The evolution of eyes in the Bivalvia: New insights

American Malacological Bulletin

Volumn 26, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 35-45

  Morton, Brian ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cephalic and pallial eyes; Duplication; Evagination; Invagination; Mantle folds

Indexed keywords

ANOMALODESMATA; ANOMIOIDEA; ARCOIDEA; BIVALVIA; CARDIOIDEA; LATERNULIDAE; LIMOIDEA; LIMOPSOIDEA; MYTILOIDEA; OSTREOIDEA; PECTINIDAE; PECTINOIDEA; PTERIOIDEA;

EID: 58149402500     PISSN: 07402783     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4003/006.026.0205     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (65)

1. Adal, M. N. and B. Morton. 1973. The fine structure of the pallial eyes of Laternula truncata (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Pandoracea). Journal of Zoology 171: 533-556.
2. Ansell, A. D., C.-P. Günther, and M. T. Burrows. 1998. Partial emergence of the bivalve Donax vittatus in response to abrupt changes in light intensity and before spawning. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 669-672.
3. Baker, S. M. and R. Mann. 1994. Description of metamorphic phases in the oyster Crassostrea virginica and effects of hypoxia on metamorphosis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 104: 91-99.
4. Barber, V. C. and M. F. Land. 1967. Eye of the cockle Cardium edule: Anatomical and physiological investigations. Experientia 23: 677-678.
5. Barber, V. C. and D. E. Wright. 1968. The fine structure of the eye and optic tentacle of the mollusc Cardium edule. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 34: 515-528.
6. Bebenek, I. G., R. D. Gates, J. Morris, V. Hartenstein, and D. K. Jacobs. 2004. sine oculis in basal Metazoa. Development Genes and Evolution 214: 342-351,
7. Bell, A. L. and G. J. Mpitsos. 1968. Morphology of the eye of the flame fringe clam, Lima scabra. Biological Bulletin 135: 414-415.
8. Beninger, P. G., A. Donval, and M. Le Pennec. 1995. The osphradium in Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten maximus (Bivalvia, Pectinidae): Histology, ultrastructure, and implications for spawning synchronisation. Marine Biology 123: 121-129.
9. Bonini, N. M., Q. T. Bui, G. L. Gray-Board, and J. M. Warrick. 1997. The Drosophila eyes absent gene directs ectopic eye formation in a pathway conserved between flies and vertebrates. Development 124: 4819-4826.
10. Braun, R. 1954. Zum Lichtsinn augenlöser Muscheln. Zooloogische Jahrbuchen, Abteilung fucombining double acute accentr Allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere 65: 194-208 [In German].
11. Cheyette, B. N. R., P. J. Green, K. Martin, H. Garren, and V. Hartenstein. 1994. The Drosophila sine oculis locus encodes a homeodomain-containing protein required for the development of the entire visual system. Neuron 12: 977-996.
12. Cole, H. A. 1938. The fate of the larval organs in the metamorphosis of Ostrea edulis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 22: 469-484.
13. Cragg, S. M. and D. J. Crisp. 1991. The biology of scallop larvae. In: S. E. Shumway, ed., Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture of Scallops. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Pp. 75-132.
14. Dakin, W. J. 1909. Pecten. Liverpool Marine Biological Committee Memoirs No. XVII. Williams and Norgate, London.
15. Dakin, W. J. 1910. The eye of Pecten. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 55: 49-112.
16. Dakin, W. J. 1928. The eyes of Pecten, Spondylus, Amussium and allied lamellibranchs with a short discussion on their evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B) 103: 355-365.
17. Dawkins, R. 1997. Climbing Mount Improbable. Penguin Books, London.
18. Fankboner, P. V. 1981. Siphonal eyes of giant clams (Bivalvia: Tridacnidae) and their relationship to adjacent zooxanthellae. The Veliger 23: 245-249.
19. Gaten, E. 1998. Optics and phylogeny: Is there an insight? The evolution of superimposition eyes in the Decapoda (Crustacea). Contributions to Zoology 67: 223-235.
20. Gehring, W. J. 2001. The genetic control of eye development and its implications for the evolution of various eye-types. Zoology 104: 171-183.
21. Gehring, W. J. and K. Ikeo. 1999. Pax6: Mastering eye morphogenesis and eye evolution. Trends in Genetics 15: 371-377.
22. Giribet, G. and D. L. Distel. 2004. Bivalve phylogeny and molecular data. In: C. Lydeard and D. R. Lindberg, eds., Molecular Systematics and Phylogeography of Mollusks. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C. and London. Pp. 45-90.
23. Halder, G., P. Callerts, S. Flister, U. Waldorf, U. Kloter, and W. Gehring. 1998. Eyeless initiates the expression of both sine oculis and eyes absent during Drosophila compound eye development. Development 125: 2181-2191.
24. Hanlon, R. T. and J. B. Messenger. 1996. Cephalopod Behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
25. Hassan, J., M. Busto, B. Iyengar, and A. R. Campos. 2000. Behavioral characterization and genetic analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster larval response to light as revealed by a novel individual assay. Behavior Genetics 30: 5-69.
26. Haszprunar, G. 1985. The fine structure of the abdominal sense organs of Pteriomorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Journal of Molluscan Studies 51: 315-319.
27. Hesse, R. 1897. Untersuchungen uber die Organe der Lichtempfindung bei niederen Thieren. II. Die Augen der Plathelminthen. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 62: 527-582 [In German].
28. Hodgson, C. A. and R. D. Burke. 1988. Development and larval morphology of the spiny scallop, Chlamys hastata. Biological Bulletin 174: 303-318.
29. Kennedy, D. 1960. Neural photoreception in a lamellibranch mollusc. Journal of General Physiology 44: 277-299.
30. Land, M. F. 1965. Image formation by a concave reflector in the eye of the scallop, Pecten maximus. Journal of Physiology 179: 138-153.
31. Land, M. F. 1966. Activity in the optic nerve in Pecten maximus in response to changes in light intensity, and to pattern and movement in the optical environment. Journal of Experimental Biology 45: 83-99.
32. Land, M. F. and D. E. Nilsson. 2002. Animal Eyes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
33. Light, V. E. 1930. Photoreceptors in Mya arenaria, with special reference to their distribution, structure, and function. Journal of Morphology and Physiology 49: 1-41.
34. Morton, B. 1973. The biology and morphology of Laternula truncata (Lamarck, 1818) (Bivalvia: Pandoracea). Biological Bulletin 145: 509-531.
35. Morton, B. 1976. The biology, ecology and functional morphology of the organs of feeding and digestion of the S.E. Asian mangrove bivalve, Enigmonia aenigmatica (Mollusca: Anomiacea). Journal of Zoology 179: 437-466.
36. Morton, B. 1978. The biology and functional morphology of Philobrya munita (Bivalvia: Philobryidae). Journal of Zoology 185: 173-196.
37. Morton, B. 1980. Swimming in Amusium pleuronectes (Bivalvia: Pectinidae). Journal of Zoology 190: 375-404.
38. Morton, B. 1982. Functional morphology of Bathyarca pectunculoides (Bivalvia: Arcidae) from a deep Norwegian fjord with a discussion of the mantle margin in the Arcoidea. Sarsia 67: 269-282.
39. Morton, B. 1987. The pallial photophores of Barbatia virescens (Bivalvia: Arcacea). Journal of Molluscan Studies 53: 241-243.
40. Morton, B. 1993. The biology and functional morphology of Leptopecten latiauratus (Conrad, 1837): An opportunistic scallop. The Veliger 37: 5-22.
41. Morton, B. 1995. The biology and functional morphology of Pteria brevialata (Bivalvia: Pterioidea) associated with gorgonians in Hong Kong. Journal of Zoology 236: 223-241.
42. Morton, B. 1996. The biology and functional morphology of Minnivola pyxidatus (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea) in Hong Kong. Journal of Zoology 240: 735-760.
43. Morton, B. 2000a. The pallial eyes of Ctenoides floridanus (Bivalvia: Limidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 66: 449-455.
44. Morton, B. 2000b. The function of pallial eyes within the Pectinidae, with a description of those present in Patinopecten yessoensis. In: E. M. Harper, J. D. Taylor, and A. J. Crame, eds., The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publications 177: 247-255.
45. Morton, B. 2001. The evolution of eyes in the Bivalvia. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 39: 165-205.
46. Morton, B. 2007. The evolution of the watering pot shells (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae and Penicillidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 24: 19-64
47. Morton, B. and M. Peharda 2008. The biology and functional morphology of Arca noae (Bivalvia: Arcidae) from the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, with a discussion on the evolution of the bivalve mantle margin. Acta Zoologica 89: 19-28
48. Nelson, T. C. 1926. Report of the Department of Biology. In: Annual Report of the New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station for 1925. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Pp. 281-288.
49. Nilsson, D. E. 1994. Eyes as optical alarm systems in fan worms and ark clams. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 346: 195-212.
50. Oakley, T. H. 2003. On homology of arthropod compound eyes. Integrative and Comparative Biology 43: 522-530.
51. Patten, W. 1886. Eyes of molluscs and arthropods. Mitteilungen auf den Zoologischen Station zu Neapel 6: 542-756.
52. Pignoni, F., B. Hu, K. H. Zavitz, J. Xiao, P. A. Garrity, and S. L. Zipursky. 1997. The eye-specification proteins So and Eya form a complex and regulate multiple steps in Drosophila eye development. Cell 91: 881-891.
53. Serb, J. M. 2008. Toward developing models to study the disease, ecology, and evolution of the eye in Mollusca. American Malacological Bulletin 26: 3-18.
54. Shen, W. and G. Mardon. 1997. Ectopic eye development in Drosophila induced by directed dachshund expression. Development 124: 45-52.
55. Stasek, C. R. 1965. Behavioral adaptation of the giant clam Tridacna maxima to the presence of grazing fishes. The Veliger 6: 91-97.
56. Thompson, D. W. 1942. On Growth and Form. Macmillan, New York.
57. Waller, T. R. 1980. Scanning electron microscopy of shell and mantle in the order Arcoida (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 313: 1-58.
58. Waller, T. R. 1981. Functional morphology and development of veliger larvae of the European oyster, Ostrea edulis Linne. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 328: 1-70.
59. Weber, F. L. 1909. Ucombining double acute accentber Sinnesorgane des genus Cardium. Arbeiten aus der Zoologischen Instituten der Universität Wien unter derr Zoologische Station in Trieste 17: 187-220 [In German].
60. Wells, M. 1968. Lower Animals. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
61. Wilkens, L. A. 1986. The visual system of the giant clam Tridacna: Behavioral adaptations. Biological Bulletin 170: 393-408.
62. Yonge, C. M. 1936. Mode of life, feeding, digestion and symbiosis with zooxanthellae in the Tridacnidae. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929. 1: 283-321.
63. Yonge, C. M. 1982. Mantle margins with a revision of siphonal types in the Bivalvia. Journal of Molluscan Studies 48: 102-103.
64. Young, J. Z. 1971. The Anatomy of the Nervous System of Octopus vulgaris. Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.
65. Zaixso, H. E. 2003. Nervous system and receptors in the ribbed mussel, Aulacomya atra atra (Bivalvia Mytilidae). Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia 38: 43-56.