U-PB ages of detrital zircons in relation to paleogeography: Triassic paleodrainage networks and sediment dispersal across southwest Laurentia

Journal of Sedimentary Research

Volumn 78, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 745-764

  Dickinson, William R ^a   Gehrels, George E ^a  

^a The University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BINARY ALLOYS; LEAD ALLOYS; SEDIMENTS; ZIRCON;

COLORADO PLATEAU; DETRITAL ZIRCON; DETRITAL ZIRCON GRAINS; DYNAMIC SUBSIDENCES; FLUVIAL SYSTEMS; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; SEDIMENT DISPERSAL; SEDIMENT SOURCES;

SILICATE MINERALS;

ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CAMBRIAN; DETRITAL DEPOSIT; FORELAND BASIN; PALEOCURRENT; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; TRIASSIC; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; ZIRCON;

BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE; GREAT BASIN; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

POPULUS;

EID: 58149333465     PISSN: 15271404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2008.088     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. AMIDON, W.H., BURBANK, D.W., AND GEHRELS, G.E., 2005, Construction of detrital mineral populations: Insights from mixing of U-Pb zircon ages in Himalayan Rivers: Basin Research, v. 17, p. 463-485.
2. ANDERSON, C.E., 2006, U-Pb ages of detrital zircons in the Holbrook Member of the Moenkopi Formation near Winslow, Arizona (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs, v. 38, no. 5, p. 10.
3. ANDERSON, J.L., 1983, Proterozoic anorogenic granite plutanism of North America, in Medaris, L.G. Jr., Byers, CW., Mickelson, D.M., and Shanks, W.C., eds., Proterozoic Geology: Selected Papers from an International Proterozoic Symposium: Geological Society of America, Memoir 161, p. 133-154.
4. BALDWIN, E.J., 1973, the Moenkopi Formation of north-central Arizona: An interpretation of ancient environments based on sedimentary structures and stratification types: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 43, p, 92-106.
5. BARTH, A.P., AND WOODEN, J.L., 2006, Timing of magmatism following initial convergence at a passive margin, Southwestern U.S. Cordillera, and ages of lower crustal magma sources: Journal of Geology, v. 114, p. 231-245.
6. BILLINGSLEY, G.H., AND WORKMAN, J.B., 2000, Geologic map of the Littlefield 30′ × 60′ quadrangle, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Investigations Series 1-2628, scale 1:100,000.
7. BLAKEY, R.C., 1973, Stratigraphy and origin of the Moenkopi Formation (Triassic) of southeastern Utah: Mountain Geologist, v. 10, p. 1-17.
8. BLAKEY, R.C., 1974, Stratigraphic and depositional analysis of the Moenkopi Formation, southeastern Utah: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin 104, 81 p.
9. BLAKEY, R.C., 1989, Triassic and Jurassic geology of the southern Colorado Plateau, in Jenney, J.P., and Reynolds, S.J., eds., Geologic Evolution of Arizona: Arizona Geological Society, Digest 17, p. 369-396.
10. BLAKEY, R.C., AND GUBITOSA, R., 1983, Late Triassic paleogeography and depositional history of the Chinle Formation, southern Utah and Dorthem Arizona, in Reynolds, M.W., and Dolly, E.D., eds., Mesozoic Paleogeography of the West-Central United States, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Rocky Mountain Section, Rocky Mountain Paleogeography Symposium 2, p. 57-76.
11. BLAKEY, R.C., AND GUBITOSA, R., 1984, Controls of sandstone body geometry and architecture in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic), Colorado Plateau: Sedimentary Geology, v. 38, p. 51-86.
12. BLAKEY, R.C., AND MIDDLETON, L.T., 1986, Triassic-Jurassic continental systems, northern Arizona, in Nations, J.D., Conway, C.M., and Swann, G.A., eds., Geology of Central and Northern Arizona: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, Geology Department, p. 93-110.
13. BLAKEY, R.C., BASHAM, E.L., AND COOK, M.J., 1993, Early and Middle Triassic paleogeography of the Colorado Plateau and vicinity, in Morales, M., ed., Aspects of Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Colorado Plateau: Museum of Northern Arizona, Bulletin 59, p. 13-26.
14. BLODGETT, R.H., 1988, Calcareous paleosols in the Triassic Dolores Formation, southwestern Colorado, in Reinhardt, J., and Sigleo, W.R., eds., Paleosols and Weathering through Geologic Time: Principles and Applications: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 216, p. 103-121.
15. BRACK, P., RIEBER, H., NICORA, A., AND MUNDIL, R., 2005, The global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (southern Alps, northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale: Episodes, v. 28, p. 233-244.
16. BROWN, R.A., AND NORTON, M.B., 2005, Detrital zircons in the Gartra Member of the Chinle Formation in northern Utah: Implications for Upper Triassic paleodrainage patterns (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 374, p. 46.
17. CAWOOD, P.A., NEMCHIN, A.S., FREEMAN, M., AND SIRCOMBE, K., 2003, Linking source and sedimentary basin: Detrital zircon record of sediment flux along a modern river system and implications for provenance studies: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 210, p. 259-268.
18. CAZEAU, C.J., 1960, Cross-bedding dip directions in Upper Triassic sandstones of West Texas: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 30, p. 459-463.
19. DECELLES, P.G., GEHRELS, G.E., NAJMAN, Y., MARTIN, A.J., CARTER, A., AND GARZANTI, E., 2004, Detrital geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous-early Miocene strata of Nepal: implications for timing and diachroneity of initial Himalayan orogenesis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 227, p. 313-330.
20. DICKINSON, W.R., 2002, The Basin and Range Province as a composite extensional domain: International Geology Review, v. 44, p. 1-38.
21. DICKINSON, W.R., 2005, Redbed paleomagnetism and Mesozoic paleolatitude of the Colorado Plateau: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 377, p. 362.
22. DICKINSON, W.R., 2006, Geotectonic evolution of the Great Basin: Geosphere, v. 2, p. 353-368.
23. DICKINSON, W.R., 2008, Potential impact of differential zircon fertility of granitoid source rocks on Cordilleran detrital zircon populations (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs, v. 401, p. 78.
24. DICKINSON, W.R., AND LAWTON, T.F., 2001, Carboniferous to Cretaceous assembly and fragmentation of Mexico: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 113, p. 1142-1160.
25. DICKINSON, W.R., GEHRELS, G.E., FOX, J.D., STAIR, K.N., ANDERSON, C.E., OJHA, J., BROWN, R.A., NORTON, M.B., RIGGS, N.R., AND LEHMAN, T.H., 2007, Sediment dispersal in Triassic fluvial systems of southwest Laurentia: Insights from U-Pb ages of detrital zircon grains (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 396, p. 235.
26. DOELLING, H.H., AND WILLIS, G.C., 2006, Geologic map of the Smoky Mountain 30′ × 60′ quadrangle, Kane and San Juan Counties, Utah and Coconino County, Arizona: Utah Geological Survey, Map 213, scale 1:100,000.
27. DOELLING, H.H., ROSS, M.L., AND MULVEY, W.E., 2002, Geologic map of the Moab 7.5′ quadrangle, Grand County, Utah: Utah Geological Survey, Map 181, scale 1:24,000.
28. DUBIEL, R.F., 1987, Sedimentology and new fossil occurrences of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, southeastern Utah, in Campbell, J.A., ed., Geology of Cataract Canyon and Vicinity, Four Corners Geological Society, 10th Field Conference, p. 99-107.
29. DUBIEL, R.F., 1989a, Depositional and climatic setting of the Upper Triassic Chinte Formation, Colorado Plateau, in Lucas, S.G., and Hunt, A.P., eds., Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest: Santa Fe, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, p. 171-187.
30. DURIEL, R.F., 1989b, Depositional environments of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in the eastern San Juan basin and vicinity, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1808-B, p. B1-B22.
31. DUBIEL, R.F., 1991, Architectural-facies analysis of nonmarine depositional systems in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, southeastern Utah, in Miall, A.D., and Tyler, N., eds., The Three-Dimensional Facies Architecture of Terrigenous Clastic Sediments and Its Implications for Hydrocarbon Discovery and Recovery: SEPM, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, v. 3, p. 103-110.
32. DUBIEL, R.F., 1992, Sedimentology and depositional history of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in the Uinta, Piceance, and Eagle basins, northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1787-W, p. W1-W25.
33. DUBIEL, R.F., 1994, Triassic deposystems, paleogeography, and paleoclimate of the western interior, in Caputo, M.V., Peterson, J.A., and Franczyk, K.J., eds., Mesozoic Systems of the Rocky Mountain Region, USA: SEPM, Rocky Mountain Section, p. 133-168.
34. DUBIEL, R.F., PARRISH, J.T., PARRISH, J.M., AND GOOD, S.C., 1991, The Pangaean megamonsoon - evidence from the Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau: Palaios, v. 6, p. 347-370.
35. DUBIEL, R.F., SKIPP, G., AND HASIOTIS, S.T., 1992, Continental depositional environments and tropical paleosols in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Eagle basin, western Colorado, in Flores, R.M., ed., Mesozoic of the Western Interior: SEPM, Rocky Mountain Section, p. 21-37.
36. DUBIEL, R.F., HUNTOON, J.E., STANESCO, J.D., CONDON, S.M., AND MICKELSON, D., 1996, Permian-Triassic depositional systems, paleogeography, paleoclimate, and hydrocarbon resources in Canyonlands, Utah: Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report 964 [Field Trip No. 5], 23 p.
37. FOX, J.D., STAIR, K.N., AND LEHMAN, T.M., 2005, Detrital zircons in Upper Triassic strata of the Upper Chinle and Dockum Groups, New Mexico and Texas (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs, v. 374, p. 46.
38. FOX, J.D., ANDERSON, C., STAIR, K., AND DICKINSON, W.R., 2006, Provenance contrasts revealed by U-Pb age populations of detrital zircons in Chinle sandstones of the Four Corners region, southwest US (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs, v. 385, p. 10.
39. GEHRELS, G.E., 2000, Introduction to detrital zircon studies of Paleozoic and Triassic strata in western Nevada and northern California, in Soreghan, M.J., and Gehrels, G.E., eds., Paleozoic and Triassic Paleogeography and Tectonics of Western Nevada and Northern California: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 347, p. 1-17.
40. GEHRELS, G.E., AND DICKINSON, W.R., 1995, Detrital zircon provenance of Cambrian to Triassic miogeoclinal and eugeoctinat strata in Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 295, p. 1848.
41. GEHRELS, G.E., VALENCIA, V., AND PULLEN, A., 2006, Detrital zircon geochronology by Laser-Ablation Multicollector ICPMS at the Arizona LaserChron Center, in Loszewski, T., and Huff, W., eds., Geochronology: Emerging Opportunities, Paleontology Society Short Course, Paleontology Society Papers, v. 11, 10 p.
42. GLEASON, J.D., GEHRELS, G.E., DICKINSON, W.R., PATCHETT, P.J., AND KRING, D.A., 2007, Laurentian sources for detrital zircon grains in turbidite and deltaic sandstones of the Pennsylvanian Haymond Formation, Marathon assemblage, West Texas: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 77, p. 888-900.
43. GOOD, S.C., PARRISH, J.M., AND DUBIEL, R.F., 1987, Paleoenvironmental implications of sedimentology and paleontology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, southeastern Utah, in Campbell, J.A., ed., Geology of Cataract Canyon and Vicinity, Four Corners Geological Society, 10th Field Conference, p. 117-118.
44. GRADSTEIN, F., OGG, J., AND SMITH, A., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale: London, Cambridge University Press, 589 p.
45. HAM, W.E., DENISON, R.E., AND MERRITT, C.A., 1964, Basement rocks and structural evolution of southern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin 95, 302 p.
46. HARDENBOL, J., THIERRY, J., FARLEY, M.B., JACQUIN, T., DE GRACIANSKY, P.-C., AND VAIL, P.R., 1998, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence stratigraphic chart, in de Graciansky, P.-C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T., and Vail, P.R., eds., Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins: SEPM, Special Publication 60, Chart 1.
47. HARSHBARGER, J.W., REPENNING, C.A., AND IRWIN, J.H., 1957, Stratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic and the Jurassic rocks of the Navajo country: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 291, 74 p.
48. HAZEL, J.E, J.R., 1994, Sedimentary response to intrabasinal salt tectonisin in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Paradox basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 2000-F, p. F1-F34.
49. HECKERT, A.B., AND LUCAS, S.G., 1996, Stratigraphic description of the Tr-4 unconformity in west-central New Mexico and eastern Arizona: New Mexico Geology, v. 18, p. 61-70.
50. HECKERT, A.B., AND LUCAS, S.G., 2002, Revised Upper Triassic stratigraphy of the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, U.S.A., in Heckert, A.B., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Upper Triassic Stratigraphy and Paleontology: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 21, p. 1-36.
51. HECKERT, A.B., AND LUCAS, S.G., 2003, Triassic stratigraphy in the Zuni Mountains, west-central New Mexico, in Lucas, S.G., Serriken, S.C., Berglof, W.R., and Ulmer-Scholle, D.S., eds., Geology of the Zuni Plateau, New Mexico Geological Society, 54th Annual Field Conference, p. 245-262.
52. HECKERT, A.B., LUCAS, S.G., AND HUNT, A.P., 2005, Triassic vertebrate fossils in Arizona, in Heckert, A.B., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Vertebrate Paleontology in Arizona: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 29, p. 16-44.
53. HOGAN, J.P., AND GILBERT, M.C., 1998, The southern Oklahoma aulacogen: A Cambrian analog for mid-Proterozoic AMCG (anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite) complexes?, in Hogan, J.P., and Gilbert, M.C., eds., Central North America and Other Regions: Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, Basement Tectonics 12, p. 39-78.
54. HOY, R.G., AND RIDGWAY, K.D., 2002, Syndepositional thrust-related deformation and sedimentation in an Ancestral Rocky Mountains basin, Central Colorado trough, Colorado, USA: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 114, p. 804-828.
55. HUNTOON, J.E., DUBIEL, R.F., AND STANESCO, J.D., 1994, Tectonic influence on development of the Permian-Triassic unconformity and basal Triassic strata, Paradox basin, southeastern Utah, in Caputo, M.V., Peterson, J.A., and Franczyk, K.J., eds., Mesozoic Systems of the Rocky Mountain Region, USA: SEPM, Rocky Mountain Section, p. 109-131.
56. JOHNSON, K.S., 1989, Geologic evolution of the Anadarko basin, in Johnson, K.S., ed., Anadarko Basin Symposium, 1988, Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 90, p. 3-12.
57. KOCUREK, G., AND DOTT, R.H, JR., 1983, Jurassic paleogeography and paleoclimate of the central and southern Rocky Mountains region, in Reynolds, M.W., and Dolly, E.D., eds., Mesozoic Paleogeography of the West-Central United States: SEPM, Rocky Mountain Section, Rocky Mountain Paleogeography Symposium 2, p. 101-116.
58. KOMAR, P.D., 2007, The entrainment, transport, and sorting of heavy minerals by waves and currents, in Mange, M.A., and Wright, D.T., eds., Heavy Minerals in Use: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Sedinientology 58, p. 3-48.
59. KRAUS, M.J., AND MIDDLETON, L.T., 1987, Dissected paleotopography and base-level changes in a Triassic fluvial sequence: Geology, v. 15, p. 18-21.
60. KROGH, T.E., KAMO, S.L., SHARPTON, V.L., MAIUN, L.E., AND HILDEBRAND, A.R., 1993, U-Pb ages of single shocked zircons linking distal K/T ejecta to the Chicxulub crater: Nature, v. 366, p. 731-734.
61. LEHMAN, T.M., CHATTERJEE, S., AND SCRABLE, J., 1992, The Cooper Canyon Formation (Late Triassic) of western Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 44, p. 349-355.
62. LUCAS, S.G., 1993, The Chinle Group: Revised stratigraphy and biochronology of Upper Triassic nonmarine strata in the western United States, in Morales, M., ed., Aspects of Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Colorado Plateau: Museum of Northern Arizona, Bulletin 59, p. 27-50.
63. LUCAS, S.G., 1995, Triassic stratigraphy and chronology in New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 17, p. 8-13, 17.
64. LUCAS, S.G., 2001, Abandon the term Dockum!, in Lucas, S.G., and Ulmer-Scholle, D.S., eds., Geology of the Llano Estacado, New Mexico Geological Society, 52nd Annual Field Conference, p. 12-13.
65. LUCAS, S.G., 2004, The Triassic and Jurassic systems in New Mexico, in Mack, G.H., and Giles, K.A., eds., The Geology of New Mexico: A Geologic History: New Mexico Geological Society, Special Publication 11, p. 137-152.
66. LUCAS, S.G., AND HECKERT, A.B., 2003, Deposition of the Upper Triassic Owl Rock Formation, west-central New Mexico, in Lucas, S.G., Scruken, S.C., Berglof, W.R., and Ulmer-Scholle, D.S., eds., Geology of the Zuni Plateau, New Mexico Geological Society, 54th Annual Field Conference, p. 52-53.
67. LUCAS, S.G., AND HECKERT, A.B., 2005, Mesozoic stratigraphy at Durango, Colorado, in Lucas, S.G., Zeigler, K.E., Lueth, VW., and Owen, D.E., eds., Geology of the Chama Basin, New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Annual Field Conference, p. 160-169.
68. LUCAS, S.G., AND HUNT, A.P., 1992, Triassic stratigraphy and paleontology, Chama basin and adjacent areas, north-central New Mexico, in Lucas, S.G., Kues, B.S., Williamson, T.E., and Hunt, A.P., eds., San Juan Basin IV, New Mexico Geological Society, 43rd Annual Field Conference, p. 151-172.
69. LUCAS, S.G., AND MARZOLF, J.E., 1993, Stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of Upper Triassic strata in Nevada, in Dunne, G.C., and McDougall, K.A., eds., Cenozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States - II: Los Angeles, SEPM, Pacific Section, Book 71, p. 375-388.
70. LUCAS, S.G., AND ORCHARD, M.J., 2007, Triassic lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy north of Currie, Elko County, Nevada, in Lucas, S.G., and Spielmann, J.A., eds., Triassic of the American West: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 40, p. 119-126.
71. LUCAS, A.G., AND SCHOCH, R.R., 2002, Triassic temilospondyl biostratigraphy, biochronology and correlation of the German Buntsandstein and North American Moenkopi Formation: Lethaia, v. 35, p. 97-106.
72. LUCAS, S.G., HECKERT, A.B., ESTEP, J.W., AND ANDERSON, O.J., 1997, Stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, Four Comers region, in Anderson, O.J., Kues, B.S., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Four Corners Region, New Mexico Geological Society, 48th Annual Field Conference, p. 81-107.
73. LUCAS, S.G., HECKERT, A.B., AND HUNT, A.P., 2001, Triassic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and correlation in east-central New Mexico, in Lucas, S.G., and Ulmer-Scholle, D.S., eds., Geology of the Llano Estacado, New Mexico Geological Society, 52nd Annual Field Conference, p. 85-102.
74. LUCAS, S.G., ZEIGLER, K.E., HECKERT, A.B., AND HUNT, A.P., 2005, Review of Upper Triassic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy in the Chama basin, northern New Mexico, in Lucas, S.G., Zeigler, K.E., Lueth, V.W., and Owen, D.E., eds., Geology of the Chama Basin, New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Annual Field Conference, p. 170-181.
75. LUCAS, S.G., GOODSPEED, T.H., AND ESTEP, J.W., 2007a, Ammonoid biostratigraphy of the Lower Triassic Sinbad Formation, cast-central Utah, in Lucas, S.G., and Spielmann, J.A., eds., Triassic of the American West: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 40, p. 103-108.
76. LUCAS, S.G., KRAINER, K., AND MILNER, A.R.C., 2007b, The type section and age of the Timpoweap Member and stratigraphic nomenclature of the Triassic Moenkopi Group in Southwestern Utah, in Lucas, S.G., and Spielmann, J.A., eds., Triassic of the American West: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 40, p. 109-117.
77. LUDWIG, K.R., 2003, Isoplot 3.00: Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication 4, 70 p.
78. LUPE, R., AND SILBERLING, N.J., 1985, Genetic relationships between lower Mesozoic continental strata of the Colorado Plateau and marine strata of the western Great Basin: Significance for accretionary history of Cordilleran lithotectonic terranes, in Howell, D.G., ed., Tectonostratigraphic Terranes of the Circum-Pacific Region, Houston, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Series No. 1, p. 263-271.
79. MATTHEWS, W., HAMPSON, G., TRUDGILL, B., AND UNDERHILL, J., 2004, Impact of salt movement on fluvio-lacustrine stratigraphy and facies architecture: Late Triassic Chinle Formation, northern Paradox basin, southeast Utah, USA, in Post, P.J., et al. (2004). Salt-Sediment Interactions and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity: Concepts, Applications and Case Studies for the 21st Century: SEPM, Gulf Coast Section, 24th Annual Bob F. Perkins Research Conference, Proceedings (CD-ROM), p. 931-964.
80. MCBRIDE, E.F., 1963, A classification of common sandstones: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 33, p. 664-669.
81. MCCORMICK, C.D., AND PICARD, M.D., 1969, Petrology of Gartra Formation (Triassic), Uinta Mountains area, Utah and Colorado: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, p. 1484-1508.
82. MITROVICA, J.X., BEAUMONT, C., AND JARVIS, J.T., 1989, Tilting of continental interiors by the dynamical effects of subduction: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 1079-1094.
83. NESSE, W.D., 2007, A new map of late Paleozoic uplifts in Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, and adjacent areas (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs, v. 395, 44 p.
84. O'SULLIVAN, R.B., 1997, Triassic rocks of the San Juan basin of New Mexico and adjacent areas, in Fassett, J.E., ed., San Juan Basin III, northwestern New Mexico, New Mexico Geological Society, 28th Annual Field Conference, p. 139-146.
85. PIPIRINGOS, G.N., AND O'SULLIVAN, R.B., 1978, Principal unconformities in Triassic and Jurassic rocks, western interior United States - a preliminary survey, U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1035-A, p. A1-A29.
86. PRESS, W.H., FLANNERY, B.P., TENKOLSKY, S.A., AND VETTERLING, W.T., 1986. Numerical Recipes: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 818 p.
87. REED, J.C, JR., 1993, Map of the Precambrian rocks of the conterminous United States and some adjacent parts of Canada, in Reed, J.C, Jr., Bickford, M.E., Houston, T.S., Link, P.K., Rankin, D.W., Sims, P.K., and Van Schmus, W.R., eds., Precambrian: Conterminous United States: Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. C-2, Plate 1, scale 1:5,000,000.
88. REIF, D.M., AND SLATT, R.M., 1979, Red bed members of the Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation, southern Nevada: sedimentology and paleogeography of a muddy tidal flat deposit: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, p. 869-890.
89. REYNOLDS, S.J., AND SPENCER, J.E., 1989, Pre-Tertiary rocks and structures in the upper plate of the Buckskin detachment fault, west-central Arizona, in Spencer, J.E., and Reynolds, S.J., eds., Geology and Mineral Resources of the Buckskin and Rawhide Mountains, West-Central Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey, Bulletin 198, p. 67-102.
90. RIGGS, N.R., LEHMAN, T.M., GEHRELS, G.E., AND DICKINSON, W.R., 1996, Detrital zircon link between headwaters and tern-Iinus of the Upper Triassic Chinle-Dockum, paleoriver system: Science, v. 273, p. 97-100.
91. SABLE, E.G., AND HEREFORD, R., 2004, Geologic map of the Kanab 30′ × 60′ quadrangle, Utah and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Investigations Series 1-2655, scale 1:100,000.
92. SALVADOR, A., 1991, Triassic-Jurassic, in Salvador, A., ed., The Gulf of Mexico Basin: Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. J, p. 131-180.
93. SHAW, C.A., AND KARLSTROM, K.E., 1999, The Yavapai-Mazatzal crustal boundary in the southern Rocky Mountains: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 34, p. 37-52.
94. SOEGARD, K., 1990, Fan-delta and braid-delta systems in Pennsylvanian Sandia Formation, Taos Trough, northern New Mexico: Depositional and tectonic implications: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 102, p. 1325-1343.
95. SPIELMANN, J.A., LUCAS, S.G., AND HECKERT, A.B., 2007, Tetrapod fauna of the Upper Triassic (Revueltian) Owl Rock Formation, Chinle Group, Arizona, in Lucas, S.G., and Spielmann, J.A., eds., The Global Triassic: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 41, p. 371-383.
96. STACEY, J.S., AND KRAMERS, J.D., 1975, Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 26, p. 207-221.
97. STAIR, K.N., FOX, J.D., LEHMAN, T., RIGGS, N., AND GLEASON, J.D., 2005, Detrital zircons in Upper Triassic strata of the Lower Chinle and Dockurn Groups, New Mexico and Texas (abstract): Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs, v. 374, p. 45.
98. STEINER, M.B., AND WALKER, J.D., 1996, Late Silurian plutons in Yucatán: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 17,727-17,735.
99. STEWART, J.H., 1957, Proposed nomenclature of part of Upper Triassic strata in southeastern Utah: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 41, p. 441-465.
100. STEWART, J.H., 1959, Stratigraphic relations of the Hoskinnim Member (Triassic) of Moenkopi Formation on Colorado Plateau: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 43, p. 1852-1868.
101. STEWART, J.H., 1980, Geology of Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 4, 136 p.
102. STEWART, J.H., POOLE, F.G., AND WILSON, R.F., 1972a, Stratigraphy and origin of the Chinle Formation and related Upper Triassic strata in the Colorado Plateau region: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 690, 336 p.
103. STEWART, J.H., POOLE, F.G., AND WILSON, R.F., 1972b, Stratigraphy and origin of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation and related strata in the Colorado Plateau region: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 691, 195 p.
104. STEWART, J.H., GEHRELS, G.E., BARTH, A.P., LINK, P.K., CHRISTIE-BLICK, N., AND WRUCKE, C.T., 2001, Detrital zircon provenance of Mesoproterozoic to Cambrian arenites in the western United States and northwestern Mexico: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 113, p. 1343-1356.
105. TANNER, L.H., 2000, Palustrine-lacustrine and alluvial facies of the (Norian) Owl Rock Formation (Chinle Group), Four Corners region, Southwestern U.S.A.: Implications for Late Triassic paleoclimate: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, p. 1280-1289.
106. TANNER, L.H., 2003, Pedogenic features of the Chinle Group, Four Corners region: Evidence of Late Triassic aridification, in Lucas, S.G., Sernken, S.C., Berglof, W.R., and Uhner-Scholle, D.S., eds., Geology of the Zuni Plateau, New Mexico Geological Society, 54th Annual Field Conference, p. 269-280.
107. VEEVERS, J.J., SAEED, A., BELOUSOVA, E.A., AND GRIFFIN, W.L., 2005, U-Pb ages and source composition by Hf-isotope and trace-element analysis of detrital zircons in Permian sandstone and modem sand from Southwestern Australia and a review of the paleogeographical and demulational history of the Yilgam craton: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 68, p. 245-279.
108. VERMEESCH, P., 2004, How many grains are needed for a provenance study?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 224, p. 441-451.
109. VIELE, G.W., AND THOMAS, W.A., 1989, Tectonic synthesis of the Ouachita orogenic belt, in Hatcher, R.D, JR, Thomas, W.W., and Viele, G.W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States: Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 695-728.
110. WALKER, J.D., BERRY, A.K., DAVIS, P.J., ANDREW, J.E., AND MITSDARFER, J.M., 2002, Geologic map of the northern Mojave Desert and Southwestern Basin and Range, California, in Glazner, A.F., Walker, J.D., and Bartley, J.M., eds., Geologic Evolution of the Mojave Desert and Southwestern Basin and Range: Geological Society of America, Memoir 195, scale 1:250,000.