Opening education

Science

Volumn 323, Issue 5910, 2009, Pages 89-93

  Smith, Marshall S ^a  

^a GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EDUCATION; EDUCATION POLICY; EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION;

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL; COMPUTER PROGRAM; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT; EDUCATION PROGRAM; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HIGH SCHOOL; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; INTERNET; MATHEMATICS; MIDDLE SCHOOL; ONLINE SYSTEM; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PATENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; PUBLISHING; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; REVIEW; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TEACHING; UNIVERSITY;

COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION, DISTANCE; EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY; HUMANS; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; INTERNET; LIBRARIES, DIGITAL; SOFTWARE; TEACHING MATERIALS; UNIVERSITIES; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 58149270957     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1168018     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. See http://phet.colorado.edu/index.php for science simulations designed by C. Wieman of the University of British Columbia and University of Colorado.
2. See www.ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index. htm for G. Strang's course, which has received over one million visits.
3. The homework site is www.hippocampus.org/.
4. For a recent more extensive treatment of OER, see T. Iiyoshi and M. S. Vijay Kumar, Eds., Opening Up Education (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2008).
5. Not all three rights are available on all OER. Many OER have an attribution requirement, and rights two and three are often restricted to noncommercial use.
6. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation has supported OER, including MIT OCW, since 2001. See www.hewlett.org/.
7. For more about the OCW Consortium, see www.ocwconsortium.org/.
8. Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Paris, France, 2007) p. 9; www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/7/38654317.pdf.
9. L. Lessig, The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World (Random House, New York, 2001).
10. See "Revolutionizing science and engineering through cyberinfrastructure: A report of the National Science Foundation blue-ribbon panel on cyberinfrastructure" (NSF, Arlington, VA, 2003). The panel chair was D. E. Atkins of the University of Michigan. Available online at www.nsf.gov/od/oci/reports/toc.jsp.
11. See Wikipedia Web sites www.wikipedia.org/wiki/modularity and www.wikipedia.org/wiki/extensible.
12. D. E. Atkins, J. S. Brown, A. L. Hammond, A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities (William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Menlo Park, CA, 2007). The authors argue that MIT OCW helped begin a cultural change in higher education from a proprietary position toward a culture of sharing. Available online at www.oerderves.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/a-review-of-the-open- educationalresources-oer-movement_final.pdf.
13. For a more complete treatment of these ideas see M. L. Smith et al., "Open ICT4D" 19 November 2008, International Development Research Center working paper, www.idrc.ca/en/ev-133699-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.
14. Creative Commons has become a nonprofit organization located in San Francisco. See http://creativecommons.org.
15. L. Lessig, The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World (Random House, New York, 2001).
16. J. Howard, Chron. High. Educ. 55, A-12 (2008).
17. www.bloomsburyacademic.com
18. http://cnx.org/
19. www.col.org/colweb/site/pid/100
20. See M. S. Smith, C. M. Casserly, Change 38, 8 (2006).
21. C. M. Christensen, M. B. Horn, C. W. Johnson, Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns (McGraw Hill, New York, 2008).
22. M. Lovett, O. Meyer, C. Thille, J. Interactive Media Ed., http://jime.open.ac.uk/2008/14/jime-2008-14.html (2008).
23. M.S.S. is a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. He has worked at the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation as well as for the U.S. federal government and three major universities. He appreciates the useful comments on earlier versions of this article from E. Kemble, M. L. Smith, C. M. Casserly, B. Alberts, P. Hines, J. O'Day, S. Tracy, and two anonymous reviewers.