메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 50-61

Mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation promotes osteogenesis while preventing dietary-induced obesity

Author keywords

Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Mechanical loading; Mesenchymal stem cells; Obesity; Osteoblastogenesis; Osteoblasts; Osteoporosis

Indexed keywords

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BONE DEVELOPMENT; BONE MARROW CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONTROL GROUP; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; MALE; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OSSIFICATION; OSTEOPENIA; PHENOTYPE; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; TISSUE REGENERATION; UPREGULATION;

EID: 58149084456     PISSN: 08840431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080817     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (230)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0242664267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MSX2 promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal progenitors
    • Cheng SL, Shao JS, Charlton-Kachigian N, Loewy AP, Towler DA 2003 MSX2 promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal progenitors. J Biol Chem 278:45969-45977.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 45969-45977
    • Cheng, S.L.1    Shao, J.S.2    Charlton-Kachigian, N.3    Loewy, A.P.4    Towler, D.A.5
  • 2
    • 34249776946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical loading down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in bone marrow stromal cells and favors osteoblastogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis
    • David V, Martin A, Lafage-Proust MH, Malaval L, Peyroche S, Jones DB, Vico L, Guignandon A 2007 Mechanical loading down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in bone marrow stromal cells and favors osteoblastogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis. Endocrinology 148:2553-2562.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 2553-2562
    • David, V.1    Martin, A.2    Lafage-Proust, M.H.3    Malaval, L.4    Peyroche, S.5    Jones, D.B.6    Vico, L.7    Guignandon, A.8
  • 3
    • 35348874911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental origin of fat: Tracking obesity to its source
    • Gesta S, Tseng YH, Kahn CR 2007 Developmental origin of fat: Tracking obesity to its source. Cell 131:242-256.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.131 , pp. 242-256
    • Gesta, S.1    Tseng, Y.H.2    Kahn, C.R.3
  • 4
    • 36148930613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromechanical control of cell and tissue development: Implications for tissue engineering
    • Ghosh K, Ingber DE 2007 Micromechanical control of cell and tissue development: Implications for tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1309-1318.
    • (2007) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.59 , pp. 1309-1318
    • Ghosh, K.1    Ingber, D.E.2
  • 5
    • 36049045106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell responses to the mechanochemical microenvironment-Implications for regenerative medicine and drug delivery
    • Rehfeldt F, Engler AJ, Eckhardt A, Ahmed F, Discher DE 2007 Cell responses to the mechanochemical microenvironment-Implications for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1329-1339.
    • (2007) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.59 , pp. 1329-1339
    • Rehfeldt, F.1    Engler, A.J.2    Eckhardt, A.3    Ahmed, F.4    Discher, D.E.5
  • 6
    • 39149144034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells and niches: Mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life
    • Morrison SJ, Spradling AC 2008 Stem cells and niches: Mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. Cell 132:598-611.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 598-611
    • Morrison, S.J.1    Spradling, A.C.2
  • 7
    • 33744551726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells: Potential therapy for age-related diseases
    • Kassem M 2006 Stem cells: Potential therapy for age-related diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1067:436-442.
    • (2006) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1067 , pp. 436-442
    • Kassem, M.1
  • 8
    • 34248189675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric discrimination of mesenchymal progenitor cells from bone marrow-adherent cell populations using CD34/44/45(-) and Sca-1(+) markers
    • Hachisuka H, Mochizuki Y, Yasunaga Y, Natsu K, Sharman P, Shinomiya R, Ochi M 2007 Flow cytometric discrimination of mesenchymal progenitor cells from bone marrow-adherent cell populations using CD34/44/45(-) and Sca-1(+) markers. J Orthop Sci 12:161-169.
    • (2007) J Orthop Sci , vol.12 , pp. 161-169
    • Hachisuka, H.1    Mochizuki, Y.2    Yasunaga, Y.3    Natsu, K.4    Sharman, P.5    Shinomiya, R.6    Ochi, M.7
  • 11
    • 33845325476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out
    • Rosen ED, MacDougald OA 2006 Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:885-896.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.7 , pp. 885-896
    • Rosen, E.D.1    MacDougald, O.A.2
  • 12
    • 34547855102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncostatin M promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    • Song HY, Jeon ES, Kim JI, Jung JS, Kim JH 2007 Oncostatin M promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 101:1238-1251.
    • (2007) J Cell Biochem , vol.101 , pp. 1238-1251
    • Song, H.Y.1    Jeon, E.S.2    Kim, J.I.3    Jung, J.S.4    Kim, J.H.5
  • 15
    • 33845299821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone promotes development of a novel adipocyte population from bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells
    • Crossno JT Jr, Majka SM, Grazia T, Gill RG, Klemm DJ 2006 Rosiglitazone promotes development of a novel adipocyte population from bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 116:3220-3228.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 3220-3228
    • Crossno Jr, J.T.1    Majka, S.M.2    Grazia, T.3    Gill, R.G.4    Klemm, D.J.5
  • 16
    • 34250345688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical stretch promotes proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
    • Song G, Ju Y, Shen X, Luo Q, Shi Y, Qin J 2007 Mechanical stretch promotes proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 58:1507-1514.
    • (2007) Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces , vol.58 , pp. 1507-1514
    • Song, G.1    Ju, Y.2    Shen, X.3    Luo, Q.4    Shi, Y.5    Qin, J.6
  • 17
    • 34548169549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic mechanical compression increases mineralization of cell-seeded polymer scaffolds in vivo
    • Duty AO, Oest ME, Guldberg RE 2007 Cyclic mechanical compression increases mineralization of cell-seeded polymer scaffolds in vivo. J Biomech Eng 129:531-539.
    • (2007) J Biomech Eng , vol.129 , pp. 531-539
    • Duty, A.O.1    Oest, M.E.2    Guldberg, R.E.3
  • 19
    • 0034672870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ex vivo synthesis of articular cartilage
    • LeBaron RG, Athanasiou KA 2000 Ex vivo synthesis of articular cartilage. Biomatcrials 21:2575-2587.
    • (2000) Biomatcrials , vol.21 , pp. 2575-2587
    • LeBaron, R.G.1    Athanasiou, K.A.2
  • 20
    • 2942567997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosslinking density influences chondrocyte metabolism in dynamically loaded photocrosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels
    • Bryant SJ, Chowdhury TT, Lee DA, Bader DL, Anseth KS 2004 Crosslinking density influences chondrocyte metabolism in dynamically loaded photocrosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 32:407-417.
    • (2004) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.32 , pp. 407-417
    • Bryant, S.J.1    Chowdhury, T.T.2    Lee, D.A.3    Bader, D.L.4    Anseth, K.S.5
  • 21
    • 34848896292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of mesenchymal stem cell therapy
    • Dazzi F, Horwood NJ 2007 Potential of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Curr Opin Oncol 19:650-655.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 650-655
    • Dazzi, F.1    Horwood, N.J.2
  • 23
    • 33749664339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level mechanical vibrations can influence bone resorption and bone formation in the growing skeleton
    • Xie L, Jacobson JM, Choi ES, Busa B, Donahue LR, Miller LM, Rubin CT, Judex S 2006 Low-level mechanical vibrations can influence bone resorption and bone formation in the growing skeleton. Bone 39:1059-1066.
    • (2006) Bone , vol.39 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Xie, L.1    Jacobson, J.M.2    Choi, E.S.3    Busa, B.4    Donahue, L.R.5    Miller, L.M.6    Rubin, C.T.7    Judex, S.8
  • 25
    • 0031238747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-body vibration in the skeleton: Development of a resonance-based testing device
    • Fritton JC, Rubin CT, Qin YX, McLeod KJ 1997 Whole-body vibration in the skeleton: Development of a resonance-based testing device. Ann Biomed Eng 25:831-839.
    • (1997) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.25 , pp. 831-839
    • Fritton, J.C.1    Rubin, C.T.2    Qin, Y.X.3    McLeod, K.J.4
  • 26
    • 0021215715 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic strain similarity in vertebrates: An alternative to allometric limb bone scaling
    • Rubin CT, Lanyon LE 1984 Dynamic strain similarity in vertebrates: an alternative to allometric limb bone scaling. J Theor Biol 107:321-327.
    • (1984) J Theor Biol , vol.107 , pp. 321-327
    • Rubin, C.T.1    Lanyon, L.E.2
  • 27
    • 20044369779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical modulation of molecular signals which regulate anabolic and catabolic activity in bone tissue
    • Judex S, Zhong N, Squire ME, Ye K, Donahue LR, Hadjiargyrou M, Rubin CT 2005 Mechanical modulation of molecular signals which regulate anabolic and catabolic activity in bone tissue. J Cell Biochem 94:982-994.
    • (2005) J Cell Biochem , vol.94 , pp. 982-994
    • Judex, S.1    Zhong, N.2    Squire, M.E.3    Ye, K.4    Donahue, L.R.5    Hadjiargyrou, M.6    Rubin, C.T.7
  • 28
    • 33645505177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vitro and in vivo reference genes for internal standardization of real-time PCR data
    • Gilsbach R, Kouta M, Bonisch H, Bruss M 2006 Comparison of in vitro and in vivo reference genes for internal standardization of real-time PCR data. Biotechniques 40:173-177.
    • (2006) Biotechniques , vol.40 , pp. 173-177
    • Gilsbach, R.1    Kouta, M.2    Bonisch, H.3    Bruss, M.4
  • 29
    • 58149103242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo quantification of subcutaneous and visceral adiposity by micro-computed tomography in a small animal model
    • in press
    • Luu YK, Lublinsky S, Ozcivici E, Capilla E, Pessin JE, Rubin CT, Judex S 2008 In vivo quantification of subcutaneous and visceral adiposity by micro-computed tomography in a small animal model. Med Eng Phys (in press).
    • (2008) Med Eng Phys
    • Luu, Y.K.1    Lublinsky, S.2    Ozcivici, E.3    Capilla, E.4    Pessin, J.E.5    Rubin, C.T.6    Judex, S.7
  • 30
    • 67349126436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated separation of visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in In vivo microcomputed tomographies of mice
    • in press
    • Lublinsky S, Luu YK, Rubin CT, Judex S 2008 Automated separation of visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in In vivo microcomputed tomographies of mice. J Digit Imaging (in press).
    • (2008) J Digit Imaging
    • Lublinsky, S.1    Luu, Y.K.2    Rubin, C.T.3    Judex, S.4
  • 31
    • 33947606818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-magnitude mechanical signals that stimulate bone formation in the ovariectomized rat are dependent on the applied frequency but not on the strain magnitude
    • Judex S, Lei X, Han D, Rubin C 2007 Low-magnitude mechanical signals that stimulate bone formation in the ovariectomized rat are dependent on the applied frequency but not on the strain magnitude. J Biomech 40:1333-1339.
    • (2007) J Biomech , vol.40 , pp. 1333-1339
    • Judex, S.1    Lei, X.2    Han, D.3    Rubin, C.4
  • 32
    • 33748052325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level, high-frequency mechanical signals enhance musculoskeletal development of young women with low BMD
    • Gilsanz V, Wren TA, Sanchez M, Dorcy F, Judex S, Rubin C 2006 Low-level, high-frequency mechanical signals enhance musculoskeletal development of young women with low BMD. J Bone Miner Res 21:1464-1474.
    • (2006) J Bone Miner Res , vol.21 , pp. 1464-1474
    • Gilsanz, V.1    Wren, T.A.2    Sanchez, M.3    Dorcy, F.4    Judex, S.5    Rubin, C.6
  • 33
    • 0037659126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstrating the consistency of small data sets: Application of the weisberg t-test for outliers
    • RJ Seely, L Munyakazi, TF Curry, H Simmerman, WH Rushing, J Haury 2003 Demonstrating the consistency of small data sets: Application of the weisberg t-test for outliers. Biopharm Int 16:36-42.
    • (2003) Biopharm Int , vol.16 , pp. 36-42
    • Seely, R.J.1    Munyakazi, L.2    Curry, T.F.3    Simmerman, H.4    Rushing, W.H.5    Haury, J.6
  • 34
    • 0028301173 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and purification of osteogenic cells from murine bone marrow by two-color cell sorting using anti-Sca-1 monoclonal antibody and wheat germ agglutinin
    • Van VP, Falla N, Snoeck H, Mathieu E 1994 Characterization and purification of osteogenic cells from murine bone marrow by two-color cell sorting using anti-Sca-1 monoclonal antibody and wheat germ agglutinin. Blood 84:753-763.
    • (1994) Blood , vol.84 , pp. 753-763
    • Van, V.P.1    Falla, N.2    Snoeck, H.3    Mathieu, E.4
  • 35
    • 0034107525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of high fat diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance in C57Bl/6J mice
    • Lin S, Thomas TC, Storlien LH, Huang XF 2000 Development of high fat diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance in C57Bl/6J mice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24:639-646.
    • (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.24 , pp. 639-646
    • Lin, S.1    Thomas, T.C.2    Storlien, L.H.3    Huang, X.F.4
  • 38
    • 34547671877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for fractures in normally active children and adolescents
    • Goulding A 2007 Risk factors for fractures in normally active children and adolescents. Med Sport Sci 51:102-120.
    • (2007) Med Sport Sci , vol.51 , pp. 102-120
    • Goulding, A.1
  • 39
    • 28144448365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone and body composition of children and adolescents with repeated forearm fractures
    • Goulding A, Grant AM, Williams SM 2005 Bone and body composition of children and adolescents with repeated forearm fractures. J Bone Miner Res 20:2090-2096.
    • (2005) J Bone Miner Res , vol.20 , pp. 2090-2096
    • Goulding, A.1    Grant, A.M.2    Williams, S.M.3
  • 42
    • 37249051759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of PPAR transactivation switches cell fate of bone marrow stem cells from adipocytes into osteoblasts
    • Takada I, Suzawa M, Matsumoto K, Kato S 2007 Suppression of PPAR transactivation switches cell fate of bone marrow stem cells from adipocytes into osteoblasts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1116:182-195.
    • (2007) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1116 , pp. 182-195
    • Takada, I.1    Suzawa, M.2    Matsumoto, K.3    Kato, S.4
  • 43
    • 22944463642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an understanding of the physiological function of Mammalian stem cells
    • Joseph NM, Morrison SJ 2005 Toward an understanding of the physiological function of Mammalian stem cells. Dev Cell 9:173-183.
    • (2005) Dev Cell , vol.9 , pp. 173-183
    • Joseph, N.M.1    Morrison, S.J.2
  • 44
    • 34848863384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine
    • Caplan AI 2007 Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol 213:341-347.
    • (2007) J Cell Physiol , vol.213 , pp. 341-347
    • Caplan, A.I.1
  • 45
    • 0033694589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function of pref-1 as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation
    • Sul HS, Smas C, Mei B, Zhou L 2000 Function of pref-1 as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24(Suppl 4):S15-S19.
    • (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Sul, H.S.1    Smas, C.2    Mei, B.3    Zhou, L.4
  • 46
    • 0031821520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding adipocyte differentiation
    • Gregoire FM, Smas CM, Sul HS 1998 Understanding adipocyte differentiation. Physiol Rev 78:783-809.
    • (1998) Physiol Rev , vol.78 , pp. 783-809
    • Gregoire, F.M.1    Smas, C.M.2    Sul, H.S.3
  • 47
    • 36849029335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells fail to transdifferentiate into adipocytes in adult adipose tissues in mice
    • Koh YJ, Kang S, Lee HJ, Choi TS, Lee HS, Cho CH, Koh GY 2007 Bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells fail to transdifferentiate into adipocytes in adult adipose tissues in mice. J Clin Invest 117:3684-3695.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 3684-3695
    • Koh, Y.J.1    Kang, S.2    Lee, H.J.3    Choi, T.S.4    Lee, H.S.5    Cho, C.H.6    Koh, G.Y.7
  • 48
    • 36849006532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The weight of cell identity
    • Scadden DT 2007 The weight of cell identity. J Clin Invest 117:3653-3655.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 3653-3655
    • Scadden, D.T.1
  • 50
    • 34249939788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease under the influence of excess visceral fat
    • Despres JP 2007 Cardiovascular disease under the influence of excess visceral fat. Crit Pathw Cardiol 6:51-59.
    • (2007) Crit Pathw Cardiol , vol.6 , pp. 51-59
    • Despres, J.P.1
  • 51
    • 34548040666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk: Do we have all the answers?
    • Haffner SM 2007 Abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk: Do we have all the answers? Am J Med 120:S10-S16.
    • (2007) Am J Med , vol.120
    • Haffner, S.M.1
  • 52
    • 33751383444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative MRI for the assessment of bone structure and function
    • Wehrli FW, Song HK, Saha PK, Wright AC 2006 Quantitative MRI for the assessment of bone structure and function. NMR Biomed 19:731-764.
    • (2006) NMR Biomed , vol.19 , pp. 731-764
    • Wehrli, F.W.1    Song, H.K.2    Saha, P.K.3    Wright, A.C.4
  • 53
    • 33746578393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteopontin: A bridge between bone and blood
    • Haylock DN, Nilsson SK 2006 Osteopontin: A bridge between bone and blood. Br J Haematol 134:467-474.
    • (2006) Br J Haematol , vol.134 , pp. 467-474
    • Haylock, D.N.1    Nilsson, S.K.2
  • 54
    • 0035758094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipocyte differentiation: From fibroblast to endocrine cell
    • Gregoire FM 2001 Adipocyte differentiation: From fibroblast to endocrine cell. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:997-1002.
    • (2001) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) , vol.226 , pp. 997-1002
    • Gregoire, F.M.1
  • 56
    • 0141535111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will reducing adopogenesis in bone increase bone mass?: PPARgamma2 as a key target in the treatment of age-related bone loss
    • Duque G 2003 Will reducing adopogenesis in bone increase bone mass?: PPARgamma2 as a key target in the treatment of age-related bone loss. Drug News Perspect 16:341-346.
    • (2003) Drug News Perspect , vol.16 , pp. 341-346
    • Duque, G.1
  • 58
    • 40349103527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased adipogenesis of osteoporotic human-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) characterizes by impaired leptin action
    • Astudillo P, Rios S, Pastenes L, Pino AM, Rodriguez JP 2007 Increased adipogenesis of osteoporotic human-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) characterizes by impaired leptin action. J Cell Biochem 103:1054-1065.
    • (2007) J Cell Biochem , vol.103 , pp. 1054-1065
    • Astudillo, P.1    Rios, S.2    Pastenes, L.3    Pino, A.M.4    Rodriguez, J.P.5
  • 59
    • 2042548006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeled microgravity inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and increases adipogenesis
    • Zayzafoon M, Gathings WE, McDonald JM 2004 Modeled microgravity inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and increases adipogenesis. Endocrinology 145:2421-2432.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 2421-2432
    • Zayzafoon, M.1    Gathings, W.E.2    McDonald, J.M.3
  • 60
    • 12344285154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of simulated weightlessness on osteoprogenitor cell number and proliferation in young and adult rats
    • Basso N, Bellows CG, Heersche JN 2005 Effect of simulated weightlessness on osteoprogenitor cell number and proliferation in young and adult rats. Bone 36:173-183.
    • (2005) Bone , vol.36 , pp. 173-183
    • Basso, N.1    Bellows, C.G.2    Heersche, J.N.3
  • 63
    • 0030901985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric obesity. An overview of etiology and treatment
    • Schonfeld-Warden N, Warden CH 1997 Pediatric obesity. An overview of etiology and treatment. Pediatr Clin North Am 44:339-361.
    • (1997) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.44 , pp. 339-361
    • Schonfeld-Warden, N.1    Warden, C.H.2
  • 64
    • 0032474427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association call to action: Obesity as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. AHA Nutrition Committee
    • Eckel RH, Krauss RM 1998 American Heart Association call to action: Obesity as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. AHA Nutrition Committee. Circulation 97:2099-2100.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2099-2100
    • Eckel, R.H.1    Krauss, R.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.