in Latin America. 2 Jan 1991. British American 46. Tobacco. Available: htlp://bat.library.ucsf.edu/data/x/r/q/xrq44a99/xrq44a99. pdf. Accessed 4 November 2008.
21. Assunta M, Fields N, Knight J (2004) Chapman S. "Care and feeding": the Asian environmental tobacco smoke consultants programme. Tob Control 13: 114-12.
22. Walk R (1996) Plan for Asia 1996/1997. 29 Oct 1996. Philip Morris. Bates 48. No. 2060565775/5807. Available: http://legacy.librdry.ucsf.edu/tid/bzt18d00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
23. Dudley D (2007) Clearing the Air. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health news center. 23 Jul 2007. Available: http://www.jhsph.edu/ publicheallhnews/articles/2007/global-tobacco-control-program.html. Accessed 26 April 2008.
24. World Bank 1999 Curbing the epidemic: Governments and the economics of tobacco control. Washington (D. G): World Bank. 122 p.
25. Levy DT, Benjakul S, Ross H, Ritthiphakdee B. (2008) The role of tobacco control policies in reducing smoking and deaths in a middle income nation: results from the Thailand Sim Smoke simulation model. Fob Control 17: 53-59.
26. Yong H-H, Borland R, Hammond D, Sirirassamee B, B Ritthiphakdee B, et al. (2008) Levels and correlates of awareness of tobacco promotional activities among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand: findings from the Internationa] Tobacco Control Southeast Asia (LTC-SEA) Survey. Tob Control 17: 46-52.
27. SEARO (2000 May 31) WHO commends Thailand-s path breaking ami- tobacco efforts cautions against any let up. New Delhi: SEARO SFA/PR/1308. Available: http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section316/Section503/ Section2373-12983.htm. Accessed 12 June 2008.
28. Khwankhom A (2004 January 22) Cigarettes set to carry pictorial warnings. The Nation (Bangkok). Available: http://www.nationmultiiuedia.com/search/read. php?newsid= 92224&keyword =Cigarettes+set+to+carry+pictial+warnings. Accessed 12 February 2008.
29. Khwankhom A (2005September25) Cigarette displays a no-no from today. The Nation (Bangkok). Available: http://www.natioiimultimedia.com/search/read.php? newsid=121358&keyword =Cigarett&+-displays-ra+no-no+from+today. Accessed 26 Apr 2008.
30. Thai Health Promotion Institute (2004) Summary of Changes in Cigarette Excise Taxes. Bangkok: Thai Health Promotion Institute. Available: http://www.thpinhf.org/t-economics.pdf. Accessed 22 February 2008.
31. Thailand (2001) Health Promotion Foundation Act. B.E. 2544. Available: http://www.hp-foundalions.net/members-thaihealth.aspx. Accessed 18 November 2008
32. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2006) Institute activities. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/about-activities.php. Accessed 10 February 2008.
33. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1998) CRI Launches Regional Capacity Building Project. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter Jan 8: 1. Available: http://www.cri.or. thfen/envtox/NL/NL-8-l.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
34. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2001) CRI Receives ASEAN Foundation Grant for Regional Training programs in Environmental Toxicology. CRI/ ICEIT Newsletter July 11: 1. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL.-11-3. pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
35. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1992) CRI Embarks on UNDP-Funded Human Resources Development Project. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter Oct 2: 1. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL-2-4.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
36. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1994) International Training Course. CRI/ ICEIT Newsletter Jan 4: 1-2. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL-4- 1.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
37. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2001) Training Course on environmental & Health Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Toxic Chemicals 20-25 Nov 2000. CRUI/CEIT Newsletter Jan 2001; 1: 1. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/ envtox/NL/NL-11-l.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
38. WHO (2003) WHO/CRI Workshop on healthy Environments for Children. 3-5 February- 2003. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter Apr 23: 5. Available: http://www. cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL-13-2.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
39. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1995) CRI Hosts 16th UICC Training Course. CRI/ICFJT Newsletter Apr 5: 1-2. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/ NL-5-2.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
40. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1998) Chulabhorn Research Institute Capacity Building Project Activities for Southeast Asian Countries. CRI/ ICEIT NewsletterOct 8: 7.
41. [No authors listed] (1999) Princess Chulabhorn Opens Regional Training Courses in Vietnam. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter Jan 1999; 9: 1.:
42. [No authors listed] (2000) HRH Princess Chulabhorn Opens First Executive Seminars on Environmental Toxicology in Malaysia. CRI/ICEIT Newsletterjul 2000; 10: 1-2.
43. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2002) Executive Seminar and Workshop on Environmental Toxicology for Sustainable Development. 24 June-5 July 2002. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter Jul 12: 4. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL- 12-3.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
44. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2008) International Centre for Environmental and Industrial Toxicology. Background and Scope. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/et-back.htm. Accessed 12 January 2008.
45. SEARO (2006) Environmental Health Update. 4: 4. Available: http://searo.who.int/LinkFiles/SDE-EHIssueNo4.pdf. Accessed 8 February 2008.
46. Chulabhorn Research Institute. President of the Institute. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/pr-president.php. Accessed 8 February 2008.
47. MacKenzie R, Collin J, Lee K (2003) The Tobacco Industry Documents: An Introductory Handbook and Resource Guide for Researchers, London: LSHTM. 74 p. Available: http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/cgch/tobacco/ Handbook%2008.07.03.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2008.
48. Malone RE, Balbach ED (2000) Tobacco industry documents: treasure trove or quagmire? Tob Control 9: 334-338.
49. Bero I. (2003) Implications of the Tobacco Industry Documents for Public Health and Policy. Annu Rev Public Health 24: 267-288.
50. Balbach F (2002) Tobacco industry documents: comparing the Minnesota Depository and internet access. Tob Control 11: 68-72.
51. LeGresley E, Muggli M, Hurt R (2005) Playing hide-and-seek with the tobacco industry. Nicotine Tob Res 7: 27-40.
52. Carter SM (2005) Tobacco document research reporting, Tob Control 14: 368 -376.
53. Ciresi M, Walburn R, Sutton T (1999) Decades of Deceit: Document Discovery in the Minnesota Tobacco Litigation. William Mitchell Law Review 25: 477-566.
54. Balbach ED, Barbeau EM (2005) Beyond quagmires: the evolving quality of documents research, "fob Control 14: 361-362.
55. Forster N (1994) The Analysis of Company Documentation. In Cassell C, Symon G editors. Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research: a practical guide. London: Sage. pp. 147-166.
56. Remes D (1989) THE EEC/EEMA ETS PROJECT. DRAFT 20 FEB 1988. 20 February 1989. Philip Morris Bates No. 2501474253/4259. Available: http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/itg45dOO. Accessed 4 November 2008.
57. So SY (1989) ASIA ETS CONSULTANTS PROJECT. 25 February 1989. Philip Morris. Bates No 2500048666/8673. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ zzf87e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
58. Philip Morris (1993) Memorandum to the Thailand File regarding Perry/ Leslie Visit Summary. Oct 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No 2048771031 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hnn32d00/pdf. Accessed 4 November 2008.
59. Matthews PL (1993) Thailand. Proposed 1994 Activities. 28 Oct 1993. British American Tobacco. Bates No. 502575602. Available: http://bat.Iihrary. uesf.edu/tid/asn45a99. Accessed 4 November 2008.
60. Leslie G (1999) [Fax to Dr E Sanders, Philip Morris Europe]. 3 Mar 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2505644504. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ tid/ddzl5c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
61. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1992) Princess II Congress. CRI/ICEIT Newsletterjul 2: 2-3. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL/NL-2-3. pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
62. State of Minnesota (1997) Court File No. C1-94-8565 25 March 1997. Order Granting Plaintiffs Motion to Compel Regarding Philip Morris International and Denying Defendants- Motion for Protective Order. Available: http://stic.neu.edu/ MN/COMPEL3-97.htm. Accessed 18 January 2008.
63. Bero L. S Glantz SA. Hong M-K (2005) The limits of competing interest disclosure, Tob Control 14: 118-126.
64. Hirschhorn N, Aguinaga Bialous S, Shatenstein S (2006) The Philip Morris External Research Program: results from the first round of projects. Tob Control 15: 267-269.
65. [No authors listed] (2008) Philip Morris Glossary of Names. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsi.edu/glossaries/pm-gloss-wjsp Accessed 16 January 2008.
66. Sebrie EM, Glantz SA (2007) "Accommodating" smoke-free policies: tobacco industry-s Courtesy of Choice programme in Latin America. Tob Control 16: e6.
67. Tong EK, Glantz S (2004) ARTIST (Asian Regional Tobacco Industry Team): Philip Morris- attempt to exert a scientific and regulatory agenda on Asia. Tob Control 13: iiill8-iii124.
68. Walk R (1997) ARTIST- Asian Region Tobacco Industry Science Team 93. Current Activities and Prospects. 17 Apr 1997. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2065329365/9368. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qpp63c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
69. Philp Morris. 1st Meeting of Asian Regional Tobacco Industry Scientists Team -ARTIST-. 24 May 1996. Philip Morris. Bates No 206383480614808. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/duj32d00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
70. Chulabhorn Research Institute. Executive Board. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/aboul-be-executive.php. Accessed 20 June 2008.
71. Mahidol University Department of Pharmacology. Staff. Available: http://www.sc.mahidol.ac.th/scpni/aduiin.htm. Accessed 11 February 2008.
72. Walk RA. Visit to Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Bangkok. Thailand, Jun to 5 Jul 93. 12 Jul 1993. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2021521263/1266 (identifying Drs. Jutamaad Satayavivad and Udom Chantharaksri of Mahidol University faculty; Dr. Wongchan Wongkaew, head of the Botany Department at Kasetsart University; and Ms. Narumoi Tapaneeyakul from the Ministry of Public Health). Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edvi/tid/ndj48e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
73. Zhang M, Lau R, Walk R. Highlights of the trip to Bangkok, Thailand, January 18-20, 1999. DRAFT. 22 January 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2505659586/9588. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gmul5c00/pelf. Accessed 4 November 2008.
74. Ruchirawat M (1991) [Reply to Roger Walk-s 4th October 1991 telex], 25 October 1991. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2028727010. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/xpk27e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
75. Walk R (1992) Invitation to visit our inhalation facilities. 5 February 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028701149/1151. Available: http;//legacy. library.ucsf.edu/tid/hhb27e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
76. Walk R (1992) Supporting Tony Andrade by developing contacts to Thai toxicologists. 28 Jul 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2029052678. Available: http://legacy.lihrary.ucsf.edu/ud/rmx59e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
77. Reininghaus W (1992) RE: Thailand Poster. 29 Oct 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2023049980. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/asw44e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
78. Ruchirawat M (1992) [Letter to Roger Walk confirming request for his assistance in CRI project]. 4 Sep 1992. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2028704786A. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/omi81f00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
79. Walk R (1992) [Letter to Mathuros Ruchirawat confirming her visit to CRC]. 15 Jul 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028703143. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qdhl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
80. Walk R (1992) Invitation to Visit Inhalation Facilities in Europe. 22 Dec 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028704735. Available: http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/wqgl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
81. Walk RA (1994) CRC Annual Report 1993. 29 Apr 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028891157/1208. Available: http://legacy.libraiy.ucsf.edu/tid/jvh53e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
82. Walk RA (1994) Visit by Dr. Mathuros Ruchirawat, Vice President for Research, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Bangkok, Thailand, 13 Jul 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2029043187/3189. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf. edu/tid/ehv59e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
83. Walk R (1992) Re.: Contacts to Thai Scientists. 28 Jul 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2064262014. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ epz50c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
84. Walk R (1992) Design Chulabhorn Inhalation Facility. 23 Nov 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028704437. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ izgl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
85. Walk RA (1993) Project PN 88.2124.1-02.200 Chulabhorn Research Institute, CRI, Bangkok, Presence at Bangkok: 26 Jun. to 5 Jul. 93. 14 Jul 1993. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2028707105/7108. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ tid/eifl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
86. Walk R (1993) Design Bioresearch buildings, CRI. 15 Jul 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028707104. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ difl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
87. Walk R (1994) Chulabhorn Research Institute. 1 February 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028708928/8930. Available: http://legacy.lihrary.ucsf.edu/ tid/aiel2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
88. Walk R (1994) Invitation to discuss revised plans for CRI bioresearch buildings. 20 May 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2029210220. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/xjz73e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
89. Walk R (1992) Advise to Design of Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory. 18 Sep 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028703777. Available: http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/vlc27e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
90. Ruchirawat M (1993) [Letter to Roger Walk confirming travel arrangements]. 17 Nov 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028747143. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gvm27e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
91. Walk R (1992) Recommendation of Visit of Design Team members to Inhalation Facilities in Europe. 27 Nov 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028704480/4481. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/uzgl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
92. Ruchirawat M (1993) [Letter to Roger Walk re: GTZ funding], 15 Mar 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028740914/0915. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf. edu/tid/pmq02e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
93. Ruchirawat M (1993) [Letter to R Walk re: funding fro additional consultancy trip]. 20 Oct 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028746448/6449 Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hno02e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
94. Walk R (1993) Support of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Consulting Activities for Animal Laboratories. 17 Jun 1993. Philip Morris, Bates No. 2028706724/6725 Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cpfl2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
95. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit. Available: http://www.gtz/de/en/unternehmen/l732.htm. Accessed 4 February 2008.
96. Bero I, Barnes DE, Hanauer P, Slade J, Glantz SA (1995) Lawyer control of the tobacco industry-s eternal research program: the Brown & Williamson documents. JAMA 274: 241-247.
97. Bitton A, Neuman MD, Barnoya J, Glantz SA (2005) The p53 tumour suppressor gene and the tobacco industry: research, debate, and conflict of interest. Lancet 365: 1026-1027.
98. Friedman LC, Daynard R, Banthin CN (2005) How tobacco-friendly science escapes scrutiny in the courtroom. Am I Public Health 95: S1-S19.
99. Guardino SD, Daynard R (2007) Tobacco industry lawyers as "disease vectors". Lob Control 16: 224-228.
100. United States (2006) United Slates v. Philip Morris, et al. Civil Action No. 1999-2496 [GK]. Final Opinion issued 17 Aug 2006. Available: http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/doi/FinalOpinion.pdf. Accessed 8 February 2008.
101. Margolies D (2006) KC-based Shook Hardy blistered in judge-s tobacco opinion. The Kansas City Star 24 Oct:1. Available: http://www.tobacco.org/news/ 234484.html Accessed 12 February 2008.
102. Flores ML, Barnoya J. Meija R, Alderete E, Pérez-Stable FJ (2006) Litigation in Argentina: challenging the tobacco industry. Tob Control 15: 90-96.
103. Carter SM (2003) Cooperation and control: the Tobacco Institute of Australia. Lob Control 203; 12: iii54-iii60.
104. Walk RA (1992) Contacts to Thai Scientists. 1 Dec 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028704529/4530. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ huh53e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
105. Thailand (1992) Tobacco Products Control Act. B.E. 2535. Available: http://www.thpinhf.Org/T-Products-Control-Act-texthtml Accessed 17 January 2008.
106. Mackenzie R, Collin J, Sriwongcharoen K (2004) "If we can just -stall- new unfriendly legislations, the Scoreboard is already in our favour": transnational tobacco companies and ingredients disclosure in Thailand. Tob Control 13: ii79-ii86.
107. Wall CR (1992) Thailand Ingredients. 1 Sep 1992. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2023247351/7352. Available: http://legacy.hbrary.ucsf.edu/tid/psh84a00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
108. Walk R (1994) Requested Definitions. 24 Aug 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2051325026/5027. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nct06c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
109. Solana R (1994) Ingredients, Thailand. 17 Nov 1994. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2057852214/2215. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nwa74a00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
110. Harris D (1994) [Letter to R Carchman on Roger Walk-s visit to PM Asia office, Hong Kong], 18 Aug 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2076407647. Available: http://legacy.library.uesf.edu/tid/gdj85c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
111. Solana R (1994) Thailand Ingredients. 24 Aug 1994. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2050763768. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tfg73e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
112. Walk R (1995) Ingredients, Thailand. 12 Oct 1995. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2046261011/1012. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/aje97d00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
113. Harris D (1996) [Report of meeting with Suzanne Troje, Technical Barriers to Trade Office, WTO], 14 Oct 1996. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2064814634/ 4635. Available: http://lcgacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bko94c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
114. Windholz E (1996) Thailand Ingredients. 25 Nov 1996. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2065340819/0822. Available: http://legacy.libraiy.ucsf.edu/tirWys63c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
115. Andrade A. Memorandum From Philip Morris Counsel to Philip Morris Employee. Contacts with Local Thai Scientists Regarding Proposed Ingredients Legislation. 29 January 1992. UNAVAILABLE - Privileged Content (Code: IB). http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tidrtimy12a00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
116. UCSF Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Privileged Document Codes. Philip Morris Privilege Codes. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/help/ privcodcs.jsp#pm-priv. Accessed 18 November 2008.
117. Ruchirawat M (1993) [Offer of consultancy position made to R Walk]. 29 Oct 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2028747028. Available: http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/own02e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
118. Walk R (1993) Support of the Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI). 16 Dec 1993. Philip Morris. Bates No, 2028708600, Available: http;//legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/geel2e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
119. Ruchirawat M (1994) [letter to R Walk re: trip to Belgium and offer of faculty post]. 22 Jun 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2029116779. Available: 143. http://legacy-library.ucsf.edu/tid/out37e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
120. Chulabhorn Research Institute. Post-Graduate Program on Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management. Fax stamp dale 22 Jun 1994. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2029116780. Available; http://legacy.library.ucsf.cdu/tid/put. 37e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
121. [No author listed] (2006) Editorial Note. Euro J Public Health 16: 233.
122. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1996) The Second International Conference on Environmental and Industrial Toxicology: Research and Its 145. Application. Program. Monday December 9 1996. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2065350725/0728 Available: http://legacy.library.iicsf.edu/tid/hbv63c.00/pdf. Accessed 4 November 2008.
123. Barnes D, Bero L (1996) Industry-funded research and conflict of interest 146. in analysis of research sponsored by the tobacco industry through the Center for Indoor Air Research. J Health Polit Policy Law 21: 515-542.
124. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1996) The Second International Conference on Environmental and Industrial Toxicology: Research and Its Application, Bangkok, Thailand 9 to 13 December 1996. Second Announcement and Call for Abstracts. 1996. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2073894596/4604 Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/smo37c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
125. Walk R (1999) [Workshop at 4th Princess Chulabhorn Science Congress, 1999]. 18 February 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2078591387/1389. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ticl/rual9c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
126. Walk R (1999) [Fax to M Ruchirawat accepting offer of faculty post at CRI]. 19 Apr 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2067320756/0757. Available: http://legacy.lihrary.ucsf.edu/tid/ttw86a00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
127. Ruchirawat M (1999) The Fourth Princess Chulabhorn International Science Congress, 28 November - 2 December 1999, Bangkok. 11 Oct 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2067320750/0751. Available: http://legacy.lihrary.ucsf.edu/ticl/ utw86a00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
128. Walk R (1999) Presenters for Bangkok. 13 Aug 1999. Philip Morris. Bales No. 2073787909B. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/epv85c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
129. Haussmann HJ (1999) From Roger re symposium Bangkok. 23 Aug 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2073787908. Available: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ bpv85c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
130. Fourth Princess Chulahhorn Science Congress: Chemicals in the 21st century: program abstracts. Schedule for Wednesday 1 December 1999. Available: http://lib.cri.or.th/cri/2001/e00523e-17.jpg. Accessed 23 January 2008.
131. Garne D, Watson M, Chapman S (2005) Environmental tobacco smoke research published in the journal Indoor and Built Environment and 154. associations with the tobacco industry. Lancet 365: 804-809. Appendices. Available: http://tobacco.health.iisyd.edu.au/site/gateway/docs/pdf/lSBE.pdf. Accessed 12 January 2008.
132. McDaniel PA, Solomon G, Malone R (2005) The Tobacco Industry and Pesticide Regulations: Case Studies from Tobacco Industry Archives. Environ Health Persp 113: 1659-1665.
133. Schick SF, Glantz. SA (2007) Old ways, new means: tobacco industry funding of academic and private sector scientists since the Master Settlement Agreement, Tob Control 16: 157-164.
134. Walk R (1999) Re: Budget/contracts for speakers. 19Jul 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2082674670. Available: http://legacy.libraiy.ucsf.edu/tid/ yxs55c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
135. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1999) Proceedings of the Fourth Princess Chulabhorn International Science Congress: Chemicals in the 21st Century/Chemicals for Sustainable Development. Chulabhorn. Bangkok; Trinity Publishing.
136. [No author listed] (1999) How have interactions with regulators and scientists furthered our objectives? 13 May 1999. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2078591506. Available: hup://Legacy.Hhrary.ucsf.edu/tid/jkal9c00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
137. Chulabhorn Research Institute- Inter University Post-Graduate Education Program on Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) Availahle:http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/et-postgrad.htm. Accessed 12 January 2008.
138. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2006) Tentative Program, Post-Graduate Education in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management. ED 78.27 Environmental Toxicology. August Semester 2006. Available; http://www.cri.or.th/ en/envtox/IU/EnvTox-06.pdf. Accessed 3 Aug 2008.
139. Mahidol University. Environmental Science, Technology and Management. Available: http://www.estrn.mahidol.ac.th/iu/staif.html. Accessed 12 January 2008.
140. Thomas K (1990) [Letter to Leo Dreyer re: scientists working with Tobacco Institute on ETS risk assessment]. 25 Jul 1990. Tobacco Institute, Bates No. TI01380831. Available: http://tobaccodocuments.org/nysa-ti-m2/TI01380831.html. Accessed 4 November 2008.
141. Hirschhorn N (2002) How the tobacco and food industries and their allies tried to exert undue influence over FAO/WHO food and nutrition policies. Unpublished report prepared for WHO. New Haven, CT,
142. Whist A (1989) ETS Symposium. 8 Aug 1989. Philip Morris. Bates No. 2023034633/4637. Available: http://legacy.Hhrary.ucsf.edu/tid/hcn44e00. Accessed 4 November 2008.
143. Ecobichon DJ, Wu J Meds (1990) Environmental tobacco smoke: proceedings of the international symposium at McGill University 1989. Kentucky: Lexington Books. 416 p.
144. Rupp J, Billings DM (1989) Asia ETS Project: Status Report. PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS- WORK PRODUCT. 27 Sep 1989. British American Tobacco. Bates No. 301150107, Available: http://bat.library.ucsf.edu/data/g/w/i/ gwi38a99/gwi38a99.pdf. Accessed 4 November 2008.
145. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1992) Expertise required in Developing Countries to Manage Toxic Wastes. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter January 2: 1. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL-2-1.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
146. Chulabhorn Research Institute (1993) Course II: Environmental Toxicology. List of Faculty. CRI/ICEIT Newsletter Oct 3: 6. Available: http://www.cri.or. th/en/envtox/NL/NL-3-4.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
147. Chulabhorn Research Institute International (1995) Training Courses Organized by the Internationa] Centre for Environmental and Industrial Toxicology (ICEIT) of the Chulabhorn Research Institute in Collaboration with the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). CRI/ICEIT Newsletter January 5: 1-7. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL-5-1.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
148. Chulabhorn Research Institute. International Centre for Environmental and Industrial Toxicology. Network for Scientific Cooperatio. Internet-based Information Exchange Service: Environmental Toxicology. Available: http://203.151.96.5:250/et-net-co-env.htmhttp://w:ww.cri.or.th/en/envtox/ et-net-co-env.htm#2. Accessed 25 January 2008.
149. Chulabhorn Research Institute (2002) International Centre for Environmental and Industrial Toxicology. Environmental Toxicology- V 1-3. 2nd ed. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/enytox/et-publications.htm. Accessed 15 January 2008.
150. Palmieri M (2004) Ciggies in kid-pleasing flavours tested here. National Review of Medicine 1: Available: http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/ 2004-08-30/featurel2-15.html. Accessed 5 February 2008.
151. Chulabhorn Research Institute International (1996) The Southeast Asia Training Course on Environ mental Toxicology: Pollution Control and Management. RI/ICEIT Newsletter Oct 6: 1-3. Available: http://www.cri.or.th/en/envtox/NL/NL- 6-4.pdf. Accessed 21 February 2008.
152. SEARO (2006) MEMORANDUM. Fellowship Placements in Thailand. 26 Jul. Available: http://w3.whothai.org/LinkFiles/Publications-thai-placements.pdf. Accessed 3 February 2008.
153. SFARO (2008) Sustainable Development and Healthy Environment Departments. Collaborating Centres, http://www.searo.who.ini/en/Section23/Section 1734.htm. Accessed 3 February 2008.
154. WHO (2002) International Conference on Environmental Threats to the Health of Children; Hazards and Vulnerability. Chulabhorn Research Centre Bangkok, Thailand 3-7 March 2002. Final Conference Report. WHO: Geneva. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO-SDE-PHE-02.02.pdf. Accessed 2 February 2008.
155. WHO (2003) Programmes and Projects. Healthy Environments for
156. Children Alliance. February 2-5. Bangkok, Thailand. Available: http://www.who.int/heca/events/pastevents/en/index.html. Accessed 9 January 2008.
157. WHO (2004) Centre for Health Development, Annual Report 2004. Kobe Japan: WHO. Available: http://www.who.or.jp/reports/annual-report2004.pdf. Accessed 9 January 2008.
158. ASEAN (2005) Proceedings of The Second High-Level Meeting on Environment and Health in ASEAN and East Asian Countries. 12-13 December 2005. Bangkok, Thailand. Available: http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-69621.html. Accessed 4 February 2008.
159. Ministerial Regional Forum (2007) Ministerial Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian Countries. 8-9 August, 2007. Bangkok, Thailand. Available: http://www.pcd.go.th/Info-serv/EnvHealth.pdf. Accessed 11 February 2008.
160. WHO (2006) Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety. Available: http://www.who.int/ifcs/documents/foriuns/forum5/recog-award/en/index.html. Accessed 11 January 2008.
161. WHO (2006) Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria on Principles for Evaluating health Risks in Children Associated with Exposure to Chemicals. Environmental Health Criteria 237. Available: http://whqlibd.oc. who.int/publications/2006/924157237X-eng.pdf. Accessed 11 January 2008.
162. WHO (2004) International Programme on Chemical Safety. Steering Committee on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals Report of the 7th Meeting.25-26 October 2004, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Available: http://www.who.int/ipcs/methods/harmonization/organization/final- report.pdf. Accessed 12 January 2008.
163. WHO (2007) International Programme on Chemical Safely Steering Committee on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals. Report of the 8th Meeting. 10-11 May 2007, Berlin, Germany. Available: http://www.who.int/ipcs/methods/harmoriization/hsceight-report.pdf. Accessed 12 January 2008.
164. Baker C, Phongpaichit P (2005) A History of Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 320 p.
165. Bowornwathana B (2000) Thailand in 1999: A Royal Jubilee, Economic Recovery, and Political Reform. Asian Survey 40: 87-97.
166. Streckfuss D (1995} Kings in the Age of Nations: The Paradox of Lésé-Majesté as Political Crime in Thailand. Comp Stud Soc Hist 37: 445-475.
167. Handley P (2006) The King Never Smiles: A biography of Thailand-s Bhumihol Adulyadej. New Haven: Yale University Press. 512 p.
168. MacKinnon I (2007) Ten years in jail for insulting Thailand-s king. The Guardian 30 Mar, Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,. 2046224,00.html, Accessed 18 January 2008.
169. Cohen JE, Ashley MJ, Goldstein AO, Ferrence R, Brewster JM (1999) Institutional addiction to tobacco. Tob Control 8: 70-4.
170. Editorial (2001) Universities and tobacco money: Some universities are accomplices in the tobacco epidemic. BMJ 323: 1-2.
171. Cohen JE (2001) Universities and tobacco money. BMJ 323; 1-2.
172. Gilmore A, Collin J, McKee M (2006) British American Tobacco-s erosion of health legislation in Uzbekistan, BMJ 332: 355-358.
173. Sebrié EM, Barnoya J, Perez-Stable EJ, Glantz SA (2005) Tobacco industry successfully prevented tobacco control legislation in Argentina. Tob Control 14: e2.
174. Mackenzie R, Collin J, Sopharo C, Sopheap Y (2004) "Almost a role model of what we would like to do everywhere": British American Tobacco in Cambodia. Fob Control 13: iil 12-ii117.
175. Vateesatokit P (2003) Tailoring Tobacco Control Efforts to the Country: The Example of Thailand. In de Beyer J, Waverley Brigden Leds. Tobacco Control Policy: Strategies, Successes and Setbacks. Washington (D. C.): World Bank. pp. 154-179.
176. Bero L (2005) Tobacco industry manipulation of research. Public Health Chronicle 120: 200-208.
177. Chantornvong S, McCargo D (2001) Political economy of tobacco control in Thailand. Tob Control 10: 48-54.
178. Mahidol University (2008) Prince Mahidol Award. Available: http://www. princeaward.mahidol.ae.th/prince-award2.html. Accessed 5 February 2008.
179. WHO Collaborating Centres-Global Database (2005) WHO Collaborating Centre for Capacity Building and Research in Environmental Health Science and Toxicology. Available: http://www.who.itit/whocc/Detail.aspx?cc-ref==THA- 47&cc-city=bangkok&.Accessed 15 January 2008.
180. WHO (2004) Tobacco Free Initiative. WHO inquiry. 2004. Available: http://www/who.int/tobacco/policy/who-inquiryfen/. Accessed 06 June 2008.
181. WHO (2000) Response of WHO to the Report of the Committee of Experts on Tobacco Industry Documents. 6 Oct 2000. Available: http://www.who.int/tobacco/ media/en/lnquiryDGres2.pdf. Accessed 6 June 2008.
182. United Nations (2008) Department of Public Information, Press Conference on World Health Organization Report on Global Tobacco Epidemic. 7 Feb. Available: http://www.un.org/News/brienngs/docs/2008/080207-Tobacco.doc.htm, Accessed 15 May 2008.
183. WHO (2003) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Available: http://www.who.int/tobaceo/framework/WHO-FCTC-english.pdf. Accessed 15 January 2008.
184. Richter J (2004) Public-private partnerships and health for all - How can WHO safeguard public interests? GASPP Policy Brief No. 5 Sep. Available: http://gaspp.stakes.decenturl.com/nr-rdonlyres-8f 169cdc-9a01. Accessed 3 February 2008.
185. Buse K, Waxman A (2001) Public-private health partnerships: a strategy for WHO. Bull World Health Organ 79: 748-754.
186. Buse K, Harmer A (2007) Seven habits of highly effective global public- private health partnerships: practice and potential. Soc Sci Vied 64: 259-271.
187. People-s Health Movement, Medact, Global Equity Gauge Alliance, Zed Books (2005) Global Health Watch 2005-2006: An alternative world health report. Available: http://www.ghwatch.org/2005-report-conteni.s.php Accessed 18 November 2008.
188. Khor M (2007) WHO stung by delegates- criticisms. People-s. Health Movement. 19 May- Available: http://www.plimovement.org/en/node/349. Accessed 15 January 2008.
189. WHO (2008) Collaborating Centres general information. Available: http://www.who.int/kms/initiatives/whoccinlormation/en/print.html. Accessed 5 January 2008.