Avulsion fractures of the knee: Imaging findings and clinical significance

Radiographics

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1755-1770

  Gottsegen, Christopher J ^a   Eyer, Benjamin A ^a   White, Eric A ^a   Learch, Thomas J ^b   Forrester, Deborah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CEDARS SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FRACTURE; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; KNEE INJURY; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW;

CRITICAL CARE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FRACTURES, BONE; HUMANS; KNEE INJURIES;

EID: 58149277422     PISSN: 02715333     EISSN: 15271323     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1148/rg.286085503     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Segond P. Recherches cliniques et expérimentales sur les épanchements sanguins du genou par entorse. Progres Med 1879;7:297-299, 319-321, 340-341.
2. Dietz GW, Wilcox DM, Montgomery JB. Segond tibial condyle fracture: lateral capsular ligament avulsion. Radiology 1986;159:467-469.
3. Campos JC, Chung CB, Lektrakul N, et al. Pathogenesis of the Segond fracture: anatomic and MR imaging evidence of an iliotibial tract or anterior oblique band avulsion. Radiology 2001;219:381-386.
4. Stevens MA, El-Khoury G, Kathol MH, Brandser EA, Chow S. Imaging features of avulsion injuries. RadioGraphics 1999;19:655-672.
5. Goldman AB, Pavlov H, Rubenstein D. The Segond fracture of the proximal tibia: a small avulsion that reflects major ligamentous damage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;151:1163-1167.
6. Woods GW, Stanley RF Jr, Tullos HS. Lateral capsular sign: x-ray clue to significant knee instability. Am J Sports Med 1979;7:27-33.
7. Weber WN, Neuman CH, Barakos JA, Petersen SA, Steinbach LS, Genant HK. Lateral tibial rim (Segond) fractures: MR imaging characteristics. Radiology 1991;180:731-734.
8. Hall FM, Hochman MG. Medial Segond-type fracture: cortical avulsion of the medial tibial plateau associated with tears of the posterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. Skeletal Radiol 1997;26:553-555.
9. Escobedo EM, Mills WJ, Hunter JC. The "reverse Segond" fracture: association with a tear of the posterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178:979-983.
10. Remer EM, Fitzgerald SW, Friedman H, Rogers LF, Hendrix RW, Schafer MF. Anterior cruciate ligament injury: MR imaging diagnosis and patterns of injury. RadioGraphics 1992;12:901-915.
11. Capps GW, Hayes CW. Easily missed injuries around the knee. RadioGraphics 1994;14:1191-1210.
12. Delzell PB, Schils JP, Recht MP. Subtle fractures about the knee: innocuous-appearing yet indicative of significant internal derangement. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167:699-703.
13. Meyers MH, McKeever FM. Fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1970;52:1677-1684.
14. Kendall NS, Hsu SY, Chan KM. Fracture of the tibial spine in adults and children: a review of 31 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992;74:848-852.
15. Hunter JC, Chapman JR. Isolated avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament: an uncommon dashboard injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:1190.
16. Sonin AH, Fitzgerald SW, Hoff FL, Friedman H, Bresler ME. MR imaging of the posterior cruciate ligament: normal, abnormal, and associated injury patterns. RadioGraphics 1995;15:551-561.
17. Recondo JA, Salvador E, Villanua JA, Barrera MC, Gervas C, Alustiza JM. Lateral stabilizing structures of the knee: functional anatomy and injuries assessed with MR imaging. RadioGraphics 2000; 20(spec issue):S91-S102.
18. Shindell R, Walsh WM, Connolly JF. Avulsion fracture of the fibula: the "arcuate sign" of posterolateral knee instability. Nebr Med J 1984;69: 369-371.
19. Juhng SK, Lee JK, Choi SS, Yoon KH, Roh BS, Won JJ. MR evaluation of the "arcuate" sign of posterolateral knee instability. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178:583-588.
20. O'Brien SJ, Warren RF, Paulov H, Panariello R, Vickiewicz TL. Reconstruction of the chronically insufficient anterior cruciate ligament with the central third of the patella ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73:278-286.
21. Fleming RE, Blatz DJ, McCarroll JR. Posterior problems in the knee: posterior cruciate insufficiency and posterolateral rotatory insufficiency. Am J Sports Med 1981;9:107-113.
22. Hughston JC, Jacobson KE. Chronic posterolateral instability of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985;67:351-359.
23. Huang GS, Yu JS, Munshi M, et al. Avulsion fracture of the head of the fibula (the "arcuate" sign): MR imaging findings predictive of injuries to the posterolateral ligaments and posterior cruciate ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;180:381-387.
24. Towne LC, Blazina ME, Marmor L, Lawrence JF. Lateral compartment syndrome of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1971;76:160-168.
25. Haims AH, Medvecky MJ, Pavlovich R, Katz LD. MR imaging of the anatomy of and injuries to the lateral and posterolateral aspects of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;180:647-653.
26. Hayes CW, Brigido MK, Jamadar DA, Propeck T. Mechanism-based pattern approach to classification of complex injuries of the knee depicted at MR imaging. RadioGraphics 2000;20(spec issue):S121-S134.
27. Seebacher JR, Inglis AE, Marshall JL, Warren RF. The structure of the posterolateral aspect of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1982;64:536-541.
28. Chan KK, Resnick D, Goodwin D, Seeger LL. Posteromedial tibial plateau injury including avulsion fracture of the semimembranosus tendon insertion site: ancillary sign of anterior cruciate ligament tear at MR imaging. Radiology 1999;211:754-758.
29. Yao L, Lee JK. Avulsion of the posteromedial tibial plateau by the semimembranosus tendon: diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology 1989;172:513-514.
30. Vanek J. Posteromedial fracture of the tibial plateau is not an avulsion injury: a case report and experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994;76: 290-292.
31. Bencardino JT, Rosenberg ZS, Brown RR, Hassankhani A, Lustrin ES, Beltran J. Traumatic musculotendinous injuries of the knee: diagnosis with MR imaging. RadioGraphics 2000;20(spec issue):S103-S120.
32. Bates DG, Hresko MT, Jaramillo D. Patellar sleeve fracture: demonstration with MR imaging. Radiology 1994;193:825-827.
33. Osgood RB. Lesions of the tibial tubercle occurring during adolescence. Boston Med Surg J 1903; 148:114-117.
34. Rosenberg ZS, Kawelblum M, Cheung YY, Beltran J, Lehman WB, Grant AD. Osgood-Schlatter lesion: fracture or tendinitis? Scintigraphic, CT, and MR imaging features. Radiology 1992;185:853-858.
35. Ogden JA, Tross RB, Murphy MJ. Fractures of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1980;62:205-215.