Attitudes toward older adults: A reexamination of two major scales

Gerontology and Geriatrics Education

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 139-157

  Iwasaki, Michiko ^a   Jones, James A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b BALL STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ageism; Attitudes; Instrument; Kogan attitudes toward old people scale; Measurement; Reliability; Scale; The aging semantic differential; Validity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; EDUCATION; FEMALE; GERIATRICS; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ATTITUDE; FEMALE; GERIATRICS; HUMANS; MALE; PREJUDICE; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEX FACTORS; STUDENTS; UNIVERSITIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58149214345     PISSN: 02701960     EISSN: 15453847     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02701960802223209     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Bentler, P. M., & Bonnett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
2. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
3. Brown, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 230-258.
4. Butler, R. N. (1969). Age-ism: Another form of bigotry. The Gerontologist, 9, 243-246.
5. Carmines, E., & McIver, J. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: analysis of covariance structures. In G. Bohrnstedt & E. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: current Issues (pp. 65-115). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7. Devellis, R. (1991). Scale development: Theory and application. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8. Drake, J. T. (1958). The aged in American society. New York: Ronald.
9. Gekoski, W. L., Knox, V. J., & Kelly, L. E. (1991). The factor structure of the aging semantic deferential: a failure to replicate Rosencrantz and McNevin. Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 593-595.
10. Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
11. Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. (1988). Relation of sample size to stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 265-275.
12. Hilt, M. L. (1997a). The Kogan attitudes toward old people scale: Is it time for a revision? Psychological Reports, 80, 1372-1374.
13. Hilt, M. L. (1997b). The television news and the elderly persons: Broadcast managers' attitudes toward older adults. New York: Garland.
14. Hilt, M. L., & Lipschultz, J. H. (1999). Reviewing the Kogan Scale: A test of local television news producers' attitudes toward older adults. Educational Gerontology, 25, 143-153.
15. Hinrichsen, G. A., & McMeniman, M. (2002). The impact of geropsychology training. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33, 337-340.
16. Holtzman, J. M., & Beck, J. D., & Kerber, P. E. (1979). Dimensional aspects of attitudes toward the aged [Abstract]. The Gerontologist, 19, 91.
17. Intrieri, R. C., Eye, A. von, & Kelly, J. A. (1995). The aging semantic differential: A confirmatory factor analysis. The Gerontologist, 35, 616-621.
18. Iwasaki, M., Jones, J. A., & White, M. (2008). Attitudes toward older adults: A multidimensional scale. Manuscript in progress.
19. James, L. R., Mulaik, S. A., & Brett, J. M. (1982). Causal analysis: Assumptions, models, and data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
20. Kahana, E., Kinney, J. M., Kercher, K., Kahana, B., Tinslery, V. V., King, C., et al. (1996). Predictors of attitudes toward three target groups of elderly persons: The well, the physically ill, and patient with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Aging and Health, 8, 27-53.
21. Kelly, L. E., Knox, V. J., Gekoski, W. L., & Evans, K. M. (2001). Age-related humor as an indicator of attitudes and perceptions. Journal of Social Psychology, 127, 245-250.
22. Kogan, N. (1961a). Attitudes toward old people in an older sample. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 616-622.
23. Kogan, N. (1961b). Attitudes toward old people: The development of a scale and an examination of correlates. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 44-54.
24. Laditka, S. B., Fischer, M., Laditka J. N., & Segal, D. R. (2004). Attitudes about aging and gender among young, middle age, and college-based students. Educational Gerontology, 30, 403-421.
25. McTavish, D. G. (1971). Perception of old people: A review of research methodologies and findings. The Gerontologist, 11, 90-101.
26. Norman, S., Ishler, K., Ashcraft, L., & Patterson, M. (2000). Continuing education needs in clinical geropsychology: The practitioners' perspective. Clinical Gerontologist, 22, 37-50.
27. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
28. Osgood, C. H., & Suci, G. J. (1955). Factor analysis of meaning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 325-338.
29. Osgood, C. H., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
30. Polizzi, K. G. (1996). Measuring attitudes toward the elderly: A refinement of the aging semantic differential. Dissertation Abstracts International, 57 (6B).
31. Polizzi, K. G. (2003). Assessing attitudes toward the elderly: Polizzi's refined version of the aging semantic deferential. Educational Gerontology, 29, 197-216.
32. Polizzi, K. G., & Millikin, R. J. (2002). Attitudes toward the elderly: Identifying problematic usage of ageist and overextended terminology in research instructions. Educational Gerontology, 28, 367-377.
33. Polizzi, K. G., & Steitz, J. A. (1998). Examining the aging semantic differential: Suggestions for refinement. Educational Gerontology, 24, 207-223.
34. Qualls, S. H. (1998). Training in geropsychology: Preparing to meet the demand. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 29, 23-28.
35. Robb, C., Chen, H., & Haley, W. E. (2002). Ageism in mental health and health care: A critical review. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8, 1-12.
36. Roff, L. L., Klemmack, D. L., Jaskyte, K., Kundrotaite, L., Kimbriene, B., & Macijauskiene, J. (2002). Attitudes of Lithuanian service providers in gerontology education programs: A preliminary study. Educational Gerontology, 28, 577-585.
37. Rosencranz, H. A., & McNevin, T. E. (1969). A factor analysis of attitudes toward the aged. The Gerontologist, 9, 55-59.
38. Schigelone, A. R. S. (2003). How can we ignore the why? A theoretical approach to heath care professionals' attitudes toward older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 40, 31-50.
39. Schimid, J., & Leiman, J. (1957). The development of hierarchical factor solutions. Psychometirika, 22, 53-61.
40. Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (4th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
41. Snyder, J. R. (2005). The influence of instruction on college students' attitudes toward older adults. Gerontology & Geriatric Education, 26(2), 69-79.
42. Thompson, B. (1990). SECONDOR: A program that computes a second-order principal components analysis and various interpretation aids. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50, 575-580.
43. Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
44. Tuckman, J., & Lorge, I. (1953). Attitudes toward old people. Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 249-260.
45. Underwood, D. V., Eklund, S. J., & Whisler, S. (1985). A reexamination of the factor structure of the semantic deferential using a generalized social object. Educational Gerontology, 11, 321-335.
46. Yung, Y. F., Thissen, D., & McLeod, L. D. (1999). On the relationship between the higherorder factor model and the hierarchical factor model. Psychometrika, 64, 113-128.