Measurement of gas flow rates from small-scale reactions

Organic Process Research and Development

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1299-1304

  Weisenburger, Gerald A ^a   Barnhart, Richard W ^a   Steeno, Gregory S ^b  

^a PFIZER INC   (United States)

^b PFIZER GLOBAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 58149117803     PISSN: 10836160     EISSN: 1520586X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/op800194g     Document Type: Article

References (25)

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7. Available from Chilworth Technology (www.chilworth.com).
8. See www.ritter-app.com.
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13. See www.jkem.com.
14. Spitzer, D. W., Ed. Flow Measurement, 2nd ed.; Practical Guides for Measurement and Control; ISA-The Instumentation, Systems, and Automation Society: Research Triangle Park, NC, 2001.
15. The idea for the concept of using a bag in an enclosure to measure off-gassing came from a private conversation with Dr. Benoit Vanasse and Dr. Geoffrey D'Netto. They use this technique in their laboratory at Sanofi-Aventis.
16. A bellows-type gas meter is available from Ritter that employs a deformable bellows within two twin chambers. Measurement of the gas occurs by filling and emptying these chambers which have a known, constant volume for each cycle. See www.ritter-app.com.
17. 2 flow rate = 93.8 mL/4 min addition = 23.5 mL/min.
18. 2/kg water) was determined using the equation of state from Duan, Z.; Sun, R. Chem. Geol. 2003, 193, 257.
19. The percentage difference is magnified because the heat of reaction is close to zero. The absolute difference is the important comparison. The absolute difference between the measurements and the estimation is very small, 1.3-5 kJ/mol.
20. 2 gas flow.
21. The reported, error for the TG01 meter is ±0.5% across the range of measurement, and the exact value for a particular meter is stated in individual calibration certificates.
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