Determination of PAHs in diesel particulate matter using thermal extraction and solid phase micro-extraction

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 655-662

  Ballesteros, R ^a   Hernandez J J ^a   Lyons, L L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA LA MANCHA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Diesel particulate matter; GC MS; PAHs; Solid phase micro extraction; Thermogravimetric analysis

Indexed keywords

COMPLEX NATURES; DIESEL PARTICLES; DIESEL PARTICULATE MATTER; ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS; EXTRACTION PROCEDURES; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS; GC-MS; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGIES; PAHS; QUANTITATIVE DATUMS; SAMPLE PREPARATIONS; SUBSEQUENT ANALYSES; U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCIES;

AIR FILTERS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; DIESEL ENGINES; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; HYDROCARBONS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; PHASE MEASUREMENT; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

EXTRACTION;

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DIESEL ENGINE; EMISSION; EXTRACTION METHOD; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; PAH; PARTICULATE MATTER; THERMOGRAVIMETRY;

EID: 58149089844     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.015     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Ai J. Quantitation by SPME before reaching a partition equilibrium. In: Pawliszyn J. (Ed). Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (1999), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 22-37
2. California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board (CARB), 1997. Method 429: Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Emissions from Stationary Sources.
3. Chai M., and Pawliszyn J. Analysis of environmental air samples by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Environmental Science and Technology 29 (1995) 693-701
4. Christensen, A., 2003. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Exhaust Emissions from Mobile Sources - Sampling and Determination, Doctoral Thesis. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
5. De Kok T., Driece H., Hogervorst J., and Briedé J. Toxicological assessment of ambient and traffic-related particulate matter: a review of recent studies. Mutation Research 613 (2006) 103-122
6. Durbin T.D., Collins J.R., Norbeck J.M., and Smith M.R. Effects of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and a synthetic diesel on emissions from light heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Environmental Science and Technology 34 (2000) 349-355
7. Durbin T.D., Zhu X., and Norbeck J.M. The effects of diesel particulate filters and a low-aromatic, low-sulfur diesel fuel on emissions for medium-duty diesel trucks. Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 2105-2116
8. Gratz L., Bagley S., Leddy D., Johnson J., Chiu C., and Stommel P. Interlaboratory comparison of HPLC-fluorescence detection and GC/MS: analysis of PAH compounds present in diesel exhaust. Journal of Hazardous Materials 74 (2000) 37-46
9. Hays M., Smith N.D., Kinsey J., Dong Y., and Kariher P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon size distributions in aerosols from appliances of residential wood combustion as determined by direct thermal desorption - GC/MS. Journal of Aerosol Science 34 (2003) 1061-1084
10. Ho K.F., Lee S.C., and Chiu G. Characterisation of selected volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at roadside monitoring station. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 57-65
11. Kado N., Okamoto R., Karim J., and Kuzmicky P. Airborne particle emissions from 2- and 4-stroke outboard marine engines: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and bioassay analyses. Environmental Science and Technology 34 (2000) 2714-2720
12. Kennedy I. The health effects of combustion-generated aerosols. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31 (2007) 2757-2770
13. Koziel J., Jia M., Khaled A., Noah J., and Pawliszyn J. Field air analysis with SPME device. Analytica Chimica Acta 400 (1999) 153-162
14. Koziel J., Odziemkowski M., and Pawliszyn J. Sampling and analysis of airborne particulate matter and aerosols using in-needle trap and SPME fiber devices. Analytical Chemistry 73 (2001) 47-54
15. Lee W.J., Wang Y.F., Lin T.C., Chen Y.Y., Lin W.C., Ku C.C., and Cheng J.T. PAH characteristics in the ambient air of traffic-source. Science of the Total Environment 159 (1995) 185-200
16. Lev-On, M., Letavec, C., Uihlein, J., Alleman, T., Lawson, D., Vertin, K., Gautam, M., Thompson, G., Wayne, W.S., Zielinska, B., Sagebield, J., 2002. Chemical Speciation of Exhaust Emissions from Trucks and Buses Fuelled on Ultra-low Sulphur Diesel and CNG. SAE Paper 2002-01-0432.
17. Lin Y.C., Lee W.J., Wu T.S., and Wang C.T. Comparison of PAH and regulated harmful matter emissions from biodiesel blends and paraffinic fuel blends on engine accumulated mileage test. Fuel 85 (2006) 2516-2523
18. Nguyen A.L., and Luong J.H.T. Separation and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by solid phase microextraction/cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. Analytical Chemistry 69 (1997) 1726-1731
19. Pawliszyn J. Solid Phase Microextraction - Theory and Practice (1997), Wiley, New York
20. Pinto A., Guarieiro L., Rezande M., Ribeiro N., Torres E., Lopes W., Pereira P., and Andrade J. Biodiesel: an overview. Journal of Brazilian Chemical Society 16 6B (2005) 1313-1330
21. Richter H., and Howard J.B. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot (a review of chemical reaction pathways). Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 26 (2000) 565-608
22. Riddle S., Robert M., Jakober C., Hannigan M., and Kleeman M. Size distribution of trace organic species emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Environmental Science and Technology 41 (2007) 1962-1969
23. Shah S.D., Ogunyoku T.A., Miller J.W., and Cocker III D.R. On-road emissions rates of PAH and n-alkane compounds from heavy-duty diesel engines. Environmental Science and Technology 39 (2005) 5276-5284
24. Shi J.P., Mark D., and Harrison R. Characterization of particles from a current technology heavy-duty diesel engine. Environmental Science and Technology 34 (2000) 748-755
25. Shurmer B., and Pawliszyn J. Determination of distribution constants between a liquid polymeric coating and water by a solid-phase microextraction technique with a flow-through standard water system. Analytical Chemistry 72 (2000) 3660-3664
26. Turrio-Baldassarri L., Battistelli C.L., Conti L., Crebelli R., De Berardis B., Iamiceli A.L., Gambino M., and Iannaccone S. Emission comparison of urban bus engine fueled with diesel oil and biodiesel blend. Science of the Total Environment 327 (2004) 147-162
27. U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1990. Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments Section 112[c](6).
28. U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1999. Method TO-13 determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air EPA/625/R-96/010b.
29. U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2002. A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impact on Exhaust Emissions. Section VI: Biodiesel Effects on Gaseous Toxics EPA420-P-02-001.
30. Vera Castellano A., López Cancio J., Santana Alemán P., and Santana Rodríguez J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air particles in the city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Environment International 1039 (2003) 1-6
31. Westerholm R., Christensen A., Törnqvist M., Ehrenberg L., Rannug U., Sjögren M., Rafter J., Soontjens C., Almen J., and Grägg K. Comparison of exhaust emissions from Swedish environmental classified diesel fuel (MK1) and European Program of Emissions Fuels and Engine technologies (EPEFE) reference fuel: a chemical and biological characterization, with viewpoints of cancer risk. Environmental Science and Technology 35 (2001) 1748-1754