Development of a psychometric typology of child molesters: Implications for treatment

Journal of Interpersonal Violence

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 307-325

  Mandeville Norden, Rebecca ^a   Beech, Anthony R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Classification; Deviancy; Psychometrics; Sex offenders; Typology

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CLASSIFICATION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; PEDOPHILIA; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIOECONOMICS;

ADULT; AGED; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE, SEXUAL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; PEDOPHILIA; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 58149163336     PISSN: 08862605     EISSN: 15526518     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0886260508316479     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Andrews, D.A., & Bonta, J. (2003). The psychology of criminal conduct (3 rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
3. Beckett, R.C. (1987). The Children and Sex Questionnaire. (Available from Richard Beckett, Room FF39, The Oxford Clinic, Littlemore Health Centre, Sandford Rd., Littlemore, Oxford, OX44XN, UK.
4. Beckett, R.C., & Fisher, D. (1994, November). Assessing victim empathy: A new measure. Paper presented at the 13th annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Molesters, San Francisco.
5. Beech, A., & Ford, H. (2006). The relationship between risk, deviance, treatment outcome and sexual reconviction in a sample of child sexual molesters completing residential treatment for their offending. Psychology, Crime and the Law, 12, 685-701.
6. Beech, A.R. (1998). A psychometric typology of child molesters. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 42, 319-339.
7. Beech, A.R., Erikson, M., Friendship, C., & Hanson, R.K. (2002). Static and dynamic predictors of reconviction. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 153-165.
8. Beech, A.R., & Fisher, D. (2004). Treatment of sexual offenders in prison and probation settings. In H. Kemshaw & G. McIvor (Eds.), Research highlights in social work: Sex offenders: Managing the risk (pp. 137-164). London: Jessica Kingsley.
9. Beech, A.R., Fisher, D., & Beckett, R.C. (1999). An evaluation of the Prison Sex Offender Treatment Programme. Available from the Home Office Web site, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-step3.pdf
10. Beech, A.R., Fisher, D., & Thornton, D. (2003). Risk assessment of sex offenders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 339-352.
11. Bickley, J., & Beech, A.R. (2001). Classifying child molesters: Its relevance to theory and clinical practice. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45, 51-69.
12. Bickley, J., & Beech, A.R. (2002). An empirical investigation of the Ward & Hudson self-regulation model of the sexual offense process with child molesters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 371-393.
13. Blackburn, R. (1993). The psychology of criminal conduct. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
14. Browne, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 66-77.
15. Cohen, M., Seghorn, T., & Calmas, W. (1969). Sociometric study of the sex offender. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74, 249-255.
16. Craig, L.A., Thornton, D., Beech, A.R., & Browne, K.D. (2007). The relationship of statistical and psychological risk markers to sexual reconviction. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 314-329.
17. Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126.
18. Everitt, B.S. (1979). Unresolved problems in cluster analysis. Biometrics, 35, 169-181.
19. Fisher, D., Beech, A.R., & Browne, K.D. (1999). Comparison of sex offenders to non-offenders on selected psychological measures. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 43, 473-491.
20. Hanson, R.K., & Bussière, M.T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 348-362.
21. Hanson, R.K., Morton, K.E., & Harris, A.J.R. (2003). Sexual offender recidivism risk: What we know and what we need to know. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 154-166.
22. Hanson, R.K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. (2004). Predictors of sexual recidivism: An updated meta-analysis (User Report 2004-02). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness.
23. Keltner, A., Marshall, P., & Marshall, W.L. (1981). Measurement and correlation of assertive-ness and social fear in a prison population. Corrective and Social Psychiatry, 27, 41-47.
24. Knight, R.A. (1988). A taxonomic analysis of child molesters. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 528, 2-20.
25. Knight, R.A., & Prentky, R.A. (1990). Classifying sexual offenders: The development and corroboration of taxonomic models. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.), The handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender (pp. 23-49). New York: Plenum.
26. Mandeville-Norden, R., & Beech, A.R. (2004). Community based treatment of sex offenders. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 10, 193-214.
27. Mandeville-Norden, R., Beech, A.R., & Middleton, D. (2006). The development of the Sex Offender Psychometric Scoring System (SOPSSys) for use in the Probation Service. Probation Journal, 53, 71-76.
28. Marshall, P. (1997). The prevalence of convictions for sexual offenses (Research Findings 55). Available from the Home Office Web site, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/r55.pdf
29. Mojena, R. (1977). Hierarchical grouping methods and stopping rules: An evaluation. Computer Journal, 20 (4). 353-363.
30. Nagayama-Hall, G.C., Graham, J.R., & Shepherd, J.B. (1991). Three methods of developing MMPI taxonomies of sex offenders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 2-13.
31. Nichols, H.R., & Molinder, I. (1984). Multiphasic Sex Inventory Manual. (Available from Nichols & Molinder, 437 Bowes Dr., Tacoma, WA 98466)
32. Nowicki, S., & Duke, M. (1984). The Nowicki-Strickland Life Span Scales for Locus of Control. In H. Lefcourt (Ed.), Locus of control (pp. 9-51). New York: Pergamon.
33. Nowicki, S., Jr. (1976). The factor structure of locus of control at three different ages. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 129, 13-17.
34. Nowicki, S., Jr., & Duke, M.P. (1974). A locus of control scale for college as well as non-college adults. Journal of personality Assessment, 38, 136-137.
35. Paulhus, D.L. (1989). Assessing self-deception and impression management in self-reports. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (Reference Manual for Version 6). Unpublished manuscript.
36. Paulhus, D.L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 17-59). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
37. Paulhus, D.L. (1998). Paulhus Deception Scales: User's manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems.
38. Polaschek, D.L.L. (2003). Relapse prevention, offense process models, and the treatment of sexual offenders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 361-367.
39. Russell, D., Peplau, L.A., & Cutrona, C.E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
40. Salter, A.C. (1988). Treating child sex offenders and victims. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
41. Thornton, D. (2002). Constructing and testing a framework for dynamic risk assessment. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, 139-154.
42. Thornton, D. (2005). Scoring guide for Risk Matrix 2000. 7/s. Available from author.
43. Thornton, D., & Beech, A.R. (2002, October). Integrating statistical and psychological factors through the structured risk assessment model. Paper presented at the 21st annual research and treatment conference, Association of the Treatment of Sexual Molesters, Montreal, Canada.
44. Thornton, D., Mann, R., Webster, S., Blud, L., Travers, R., Friendship, C., et al. (2003). Distinguishing and combining risks for sexual and violent recidivism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 225-235.
45. Ward, J. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimise an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 236-244.
46. Ward, T., Bickley, J., Webster, S., Fisher, D., Beech, A.R., & Eldridge, H. (2005). The self-regulation model of the offense and relapse process. Available from the Pacific Psychological Associate Corporation Web site, http://www.pacific-psych.com
47. Ward, T., & Hudson, S.M. (1998). A model of the relapse process in sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 700-725.
48. Webster, S.D. (2005). Pathways to sexual offense recidivism following treatment: An examination of the Ward and Hudson self-regulation model of relapse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1175-1196.
49. Webster, S.D., Mann, R.E., Thornton, D., & Wakeling, H.C. (in press). Further validation of the Short Self-Esteem Scale with sexual offenders. Legal and Criminological Psychology.
50. Yates, P.M., Kingston, D., & Hall, K. (2003, October). Pathways to sexual offending: Validity of Hudson and Ward's (1998) self-regulation model and relationship to static and dynamic risk among treated high risk sexual offenders. Presented at the 22nd annual research and treatment conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Molesters, St. Louis, MO.